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Aqidah Akhlak through a literature review that focuses on lecture and discussion methods. In learning Aqidah Akhlak, choosing the right method is the key to success in delivering material and shaping students' character. The lecture method is effective for delivering basic information systematically, while the discussion method emphasizes more on active student involvement and the development of critical thinking skills. This article reviews various scientific literature to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and relevance of both methods in learning Aqidah Akhlak. The results of the study indicate that the use of both methods in an integrated manner can provide more optimal results, with lectures as an introduction and discussions as a deepening of the material. These findings provide a theoretical perspective for educators in designing effective learning strategies.

Mathematics is one of the main skills taught from elementary school to college, playing a role in developing critical and logical thinking patterns of students. However, many elementary school students have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts, especially spatial figures, due to the lack of supporting learning media. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using Trimatra (three-dimensional) media in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Trimatra media, such as three-dimensional models of spatial figures, allows students to visualize and understand the characteristics and relationships between spatial figures in a concrete manner. The results of the literature study show that Trimatra media not only increases students' knowledge of mathematical concepts, but also motivates students to be actively involved in learning, increases critical thinking skills, and overall learning outcomes.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital, digitalization skills, and financial management on the performance of culinary MSMEs in Bojonegoro Regency. The method used is quantitative. The research sample consisted of culinary MSMEs in Bojonegoro which were taken using random sampling techniques. Data were collected through a Likert scale-based questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The results of the study show that capital, digitalization skills, and financial management have a significant positive effect on MSME performance, both partially and simultaneously. Adequate capital provides opportunities for business development, digitalization skills increase competitiveness through efficiency and market reach, while good financial management supports business stability and sustainability. These findings provide practical implications in the form of the need for training, facilitation of access to capital, and increasing financial literacy for MSME actors. This research also provides a basis for local governments to formulate policies that support the development of MSMEs in the digitalization era.

This article discusses the importance of the role of language in communication as a tool for building friendships on campus. Where language not only functions as a means of conveying information, but also functions as a bridge to understand culture, emotions, and personal identity. Interaction between students from different backgrounds on campus requires a thorough understanding of the proper use of spoken and written language. This research reveals how language facilitates social interaction, creates mutual trust, and strengthens bonds between friends. The method used for this research is a qualitative method using observation techniques and interviews with several students fr om various different backgrounds. The results of the observations and interviews conducted show how important language is to be a bridge of communication or as a means for students to interact with each other, besides that language is also a symbol of unity and unity of Indonesian society. In addition, this article also explores the challenges students face when communicating and provides recommendations for improving their communication skills. A thorough understanding of the role of language will help students develop more positive and productive friendships in a campus environment.

Learning technology continues to develop as time goes by. Technology is the science of tools and skills that make humans work more efficiently. The implementation of daily learning often follows technological developments in the world of education, as do teachers and lecturers. In the field of education, technology has an influence on improving the quality of education, types of educational technology, information technology and communication and learning technology have a major role in learning. The role of technology in the field of education is as an information center and doing new things to illustrate learning and determine online learning methods. With increasingly developing technology, it can also provide benefits that have both good and bad impacts. One of the developments in technology has had a good influence by increasing self-openness in terms of expanding knowledge as information for all life in the world across borders, places and times. Negative impacts include changes in behavior, morals, rules or morals of life so that they conflict with the moral rules that apply in society. Therefore, to prevent the negative impact of using technology in learning, it is necessary to supervise parents and educators who work together in carrying out teaching and supervising children in using technology. The presence and function of technology in the world of education provides the development and growth of human resources as a determinant in achieving success in education. This kind of thing is caused by human resources themselves which are still lagging behind in using this technology in training. With today's technological developments in education, there are many new innovations to support learning. In this case, one way is to provide changes in educational facilities which are increasingly increasing and developing rapidly through technology.

