This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving problem solving skills in fractional materials for grade V students at SD Negeri 3 Mantingan. The background of this research is the low ability of students to solve fractional problems, mainly due to procedural misconceptions and lack of opportunities to discuss and construct understanding collaboratively. The method used is the Kemmis and McTaggart model Class Action Research (PTK), which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in one cycle, involving 28 students as subjects. Data collection was carried out through evaluation tests (pre-cycle and cycle I) as well as observation of student learning activities. The results of the study showed a significant increase in problem solving ability. The average score of students increased from 36.43 in the pre-cycle to 93.21 in the first cycle, with a t-test of 25.18 and a p< value of 0.001, indicating a high significance. Learning completeness increased from 0% to 100%. The TPS model has been proven to be able to overcome misconceptions, especially through the peer scaffolding process in the "pair" stage, which helps students in identifying variables and choosing the right calculation operations. In addition, there was an increase in students' collaborative skills in terms of expressing opinions and asking questions, with an achievement range between 68% to 75%. The main obstacles faced in the implementation of polling stations are the management of discussion time and class noise. However, this was successfully overcome through the use of timers and Student Worksheets (LKPD) equipped with scaffolding questions. It can be concluded that the TPS model is an innovative and effective approach in improving mathematical problem solving skills contextually, in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum.

The rapid expansion of fintech lending services, particularly cross-border peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, has created significant legal challenges concerning consumer protection. This study examines whether existing legal frameworks adequately safeguard consumer rights within the borderless digital lending environment. Utilizing a normative-juridical method combined with a comparative approach, the research analyzes Indonesia’s regulatory structure alongside selected international frameworks. The findings reveal substantial gaps in consumer protection, exacerbated by the proliferation of illegal online lending platforms, regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions, and the misuse of personal data. National regulations often prove insufficient to address complex cross-border legal issues. This study underscores the urgency of global regulatory harmonization, enhanced national oversight mechanisms, and improved digital literacy among consumers. It concludes with recommendations for regulatory reform, the establishment of international supervisory cooperation, and the strengthening of institutional roles, particularly by financial and communication authorities, to ensure robust consumer protection in the evolving fintech lending ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, solvency, and liquidity on the stock prices of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2022–2024, with company size as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The data used are secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 40 companies selected through a purposive sampling method for three years, so that the total observation is 120 data. The independent variables studied include Return on Assets (ROA) as a proxy for profitability, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) for solvency, and Current Ratio (CR) for liquidity. Company size is measured using the natural logarithm of total assets as a moderating variable, while stock price is the dependent variable. Before the regression analysis was carried out, the data were tested using the classical assumption test which includes the normality test (with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, histogram, and P-Plot), multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test (run test), and heteroscedasticity test (scatter plot). After the data meets the normality assumption and all classical assumptions are met. The results of the regression test show that: (1) profitability has a positive and significant effect on stock prices; (2) solvency does not have a significant effect on stock prices; (3) liquidity has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. In addition, the company size variable is able to significantly moderate the effect of profitability and liquidity on stock prices, but does not moderate the effect of solvency. This study contributes to investors in assessing financial performance as a basis for making investment decisions, as well as for companies in developing financial strategies to increase stock value.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

This study discusses the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a cashless digital payment tool from the perspective of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). QRIS is an electronic payment system recognized by Bank Indonesia to facilitate non-cash transactions in the country. From an Islamic legal standpoint, it is essential to analyze the validity of transactions and the underlying akad (contracts), as sharia principles require clarity (bayyinah), mutual consent (ridha), and the lack of riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maisir (gambling). This research adopts a descriptive quantitative approach and literature study method to examine QRIS in the context of fiqh muamalah, particularly focusing on the validity and contracts involved in non-cash payments. The findings of this study indicate that the use of QRIS in financial transactions can be considered valid under Islamic law, provided it fulfills the essential elements and conditions of a valid contract, such as price clarity, transaction object, and mutual consent.Keywords : QRIS, Fiqh Muamalah, Non-Cash Transaction, Akad Islamic Economics

This article discusses the development of an e-commerce website for a batik store as an effort to digitize marketing and improve operational efficiency. The study focuses on system development strategies, integration of essential features such as product catalogs, shopping carts, digital payment methods, and their impact on customer accessibility. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, employing observation, interviews with the store owner, and a literature review related to e-commerce and digital marketing for MSMEs. The analysis results show that the implementation of a web-based digital platform can expand market reach, enhance customer convenience in shopping, and support more organized and structured transaction recording. The website development was carried out using the Waterfall method to ensure a step-by-step and structured process. These findings indicate that digital transformation through an e-commerce website is a strategic solution for batik MSMEs in facing modern market challenges.

