The development of technology with digital image processing is often utilized to solve various problems in image processing, such as facial recognition, object detection, and interaction between users. In this study, we developed an interactive hand gesture-based game titled "Slap Mosquito" that utilizes image processing techniques to control the game through hand gestures. Using Rapid Application Development (RAD), Python, OpenCV, and Pygame methodologies, this game allows users to slap mosquitoes virtually in real-time through hand gesture recognition that is read by the camera and translated into in-game actions. RAD allows rapid development iterations and improvements based on user feedback, which is essential for improving system responsiveness and accuracy. This study focuses on detection precision, system responsiveness, and the impact of lighting on game performance, as measured using frames per second (FPS) and user gameplay results. The test results show that optimal lighting meets high detection accuracy, while low lighting conditions have a negative impact on accuracy and responsiveness. The results of this study provide insights for further development of gesture-based applications, especially regarding the importance of optimizing technical parameters and RAD methodology in improving user experience.
 
 

Learning outcomes are a series of skills, knowledge, attitudes and values ??obtained by students in their thinking process during learning activities. This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of class X-4 students on opportunity material by applying the problem based learning model assisted by wordwall media. To see an increase in learning outcomes, classroom action research was carried out for two cycles using the method of observation and analysis of test results with research instruments in the form of pretest posttest questions in the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this classroom action research were 34 students from class X-4 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research results showed a consistent increase in learning outcomes over two cycles in the opportunity material. Before the action was taken there were 18 students who had not reached the KKM and only 16 students had completed it so the percentage of completion was 47.05% with an average learning outcome of 67.76. In the first cycle, the number of students who completed their learning outcomes reaching the KKM increased to 28 with a completion percentage of 82.35% and an average learning outcome of 78.23. In cycle II, the number of students whose learning outcomes achieved the KKM consistently increased so that there were 31 with a completion percentage of 91.17% and an average learning outcome of 89.54.

The success of the learning process is highly desired in school education. One of the key factors in achieving success is the teacher's selection of appropriate methods for delivering the lesson material in class, which contributes to students' learning outcomes. In mathematics instruction, particularly on the topic of Statistics in class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, the results have been unsatisfactory, with an average score of 59 for the 2023/2024 academic year. Therefore, improvement is needed through the implementation of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) cooperative learning model. The subjects of this study are students of class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 36 students. This study involves a mathematics teacher and an observer. The data collection tools used include formative tests, observation sheets for the teacher, students, and group discussion activities, as well as reflection questionnaires on the learning process. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the application of the TAI cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class X-7 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya on the topic of Statistics. This study is expected to encourage teachers to implement the TAI cooperative learning model in Statistics to enhance students' learning outcomes in Mathematics.

This study began with the problem of low Mathematics learning outcomes of class X-5 students of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, which were below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) of 75. This study aims to improve the Mathematics learning outcomes of class X-5 students of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. This study is a classroom action research (PTK) conducted in two cycles in the 2023/2024 academic year with 37 students. The data collection method in this study used observation techniques. The instruments used were pretest and posttest questions. The results of the analysis showed that the application of the problem based learning (PBL) learning model succeeded in improving students' Mathematics learning outcomes in statistics material. Student learning outcomes increased from the pre-cycle to cycle I and to cycle II. Before the action, only 10 students achieved KKM with a classical completion percentage of 27.02%. In cycle I, the number of students achieving KKM increased to 26 with a classical completion percentage of 70.27%. In cycle II, the number of students achieving KKM increased again to 31 with a classical completion percentage of 88.57%.
 

This study was conducted by looking at the low learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in the previous material, namely SPLTV. This study was conducted with the aim of improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the quadratic equation material by implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall. This study is included in classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. The subjects of the study used were 36 class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research data were obtained through pretest, observation, and posttest. The analysis data from the pretest and posttest results were in the form of quantitative data which would be used to determine the increase in student learning outcomes. While the analysis data from the observation results in the form of qualitative data were used as a guideline to improve and perfect learning activities from cycle I to cycle II. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, it shows that implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall on the quadratic equation material can improve the learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The classical completeness of the pretest cycle I was 44.4%. After the implementation of the TGT type cooperative learning model, there was an increase to 77.8% in the posttest of cycle I. In cycle II, it increased again to 94.6% with a classical completion target of 85%.