This research aims to optimize the use of interactive flipbooks as a literacy learning media in elementary schools. Interactive flipbook media offers an innovative approach in the learning process, combining engaging visualization, interactivity, and digital accessibility that meets the needs of 21st-century students. The method used in this research is a literature review involving the collection, analysis, and synthesis of various literature related to the use of interactive flipbooks in the context of primary education. The results indicate that interactive flipbooks can enhance reading interest, literacy skills, and student comprehension through a combination of text, images, audio, and animation. This media also allows students to learn independently and collaboratively by utilizing interactive features. In addition, interactive flipbooks have proven effective in supporting thematic and integrative learning, which is often implemented in elementary schools. This study recommends the development of curriculum-based interactive flipbooks, teacher training in their use, and the integration of this media into teaching strategies. With proper optimization, interactive flipbooks can become an innovative solution to improve the literacy quality of elementary school students.

Teacher leadership is critical in shaping the educational environment and promoting positive change within schools. Teacher leadership fosters educational innovation and creates supportive learning environments. This study investigates the self-perceived leadership qualities of pre-service teachers, focusing on essential domains of teacher leadership, including self-awareness, leading change, communication, diversity, instructional proficiency, continuous improvement, and self-organization. Utilizing a structured survey instrument adopted and adapted from TLSA (Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment) by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009). Data was gathered from a sample of teacher candidates to assess their competencies in these domains. The teacher candidates were the final-year Primary Teacher Education Program students at Esa Unggul University.  The findings indicate varying levels of readiness among the participants. The categorical analysis provides insights into specific areas where future teachers demonstrate potential and highlights domains where further development may be beneficial. This research contributes to the understanding of teacher leadership in the context of teacher preparation programs and underscores the importance of targeted support in nurturing well-rounded teacher leaders. Implications for curriculum adjustments and the integration of leadership training in teacher education programs are discussed.

The method applied in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and this work examines the pertinent literature between 2020 and 2024. The sources included here were Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar while using the following keywords; digital communication and profitability. The findings indicate that firms that engage in anticipatory digital media communication receive higher customer interactions of between 10-30% and continued patronage and sales. Furthermore, AI and big data help organizations tailor their communication strategies, maximize CLV and minimize operation expenditures. However, the study also revealed that digital skills’ dearth and organizational reluctance to embrace digital technology are a thorn for firms, particularly MSMEs, regarding the appropriate execution of digital communication strategies. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion is that enhanced digital communication can enhance the profitability of the company as long as adequate technological platform and increased digitization of company’s employees are in place. As for the suggestions for future research, they include examining the effects of data privacy legislation on Digital Communications Planning and analyzing how manufacturing and, especially, financial service industries can leverage Digital Technology to create a sustainable competitive advantage.

"Improvement of Short Story Writing Ability Through the Personal Experience of Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar". Thesis of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Makassar Muhammadiyah University.This type of research is a Class Action Research (Class Action Research) which aims to describe the improvement of short story writing skills through the personal experience of students of class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar and describes the process of improving the ability to write short stories through the personal experience of the MA class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar. The instruments used in data collection were tests, observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The data in this study are in the form of tesp there are 24 students and the results of observations in the learning process.The results showed that quantitatively there was an increase in the learning outcomes of short story writing through the personal experience of 24 students, namely on the pretest results, an average score of 56.63%. In the first cycle the average score of student learning outcomes was 68.13%, while the second cycle of student learning outcomes writing short stories through personal experience was 81.74%. In the first cycle, students who finished 9 students or 46.48% and categories of incomplete were 15 students or 53.52%. While in the second cycle category there were 21 students or 89.96% and the incomplete category were 3 people or 10.04% meaning that there was an increase of 13.61%.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of learning to write short stories through the personal experience of students of class XI MA Darul Istiqamah Maccopa Maros Regency can be improved through students' personal experiences.

This study is titled "Analysis of the Level of Digital Marketing Literacy Using the Experiential Learning Method Among Hospitality Students at Politeknik Harapan Bersama." The objective of this research is to evaluate and understand the level of digital marketing literacy possessed by hospitality students at Politeknik Harapan Bersama across various aspects, including the use of information technology, digital communication, online collaboration, and data security. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method, with questionnaires distributed to 26 students. The findings indicate that most students have an excellent level of digital marketing literacy, with an average percentage of 84.78%. However, there are still areas that need improvement, such as understanding digital ethics and selecting valid information. These findings provide valuable insights for developing more effective training programs to enhance digital skills in Hospitality Study Program.

