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The short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is an interesting short story to analyze. This research analyzes the intrinsic elements of the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma which aims to determine the important elements used in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The problem that will be answered in this research is what elements are in the short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The aim of this research is to determine the intrinsic elements of short stories. The research method used is a qualitative method because it is descriptive and leads to analysis by presenting an analysis of the intrinsic elements of the short story. The results of this research show that there are elements found in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma including theme, characters,  plot, setting, point of view, and message. This analysis is useful for finding out what elements are in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The benefit of this research is that it allows viewers of literary works to feel the emotions contained in the literary work, especially literary works in the form of writing, so that the intrinsic elements can reflect individual expressions and are a means of depicting the atmosphere of the story. And literary works become more beautiful and do not abandon the aesthetic value of a literary work.

Lutung Kasarung is a folk tale from West Java that can be famous among the public. This story tells about a handsome prince named Sanghyang Guruminda who was punished by being thrown to earth for making a mistake in the form of a lutung. Sanghyang Guruminda got lost in a forest so he was named Lutung Kasarung. In Sundanese Lutung Kasarung means lost Lutung. The popularity of Lutung Kasarung makes the other two characters, namely Purbasari and Purbararang, look like side characters, in fact, these siblings characters play an important role in the development of the storyline. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements contained in the Lutung Kasarung folklore. The formulation of this story problem includes: How is the journey of lutung kasarung to return to its original form? How is the plot of the lutung kasarung folk story? What mandate can be taken from the folk tale of lutung kasarung?. The research methods used are qualitative methods and Library Studies. Data sources are collected through literature studies that use various literature sources, including articles, journals, and websites that discuss Lutung Kasarung folklore. The analysis used is literary theory according to Meyer Howard Abrams, which is objective theory. An objective approach looks at the work of an autonomous object. It means, literary works can stand alone without involving things that are outside the work such as politics, economy, and others. Therefore, the focus of the objective approach is the work itself. The research results in this story show loyalty and sacrifice in the character of Lutung Kasarung, the characters in this story describe honor and strong inner strength with the outside world. The recommendation from this research is the need for further study development because it is still less related to the symbolism in this folklore, as well as efforts to preserve in folklore as part of cultural identity that can educate the younger generation to still preserve the noble values of our ancestors.

This article discusses the importance of the role of language in communication as a tool for building friendships on campus. Where language not only functions as a means of conveying information, but also functions as a bridge to understand culture, emotions, and personal identity. Interaction between students from different backgrounds on campus requires a thorough understanding of the proper use of spoken and written language. This research reveals how language facilitates social interaction, creates mutual trust, and strengthens bonds between friends. The method used for this research is a qualitative method using observation techniques and interviews with several students fr om various different backgrounds. The results of the observations and interviews conducted show how important language is to be a bridge of communication or as a means for students to interact with each other, besides that language is also a symbol of unity and unity of Indonesian society. In addition, this article also explores the challenges students face when communicating and provides recommendations for improving their communication skills. A thorough understanding of the role of language will help students develop more positive and productive friendships in a campus environment.

General Election (Pemilu) is a fundamental pillar of democracy that often faces various challenges, including legal violations that undermine its integrity. To overcome this, the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Gakkumdu) was formed as a collaboration between Bawaslu, the Police, and the Attorney General's Office to accelerate the handling of election violations. However, the strict handling time limit of 14 working days is a major challenge in achieving fair and effective decisions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the handling time of election violations by Gakkumdu and identify the inhibiting factors. Using a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, this study found that the main obstacles include inter-agency coordination, sectoral ego, limited human resources, and lack of supporting technology. In addition, differences in legal interpretation and low public legal awareness also slowed down the enforcement process. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Gakkumdu handling time is not optimal and requires policy reform. Recommendations include simplifying procedures, cross-agency training, utilizing technology, and educating the public. These reforms are expected to improve election integrity and support a fairer democracy.

This article aims to analyze the representation of the journalist profession in the novel Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra. Through Alfred Schutzl's representation theory approach, this study explores how the journalist profession is depicted in facing ethical, social, and professional challenges. The main focus of this study is on the character of Hanum who struggles to find sources, compose articles with sensitive themes, and face moral dilemmas amidst the issue of Islamophobia after the 9/11 tragedy. This study uses a qualitative method with text analysis to reveal the journalism process that Hanum undergoes as a reflection of the dynamics of the profession in the real world. The findings show that the journalist profession is depicted as a job that requires integrity, courage, and the ability to bridge different perspectives in stressful situations. This article is expected to provide insight into how literary works can represent the journalist profession and inspire further discussion on the role of journalism in shaping public perception.

