Aktualisasi pengembangan Kekayaan Intelektual (Intellectual Property Development) dalam rezim Hak Cipta yang merupakan karya turunan (derivative works) melalui media elektronik perlu diimbangi dengan bentuk-bentuk perlindungan ekstra (extra-protection) di luar perlindungan hukum Hak Cipta yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta nasional. Peningkatan kualitas perlindungan Hak Cipta digital diperlukan mengingat obyek Hak Cipta digital sudah semakin bertransformasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk baru yang diikuti dengan adanya kemungkinan akan terjadinya pelanggaran-pelanggaran Hak Cipta digital (Digital Copyright Infringements). Penyelesaian masalah terkait dengan problematika hukum pelanggaran Hak Cipta digital perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan legal dan teknologi yang akan dibahas melalui penelitian ini ke dalam beberapa bentuk upaya perlindungan hukum dan perlindungan non-hukum sebagai perlindungan yang bersifat komplementer.

By measuring the village development index, this study aims to determine how accounting and information systems affect village development. The village development index comprises of three measurements, specifically the social, financial  and environmental resilience index. Utilizing quantitative strategies and cross-sectional data from 1,842 towns in Central Sulawesi territory in 2021. The study's conclusions demonstrate that while the information system significantly influences village development, the accounting system has no impact on village development. These findings show that the use of information and communication innovation has an impact on village improvement. This disclosure found that cell phones have an impact on village development including social, financial and environmental and internet signals have an influence on village development including economic and social but not the environment.  

Cakwe Cigombong, a micro business located on Jalan Cibogo, Kelapa Dua District, Tangerang Regency, Banten, faces challenges in improving its branding to attract a wider consumer base. An effective branding strategy is very important to support the growth and competitiveness of these MSMEs. This community service activity aims to design and implement branding improvements that are tailored to business needs and conditions. The interventions carried out include the creation and installation of promotional banners, the development of more attractive menu designs, and the integration of the QRIS digital payment system to facilitate transactions. The results show that these efforts increase the attractiveness of the product among consumers. By adopting this branding strategy, Cakwe Cigombong is in a better position to compete and grow in the local market.

Desa Burno in Lumajang has experienced a significant surge in cardamom cultivation in line with evolving agricultural trends. While initially boosting farmers' incomes, this production explosion has led to a drastic decline in cardamom prices in the market. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the dominance of middlemen who control pricing and marketing, making it difficult for farmers to obtain fair prices. This article explores the dynamics of the cardamom market in Desa Burno, including the impact of mass planting trends on prices and the limitations faced by farmers due to middlemen influence. Through qualitative analysis, market data, and structured interviews, this research uncovers the challenges faced by cardamom farmers and provides recommendations for fairer marketing strategies. Additionally, the FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) behavior among farmers has contributed to the increased cultivation of cardamom, further worsening the market situation. This study aims to provide deeper insights into the relationship between cardamom agriculture, middlemen dominance, and FOMO behavior, while offering solutions to enhance the welfare of farmers in Desa Burno.

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios.
The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

Creating a positive work environment through effective conflict management plays a crucial and important role in fostering a productive and harmonious workplace. It was found that conflict resolution techniques such as mediation, negotiation, and a collaborative approach can reduce tension and strengthen relationships among employees. Open communication also proves to be a key factor in managing conflicts constructively, with companies that have transparent communication policies being more capable of creating a harmonious work atmosphere. A proactive approach by managers in handling potential conflicts, as well as ongoing training in conflict resolution, also plays a significant role in creating a healthy and productive environment.

Islamic education reached its peak during the Abbasid Dynasty, precisely from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries AD. This period is often referred to as the "Islamic Golden Age", during which Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasids, became the center of world knowledge and culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the glory of Islamic education before the collapse of Baghdad, the factors that caused the collapse of Baghdad, and analyze the impact and efforts to revive Islamic education. The benefits of this article are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the collapse of the center of Islamic civilization and the decline of education, as well as provide relevant historical insights to rebuild the glory of Islamic education in modern times. The author uses a qualitative method with the type of library research, the main sources of data in this research are books and websites relevant to Islamic history, as well as scientific journal articles that discuss Islamic history from various perspectives, both published in national and international journals. The data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with a descriptive approach to identify the main themes and gain a better understanding of the Decline of Islamic Education: An Analysis of the Impact of the Fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD. The fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD became one of the most tragic events in the history of Islamic civilization, especially in the field of education. The destruction of the city resulted in the loss of educational centers, such as Baitul Hikmah, as well as valuable manuscripts and scientific works. The disconnected scientific tradition and intellectual stagnation are a long-term impact felt by the Islamic world. After the fall of Baghdad, many scholars took an important role in efforts to revitalize Islamic education. They moved to new territories, bringing with them the science and scientific traditions of Baghdad.

The beef cattle farming industry plays an important role in supporting food security and national economic growth. North Sumatra Province is an area with supportive geographical potential and great opportunities for developing this sector. However, several challenges such as low productivity, market competition, and infrastructure limitations still hinder its development. This study aims to analyze the potential and comparative advantages of North Sumatra Province in the development of beef cattle farming and to predict its growth in the future. The methods used are Location Quotient (LQ) analysis and the Growth Ratio Model (MRP). The data used are secondary data from the last three years (2020-2022) obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra Province, the Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, and the North Sumatra Provincial Livestock Office. LQ analysis is used to identify leading commodities in the livestock sector, while MRP is used to predict the growth of the beef cattle industry. The analysis results show that several districts in North Sumatra, such as Deli Serdang, Simalungun, and Asahan, have an LQ greater than 1, indicating that beef cattle farming is a leading sector. Meanwhile, several districts, such as Langkat and Karo, have an LQ less than 1, indicating that this sector has not yet become a base for beef cattle farming. With an MRP of 4.0%, Simalungun shows the highest growth rate, followed by Deli Serdang and Asahan. This research provides an important overview of the potential and challenges of beef cattle farming in North Sumatra Province for appropriate policy-making and the future development of this sector.

This research investigates the role of context in pragmatic interpretation, focusing on how context influences the understanding of meaning in communication. By examining various aspects such as implicature, deixis, presuppositions, and speech acts, the study highlights how speakers and listeners navigate meaning through contextual clues. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data from real-life interactions, including interviews and observations. Findings reveal that context is not just a passive backdrop but an active participant in shaping meaning, particularly in intercultural communication. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and its indispensable role in pragmatic interpretation, offering insights for language teaching, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications.

The aim of this research is to determine the role and importance of communication in implementing the smoke-free area policy in the city of Medan. National research is descriptive research, data collection techniques are carried out by reviewing the literature through collecting secondary data from relevant scientific and international journals. Data analysis uses data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that communication in implementing the smoke-free area policy in the city of Medan has been implemented through outreach efforts or using the media, but has not worked optimally. Communication is an important aspect and indicator in the success of a public policy. Communication plays a very important role in disseminating policies and information, transmitting information, creating partnerships between policy makers and the public, gaining public support, expanding information, maintaining information ethics so as to avoid distorted information. and expanding coordination. Communication also plays a very important role in policy because it helps policy implementers know what must be done, explains the responsibilities and rights of the community so that it encourages the community to implement the smoke-free area policy in the city of Medan.