Bilingualism has been widely studied for its cognitive and social benefits. This article explores how bilingualism enhances cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and cross-cultural communication abilities. Using findings from linguistic and sociocultural psychology studies, this research highlights the advantages of bilingualism in promoting intercultural understanding and adaptability in multilingual societies. It concludes that bilingual education plays an important role in global communication.

Pronunciation in a second language (L2) is often influenced by the first language (L1), which can hinder intelligibility. Indonesian speakers struggle with certain English sounds, such as /θ/ and /ð/, due to their absence in the L1 phonetic system. To identify the influence of L1 on L2 pronunciation in the context of English language learning in Indonesia and propose strategies to reduce negative transfer effects. This qualitative study used a case study approach, involving 9 students from an English club at XYZ School. A pronunciation test was conducted to measure phonetic transfer between L1 and L2. Results show that L1 phonetic transfer causes errors in specific phonemes. Words with higher phonetic complexity are more challenging to pronounce correctly. Negative phonetic transfer and a lack of prosodic training were identified as major obstacles. Context-based and intensive phonetic training significantly improves pronunciation skills. L2 pronunciation errors are strongly influenced by L1, phonetic complexity, and individual experience. Contextual learning and individualized approaches positively impact pronunciation improvement.

Microteaching is a simulation or training for prospective teachers to explore the ability of skills in teaching that combines the components of learning. The purpose of this study was to analyse the implementation of microteaching learning in terms of the use of various biology learning media with a touch of technology. The method used is descriptive quantitative with observation sheets and interviews. This research uses a squential explanatory design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods sequentially the first stage of collecting and analysing quantitative data followed by collecting and analysing qualitative data to help explain quantitative results. The results of the study regarding the pattern of using technology-based learning media showed that PowerPoint 92% and learning videos 78% were the most widely used media in microteaching practice. While the level of effectiveness of the media used varies. The 4.6% digital microscope showed a high level of effectiveness even though the frequency of use was still low. This indicates that high technology-based learning media has considerable potential in improving the quality of learning. Furthermore, the analysis of students' digital competence shows that 70% of students have good to very good mastery of technology. Furthermore, creativity in media development shows an even distribution while time management is still a challenge for 35% of students at a sufficient or insufficient level. The use of technology-based learning media in micro teaching has considerable potential, but still faces several challenges. A systematic and comprehensive approach is needed to optimise the use of technology in developing the teaching competence of prospective biology teachers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies have revolutionized language education, providing new opportunities to enhance sociolinguistic awareness and Arabic language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study explores how AI-driven applications and digital platforms support learners in understanding and using various Arabic dialects alongside Modern Standard Arabic. The study uses a qualitative approach to analyse how these technologies bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical communication. The study focuses on tools such as interactive chatbots, speech recognition systems, assistive technologies, virtual assistants, and language learning platforms. These tools align with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for Languages 2020 and Sustainable Development Goals 4 (SDG 4), highlighting their potential to promote inclusive and equitable language education. The study analyses how AI and digital tools contribute to Arabic learning and enhance communicative competence rather than involving testing or experiments. The findings suggest that these technologies offer significant potential for improving language proficiency and addressing diverse learners' needs.

Muhammadiyah is an Islamic movement with the preaching of Amar Makruf Nahi Munkar which is based on Islamic faith and is based on the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. Many things drive the progress of this Muhammadiyah organization, such as the vision-mission, educational concept, goals, and curriculum that are mutually continuous so that Muhammadiyah can process well in the life of society. In Islamic education there are challenges that must be faced by Muhammadiyah because considering the development of Islam is very fast and also flexible and always relevant from time to time. One of the challenges to the development of Islamic education is the advancement of technology. The advancement of science and technology (iptek) requires all parties to be competent so as not to be eroded and crushed by the times. The negative and positive impacts of technological progress must be addressed with the right innovation. Innovation that can be applied by the Muhammadiyah organization is through the field of education. Education is a process that can shape human beings such as potential, personality, intelligence, noble morals, self-control, religion and skills needed in oneself and society.