The health Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) is a legal entity specifically assigned by the government to administer social security. Seen in the vision and mission of the Long Term Develompment Plan For the Health Sector 2005-2025, namely that the community is expacted to have the ability to access quality health services and also obtain heald insurance, namely that the community gets protection in meeting their basic health needs. Especially for the people of Binjai city, to see the level of satisfaction of peolbe using BPJS Health in the city of Binjai, it is necessary to build a clustering that can group the level of satisfaction in each domicile. Data Mining Grouping using the K-Menas Clustering algoritma metdhod, which is a process of processing quite large amounts of data using statistical methods, this producing a group of data. It is hoped that clustering can complete the grouping of satisfaction levels of BPJS user commuites in the city of Binjai. There are 400 data from correspondent responses from the community regarding the level of satisfaction in using BPJS Health in the city of Binjai. From the results of trials with 400 data carried out with MATLAB, it was found that group 3, cluster 1, had 244 data, cluster 2 had 69 data, cluster 3 had 87 data, group 4 cluster 1 has 78 data, cluster 2 68 data, cluster 3 has 109 data, group 5 cluster 1 has 63 data, cluster 2 has 63 data, cluster 3 has 145 data, cluster 4 has 24 data, cluster 5 has 100 data.

Marriage is a sacred relationship that occurs between a man and a woman with the aim of building a prosperous family. However, in reality, family life can face various situations that cause unhappiness and lead to the dissolution of a marriage. One example of divorce is when a husband disappears without a trace, leaving his wife behind. This research aims to explain and examine the supernatural divorce case based on decision number 1301/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Sby and analyze the judge's considerations in making decisions regarding the case. This research uses normative legal methods, with data collection techniques through literature review. The judge's reasons in cases of unseen divorce include the absence of the defendant whose whereabouts have not been identified or who have been declared missing, as well as the existence of documents from the sub-district explaining the ignorance of the position of the party concerned. The trial can be terminated in verstek if the defendant, having been legally summoned by the court, is still absent for no apparent reason..
 

Marriage dispensation is a civil case, namely granting permission to prospective brides and grooms who wish to marry but are prevented by age requirements according to the provisions of Law Number 16 of 2019. Marriage is a sacred thing to form a family. The Religious Court is the place where marriage dispensation cases are filed. Compelling reasons with supporting evidence must accompany the case application. This article is using normative research, and the Statue Approach and Case Approach research types. This research aims to analyze the decision of the Surabaya religious court number 2194/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Sby. This article covers the chronology of the trial, Judge considerations, and factors that influence the judges to rejector grant request for the marriage dispensation.

The validation of marriage is an examination of the bond between a man and a woman as life partners that has been carried out in accordance with the teachings of Islam, and the fulfillment of the elements and requirements for the validity of the marriage bond, but has not yet been registered with the relevant authorities. This study focuses on the analysis of the Surabaya Religious Court decision number 2540/Pdt.P2024/PA.Sby. This paper discusses the legal basis and requirements for the validation of marriage that were considered by the judge in making the decision to validate the marriage.

An early childhood child is an individual who actively interacts with individuals around them. From these direct interactions, children learn social norms and ethics that shape and develop their character. This study focused on the process of early childhood learning from the environment in developing their character from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems theory framework. Eleven interviewees participated in this qualitative research. The findings revealed that at the mesosytem level, a learning environment in the community that is safe and supportive of children's growth and development will develop children's positive character. These results corroborated that positive interactions within the environmental layers in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory will contribute positively to children's development. Parents and RuPin Coordinators unanimously stated that education contributes positively to children's growth and development. Even the smallest knowledge gained by children will affect their mindset and behavior, so a commitment to providing a safe and positively stimulating learning environment is important. From the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, an adequate learning environment for young children should involve positive interactions between various environmental systems: family, school, peers and community.