Force is one of the most fundamental concepts in physics, used to describe and explain a wide range of phenomena. Students can use force diagrams to learn about fundamental force concepts and solve problems related to forces. However, a limited study has focused on students’ views in drawing force diagrams. This study aims to explore students’ views about force diagrams while solving physics problems. A qualitative study was conducted to explore students’ views on drawing and using force diagrams when solving force problems, involving 18 physics education students. Before the semi-structured interviews were conducted, the students were given two force problems to solve. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis. Data from the interview was analyzed using NVivo software. This study identified five themes related to students’ views on force diagrams: purposes, conventions, physics concepts, mathematical concepts, and incomplete diagrams. The most frequently mentioned theme by students was the purpose of drawing force diagrams. Students’ knowledge about force concepts and trigonometry also affected their diagrams. Students had different ways to draw diagrams, either on the dot or on the object, and had reasons for drawing the incomplete force diagrams. These findings suggest that students should possess sufficient knowledge of physics and mathematics to draw force diagrams effectively. Students should also understand when force diagrams are applicable and recognize the advantages of drawing them. This study suggests that to support students' effective understanding of force diagrams, educators should employ appropriate strategies and equip students with the skills to create and utilize force diagrams while learning about force concepts and solving problems.

This study explores the strategic integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as a means to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a qualitative descriptive method through content analysis of secondary data, the research analyzes the relevance of ESG and GCG in corporate strategy. The findings show that ESG provides a framework for identifying sustainability-related risks and opportunities, while GCG ensures ethical, transparent, and accountable governance. Companies integrating these two pillars demonstrate better performance in sustainability, increased competitiveness, and greater investor trust. Case studies from Indonesian companies such as PT SUCOFINDO and PT Len Industri illustrate successful ESG-GCG implementation that aligns with various SDG targets. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including resource constraints and limited managerial awareness. The study concludes that the synergy between ESG and GCG is essential in building resilient and sustainable businesses. Further research is recommended to develop implementation models across industries and support policy improvements in ESG governance.

In the Kutai Basin area, seasonal changes such as high rainfall can significantly increase groundwater content, so that the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone, increasing water content in rocks tends to decrease shear strength. Water in the pores or fractures can increase pore water pressure and reduce effective normal stress. Shear strength is one of the most important mechanical parameters used to assess soil and rock stability, this parameter is very important in slope stability analysis, foundation planning, and various civil engineering and mining applications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether the water content in rocks can affect the strength of rocks in receiving shear forces. The method used in this study is more quantitative and specific to the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone in this area. Increasing water content in rocks tends to reduce shear strength. This study was conducted by taking claystone samples from several locations in the Kutai Basin. Data collection in the form of primary data and secondary data for testing physical properties and testing mechanical properties, in testing physical properties, the water content value will be taken as supporting data which is one of the factors that affect rock strength, in testing mechanical properties, claystone shear strength data will be taken. From the results of the physical properties test calculations, the air content in each Formation is obtained, namely, in the Kampungbaru Formation the minimum air content value is 15.54% and the maximum is 20.17%, in the Balikpapan Formation the minimum air content value is 10.21% and the maximum is 12,88%, in the Palaubalang Formation the minimum air content value is 10.49% and the maximum is 22.87%. The results of the strength of the claystone in receiving shear forces in the Kutai Basin are the Muara Jawa location 0.486MPa, Tanah Datar location 0.500 MPa, Sanga-sanga location 0.333 MPa, Muara Badak location 0.269, Air Putih location 0.711MPa, Mugirejo location 0.021 MPa and Lempake location 0.092 MPa.

Compressive strength is one of the mechanical properties of rock behavior. This study focuses on the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru Formations located in the Kutai Kartanegara area, East Kalimantan. The Schmidt Hammer testing method was applied due to the lack of previous studies utilizing this tool to evaluate rock hardness in correlation with compressive strength. The research site is situated in the Kutai Kartanegara area, specifically in the districts of Muara Badak, Muara Jawa, and Sanga-Sanga. Field observations revealed the presence of claystone slopes at predetermined locations. Based on the test results, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 3.453 MPa to 5.454 MPa, while the Kampungbaru Formation ranges from 3.317 MPa to 8.571 MPa. The Schmidt Hammer rebound number (RN) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 17 to 19.6, and for the Kampungbaru Formation from 15 to 23.7. A negative correlation was found between the rebound number and UCS, where higher RN values tend to correspond with lower UCS values. This is supported by the linear regression analysis showing a negative coefficient (-0.450).