Literacy is very important for students because literacy skills will affect the success of their learning and their lives. Good literacy skills will help students understand oral, written and visual texts. oral, written, and pictorial/visual texts, therefore, the development of literacy in literacy in learning is always carried out in an integrated manner between listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. This is because the four skills have a very close relationship, although each has certain characteristics. One way that can be do to improve teacher competence in building a Literacy Culture in Madrasahs is through Technical Guidance with the Method of Direct Guidance. Bimtek is an activity that is intended to provide assistance which is generally in the form of advice and guidance and guidance to solve problems / problems that are technical in nature. From the results of research conducted on teachers at MTsN 1 Siak, namely as follows: Organizing Technical Guidance with the Direct Guidance Method can improve teacher competence in building a culture of Literacy in Madrasahs at MTsN 1 Siak in the 2023/2024 academic year. This This is indicated by the score of the observation of the teacher which continues to increase from cycle 1 to cycle 3. In cycle 1 the score obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 1 to cycle 3. obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 2 to 120, and the achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 1 to cycle 3. achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 3.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the problem-based learning model (PBL) in improving the understanding of fiqh material and its implementation in class XI students of MA Plus Anas Bin Malik Lekong Rembuk. The PBL model was chosen because it is considered capable of encouraging active student involvement and developing critical thinking skills through solving real problems that are relevant to everyday life. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach which is implemented in two cycles, each consisting of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection techniques include tests, observations, and interviews. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the understanding of fiqh concepts and active participation of students during the learning process. Students became more enthusiastic, able to express opinions, and demonstrate the ability to apply fiqh values in everyday life. Thus, the PBL model has proven effective in improving the quality of fiqh learning in madrasas and can be used as an alternative innovative learning strategy to improve learning outcomes and student character simultaneously.

The code of ethics for Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers plays an important role in increasing teacher professionalism in Indonesia. In the educational context, professionalism does not only include teaching skills, but also the moral and ethical attitudes that must be applied in carrying out their duties. Codes of ethics provide guidelines for teachers to act in accordance with established standards, which include responsibilities towards students, society and educational institutions. This research aims to analyze how the application of a code of ethics in the practice of Christian religious education can contribute to the development of teacher professionalism, as well as its impact on the quality of learning and the formation of student character. Based on a literature review, it was found that consistent application of a code of ethics helps teachers to maintain their integrity, improve relationships with students, and set a good example in everyday life. Therefore, increasing understanding and implementing a good code of ethics is very necessary to realize quality education that is beneficial for students' spiritual and moral development.

One of the strategic efforts to improve the quality of learning in schools is educational supervision. This study examines how to implement educational supervision to improve learning. Educational supervision includes classroom observation, professional teacher guidance, performance evaluation, and providing constructive criticism. The research methods used include in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, and school supervisors. The results of the study indicate that teachers can improve their pedagogical skills, create a more interactive learning atmosphere, and improve student learning outcomes with effective supervision. Effective supervision also helps teachers create different learning methods that are in accordance with student needs. Therefore, educational supervision plays an important role in building a good learning culture in schools.

This article discusses the critical importance of employee development as a strategic approach to enhance organizational performance. In an increasingly competitive business environment, organizations must prioritize the growth and development of their workforce to maintain a competitive edge. By identifying specific training and development needs, organizations can create tailored programs that effectively improve employees' skills, knowledge, and competencies. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing case studies from several companies in Indonesia to explore various employee development initiatives and their impact on organizational outcomes. The findings indicate that investing in employee development not only enhances individual performance but also contributes significantly to the overall achievement of organizational goals. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of leadership, mentoring, and the integration of technology in facilitating effective employee development strategies. Ultimately, this research underscores the necessity for organizations to adopt comprehensive employee development practices to foster a culture of continuous improvement and engagement.