This research is motivated by the low number of sales of typical food products in Dua Koto District, which is caused by the lack of promotion and innovation of products. The purpose of this research is to analyse the right strategy to increase product sales in the future. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the most effective strategy is the ST strategy, which utilises existing strengths to overcome various threats that arise. This strategy includes increasing promotions, product innovation, and improving service quality to make products more competitive in the market. With the implementation of this strategy, it is expected that managers and sellers of typical food products can be more active in promoting their products, both through social media and direct marketing. In addition, innovations in packaging and product variations also need to be considered in order to attract more consumers. If this strategy is implemented optimally, it is expected that the number of sales of typical food products in Kecamatan Dua Koto will increase significantly in the future.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

Microteaching is a simulation or training for prospective teachers to explore the ability of skills in teaching that combines the components of learning. The purpose of this study was to analyse the implementation of microteaching learning in terms of the use of various biology learning media with a touch of technology. The method used is descriptive quantitative with observation sheets and interviews. This research uses a squential explanatory design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods sequentially the first stage of collecting and analysing quantitative data followed by collecting and analysing qualitative data to help explain quantitative results. The results of the study regarding the pattern of using technology-based learning media showed that PowerPoint 92% and learning videos 78% were the most widely used media in microteaching practice. While the level of effectiveness of the media used varies. The 4.6% digital microscope showed a high level of effectiveness even though the frequency of use was still low. This indicates that high technology-based learning media has considerable potential in improving the quality of learning. Furthermore, the analysis of students' digital competence shows that 70% of students have good to very good mastery of technology. Furthermore, creativity in media development shows an even distribution while time management is still a challenge for 35% of students at a sufficient or insufficient level. The use of technology-based learning media in micro teaching has considerable potential, but still faces several challenges. A systematic and comprehensive approach is needed to optimise the use of technology in developing the teaching competence of prospective biology teachers.

This study aims to examine the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan and its impact on improving the competence of students. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed three main findings. 1) In quality management planning, SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan conducts customer identification by emphasizing the importance of leaders who understand the needs of internal and external customers for the success of educational programs. 2) The implementation of quality management focuses on customers through periodic meetings with teachers, staff, and parents to evaluate the program and hear feedback related to customer satisfaction. 3) The principal's total involvement in communication and cooperation with stakeholders, including teachers, staff and parents, has been proven to improve the quality of education and learners' competencies. Overall, the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan has succeeded in creating an educational atmosphere that supports the optimal development of learners' competencies.

This study aims to examine the impact of social media on the religiosity of students at Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ), focusing on both the positive and negative effects, as well as the factors influencing these outcomes. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, relying on literature review and data collection through observations of social media use in students' religious activities. The findings indicate that social media can strengthen religiosity by providing access to religious content, forming religious communities, and enhancing religious knowledge. However, challenges such as the spread of hoaxes and the diversion of attention from worship also exist. In conclusion, careful management of social media is essential to maximize its positive impact on students' religiosity. The study recommends improving digital religious literacy, critical religious education, and guidance in social media use.

This research aims at concrete efforts by PAI teachers in overcoming students' problems, especially in the religious field. This research uses qualitative methods and data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation at Rabbi Radhiyya IT Middle School. The results of this research are the application of counseling guidance in Islamic boarding school learning at Rabbi Radhiyya IT Middle School using exemplary methods, habituation, advice and female studies. Apart from that, the factor that supports PAI teachers in dealing with problem students is the existence of spiritual activities, while the inhibiting factor is the limited time that PAI teachers have in carrying out their duties to solve student problems.

Understanding the impact of digital technology on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) in Makassar City is the aim of the research. The descriptive qualitative method used in this research is collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. Research shows that this has a significant positive impact on the profits of UMKM in Makassar City from Digitalization. On the other hand, one of the factors that hinders UMKM actors in terms of the effectiveness of digitalization is the ability to utilize technological media as an indicator of digital economic performance.

This research was conducted to determine the appropriate CV Restu Mande business strategy design using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) in achieving export targets. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection carried out in this research was interviews with the leadership of CV Restu Mande, observation both directly and indirectly, and documentation. The SWOT analysis carried out in this research produces a SWOT matrix as a recommendation for CV Restu Mande's business strategy. The results of the SWOT analysis, SWOT matrix, and proposed new Business Model Canvas at CV Restu Mande are that in the customer segments section, target consumers are added in the form of Indonesian communities abroad, in the channels section, websites, international e-commerce and overseas retail need to be added, in the customer relationship section, rewards need to be added for resellers, dropshippers and loyal customers, in the key resources section we need to add production facilities, in the key activities section we need to add more interesting and detailed marketing activities, in the key partnership section we need to add agent collaboration. or distributors, loyal customers, production partners, and international trade consultants or experts, and in the cost structure section it is necessary to focus on investment in production facilities.

