The crisis of legal authority in the management of customary forests reflects deep-seated issues in the relationship between customary law and state law in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the Dayak indigenous community in Kalimantan. This research aims to identify and analyze the dynamics of legal conflicts and authority imbalances in forest management recognized as customary areas by local communities, but often claimed as state forest areas by the government. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach and case study method, this research focuses on two strategic areas, namely Lamandau Regency and Gunung Mas. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of legal documents as well as customary territory maps from BRWA and AMAN. The research results indicate that the tension between customary law and state law is evident both structurally and in practice. On one hand, indigenous communities uphold principles of management based on local wisdom, spirituality, and social collectivism; on the other hand, the state imposes a positive law approach and administrative logic on forest areas. This conflict not only creates legal uncertainty but also marginalizes the role of indigenous communities as key stakeholders. The findings also indicate the existence of resistance efforts undertaken by indigenous communities through participatory mapping, strategic litigation, and strengthening local institutions. This research concludes that an approach of legal pluralism and substantial recognition of customary legal authority is a crucial step in creating ecological and social justice for indigenous communities.

Study This aim For analyze system queue at the Population and Registration Service Civil ( Disdukcapil) Bone Bolango Regency as well as apply the M/M/C (Multi Channel Single Phase ) queuing model optimizing performance system and upgrade effectiveness service to public . Arrival data visitors and time service collected for 5 days through observation . Analysis results show system applied queue moment This is the model (M/M/4 ): (FIFO/?/?) with level arrival visitors Poisson distribution , time service distribute Exponential , 4 counters service , discipline first-come first-served (FCFS) queues , as well source arrival and capacity queue No limited . Size performance the system in existing conditions shows time wait for the average visitor in system amounting to 26.4 minutes and time Wait in queue amounting to 44.4 minutes . For optimizing performance , research recommend application of the model (M/M/7 ) : (FIFO/?/?) with add amount counter service into 7 counters . In this model , level utility system (?) is below 50 % ie about 41%, which is considered effective Because enter in range level utility low (5%-10%). Application of the queuing model with 7 counters projected can shorten time wait for the average visitor in system to 18.42 minutes and time Wait in queue to 18 minutes . Findings This expected can increase effectiveness service and satisfaction public to service Disdukcapil Bone Bolango Regency.

This study aims to determine the level of futsal shooting skills and dominant physical conditions of extracurricular participants at State Middle School 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a futsal shooting skills measurement test and a dominant physical condition test of futsal extracurricular participants at State Middle School 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The results of the study showed that most participants had a shooting skill level in the enough category, which was 10 people (80%), and a good category of 2 people (20%). The results of the overall physical condition test were in the enough category (with a conversion value of 6). The conclusion of the results of the study of the level of futsal shooting skills and dominant physical conditions of extracurricular participants at Middle School Negeri 1 Batu Sopang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, the average shooting skill level was enough and the results of the physical condition test were in the enough category.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media to enhance students’ cognitive abilities at State Vocational High School (SMK Negeri) 2 Pati, particularly in the subject of Computer Networking and the Internet. The research was motivated by low student achievement in meeting the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKTP), which was primarily attributed to the continued reliance on traditional teaching methods and low student motivation. A research and development (R&D) approach was employed using the ADDIE model. The resulting AR media is an Android application that integrates text, audio, images, animations, interactive 3D objects, and simulations, and is in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum. Expert evaluations showed a very high level of feasibility, with ratings of 94% from a subject matter expert and 91% from a media expert. These results were further supported by Aiken’s V index, which indicated very high validity for the material (0.921) and high validity for the media (0.881). A practicality test was conducted, revealing a high level of effectiveness, with a 94% approval rating from both teachers and students. Moreover, a pretest–posttest control group design demonstrated significant progress in learning outcomes. The experimental group achieved an average post-test score of 83.75, significantly higher than the control group’s 73.60. Based on the N-Gain test, the experimental group achieved an average gain of 65.52% (moderately effective), whereas the control group achieved only 38.75% (ineffective). This study contributes to the theories of learning transfer, connectivism, and heutagogy, and offers practical implications for vocational education in adopting innovative technologies. 
 

Public service advertisement (PSA) is one of the mass communication strategies used to convey social messages to the public. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of PSA on changes in people's social behavior, especially in environmental and health issues. The results of the study showed that PSA has a significant influence on increasing awareness and changing people's behavior, especially in terms of disposing of waste in its place and reducing the use of single-use plastic.

This study aims to analyze consumer behavior in purchasing decision-making at traditional markets in Surakarta City. The focus of this research is to identify the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions, such as price, product quality, location, service, and shopping habits. The method used is a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 100 respondents who are active consumers at several traditional markets in Surakarta, such as Pasar Gede, Pasar Klewer, and Pasar Legi. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to examine the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results show that price, product quality, and service have a significant influence on purchasing decisions, while location and shopping habits do not show a significant influence. These findings indicate that consumers in traditional markets in Surakarta tend to prioritize economic value and service interaction in their purchasing decisions. This research is expected to provide input for traditional market managers in improving competitiveness amidst the growth of modern markets.