This study analyzes the procedures for employee payroll documentation and data transfer at PT PLN Nusantara Power Services to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of human resource (HR) administration. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through library and field research. The findings indicate that digitalizing HR administration improves operational efficiency, transparency, and compliance with regulations. Digital transformation also minimizes errors and supports data risk management. The author's internship experience highlights the importance of responsibility and accuracy in data management to meet professional standards. This research contributes to the development of technology-based administrative systems in the energy sector.  

The Boba Beverage business was established with the aim of meeting the public demand for boba drinks that are currently popular. Boba is a tapioca ball that is often the filling of bubble tea drinks. To achieve its vision and mission, Estela Boba needs the right strategy to increase sales and compete with other boba beverage companies that have entered the market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies used by Estela Boba in increasing sales through the use of modern technology. The research method used is a qualitative method with interview and observation techniques. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The final result of the research is that there are several strategies used while running the “es te la” business.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the fulfillment of socio-economic rights of the community in Rote Ndao Regency, as one of the underdeveloped regions in Indonesia, and to identify the obstacles faced by the local government in its efforts to fulfill them. Socio-economic rights, such as access to education, health, employment, and public services, are part of the human rights guaranteed by the constitution. However, their implementation often encounters various obstacles in areas with less developed socio-economic conditions. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document studies, and field observations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of socio-economic rights in Rote Ndao Regency is still not optimal. This can be seen from the low level of community access to educational facilities, health services, and basic infrastructure. On the other hand, the local government faces a number of significant obstacles, such as budget constraints, lack of adequate infrastructure, low quality of human resources, geographical barriers, and weak coordination between agencies. As a solution, this study recommends increasing budget allocations for priority sectors, developing basic infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources through education and training, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. In addition, active community involvement in the planning and implementation of development programs is also very important to improve the effectiveness of policies. The results of this study are expected to contribute to local governments and other stakeholders in formulating more effective strategies to accelerate the fulfillment of people's socio-economic rights, while improving the quality of life in Rote Ndao Regency.

This study aims to examine the development of clean water infrastructure in Dumai City to fulfill the community's clean water requirements. The clean water infrastructure possessed by the City of Dumai has failed to satisfy the comprehensive needs of the population. Consequently, the government addresses this issue by developing air infrastructure and implementing additional measures to resolve it. This scientific endeavor employs a descriptive qualitative method and the researcher’s observation. The study's findings reveal that PDAM Tirta Dumai Bersemai in Dumai City has failed to satisfy the water requirements of its residents. Consequently, development is requisite via multiple initiatives, including the establishment of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) through Public Private Partnership (PPP), the National Urban Water Supply Project (NUSWP), and Regional SPAM Development via DUROLIS Regional SPAM (Dumai - Rokan Hilir – Bengkalis).

Mount Merapi, Indonesia's most active volcano, poses significant threats to the Stabelan Hamlet situated nearby. This study delves into the community's indigenous knowledge, residing about 3 km from Mount Merapi's summit, in confronting volcanic eruption disasters. Employing qualitative methods, the research elucidates local customs and ancestral beliefs crucial for disaster readiness. Interviews provide primary data, complemented by secondary sources like journals and news. Employing purposive sampling, data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman model. Findings reveal the Stabelan Hamlet's adeptness in employing local wisdom like creating bonfires, maintaining calm during eruptions, and interpreting dreams as disaster coping mechanisms. This indigenous wisdom not only shapes preparedness but also preserves cultural heritage local wisdom, The community's receptiveness ensures the integration of traditional practices alongside contemporary disaster management strategies mandated by the government.

This study aims to examine the role of housewives in waste reduction through the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles, serving as a means to influence waste management behaviors and foster the adoption of a community-driven circular economy. This approach is designed to involve the broader business environment and city government. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the collection of data and information without reliance on quantitative calculations.The findings highlight that the participation of housewives plays a significant role in engaging individuals and groups in waste management activities. The study underscores the importance of community involvement in providing suggestions, expressing opinions, and actively participating in waste management initiatives. The research emphasizes that housewives play a critical role in waste collection, aligning with the principles of 3R. This role contributes to fostering clean and healthy living behaviors within communities, reinforcing the essential contribution of housewives in achieving sustainable waste management practices.