Many junior male artistic gymnastics athletes have not been able to perform rotational or circular movements on the mushroom apparatus. This research aims to 1) Develop rotational mushroom tools in gymnastics tools for circles. 2) To find out the effectiveness of rotational mushroom tools to improve circular skills. 3) The results of this rotation mushroom development model can be accepted by gymnastics coaches and athletes in Central Java. This development research uses a procedural research method. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach. The research subjects in this study are male artistic gymnastics athletes (juniors), gymnastics coaches, gymnastics experts/experts. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation (observation), interview, and documentation. Data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the research are 1) In small-scale trials, problems were found, namely the tool was too high. Experts advise to shorten the size as well as make the bottom flat. 2) The effectiveness of the development of rotation tools can improve the ability of circuits in junior athletes in mushroom tools is proven by observations and data collection carried out by researchers. Several Pengcab gymnastics athletes in Central Java stated that this tool is very helpful for the process of practicing circular movements 3) The results of the model of development of rotation tools for artistic gymnastics athletes can be accepted by coaches and gymnastics athletes in Central Java. This is proven by the support and enthusiasm carried out by several coaches when athletes try to use this rotation tool. The conclusions of this study are 1) Modification of rotation equipment is adjusted to the needs of gymnasts, namely for junior athletes in improving circuit skills in mushroom equipment. 2) The effectiveness of the product modification model of rotation equipment development for artistic gymnastics athletes to improve circuit skills 3) The enthusiasm and response of gymnastics coaches in Central Java is very good

Imagery training is rarely used by coaches to improve the quality of passing techniques in soccer. This study aims for soccer coaches or athletes to apply imagery training to achieve maximum performance.The research method in this study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research method. The population in this study were all SSB Bintang Kalinegoro athletes totaling 60. The sample used was 24 athletes. Data collection used a grid concentration test and a passing test. Quantitative data analysis consisted of a normality test, a homogeneity test, and a hypothesis test.The results showed cognitive specific sig p of 0.001, motivational general mastery sig p of 0.010, high concentration sig p of 0.008, low concentration sig p of 0.001, the interaction of imagery and concentration on passing results obtained sig p of 0.001 which means that all of them have interactions.Conclusion: There is an influence of cognitive specific, motivational general mastery, high concentration, and low concentration training methods on the passing training results of Bintang Kalinegoro soccer school players. The Cognitive Specific training method is better applied to high concentration groups, while the Motivational general mastery training method is better applied to low concentration groups.

Kerusakan yang diakibatkan karena abrasi tidak hanya berdampak pada kerugian materi tetapi juga berdampak pada penurunan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Desa Pasar Banggi telah mengalami kemunduran garis pantai sepanjang 353 meter karena pengaruh abrasi, adanya perubahan garis pantai sudah terjadi sejak tahun 1962. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memetakan tingkat kerawanan abrasi secara time series pada tahun 2014 - 2024, (2) mengetahui pengetahuan dan peran masyarakat dalam pengurangan risiko abrasi, dan (3) menganalisis tingkat keberhasilan dalam pengurangan abrasi di pesisir Desa Pasar Banggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu berupa analisis spasial dengan citra google earth serta analisis deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 10 tahun terakhir dari tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2024 terjadi penurunan abrasi setiap tahunnya, puncak abrasi tertinggi pada bulan Juli tahun 2022. Tingginya abrasi selama 10 tahun terakhir dengan jarak abrasi dari darat ke laut mencapai tinggi 6 meter sedangkan tinggi abrasi dari tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2024 mencapai 4 meter selanjutnya pengetahuan masyarakat kategori sedang 43,33% sedangkan peran individu masyarakat pesisir Desa Pasar Banggi 33,33% selanjutnya peran kelembagaan 66,67% ketegori tinggi berdasarkan kamauan karena warga di Desa Pasar Banggi serta keberhasilan program non struktural yaitu ekowisata mangrove yang aktif dikembangkan mencapai 80%. 

This study aims to examine the potential and challenges of utilizing Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Medan City, which is geographically located near the equator and receives high exposure to sunlight throughout the year. The method used is a literature review with a narrative review approach that analyzes secondary data from various journals and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Medan City has an average annual horizontal global solar radiation intensity of 463.61 W/m², with the potential for electrical power that can be generated from rooftop solar panels reaching 748.57 MW (monocrystalline), 598.85 MW (polycrystalline), and 299.43 MW (thin film). This potential is comparable to the capacity of large-scale power plants. The use of PLTS contributes to reducing carbon emissions, increasing energy security, creating jobs, and developing the local economy. However, challenges such as high installation costs, limited suitability of roof structures, and low public awareness are still major obstacles in the implementation of this technology. Therefore, synergy is needed between government policies, public education, and technological innovation to optimize the use of solar energy in urban areas such as Medan.