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Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan merupakan suatu program pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk mengajarkan prinsip-prinsip pragmatis dan prosedural yang berusaha untuk mengembangkan sifat kemanusiaan, budaya, serta memberikan kekuatan kepada individu, hususnya siswa, agar mereka dapat menjadi warga negara yang baik sesuai dengan tuntutan yang diakui secara moral dan konstitusional oleh  negara. Pada pembelajaran kewarganegaraan ada tiga yang menjadi dasar dalam pembelajaran yang salah satunya adalah mengembangkan kecerdasan warga negara, membina tanggung jawab warga negara, serta mendorong partisipasi warga negara dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Permasalahan Prioritas yang dihadapi adalah di SD Negeri 095207 Sorba Tonduhan, yaitu keterbatasan pembelajaran berbasisi proyek, tidak tersedianya fasilitas pendukung seperti computer yang ada di lingkungan sekolah tersebut. Kompetensi Guru dalam Pengelolaan Pembelajaran kurang Kreatif: Kompetensi pedagogik guru dalam merancang pembelajaran yang interaktif dan berbasis konteks lokal masih terbatas. Penggunaan metode pembelajaran tradisional cenderung mendominasi, sehingga kurang menarik bagi siswa. Solusi yang diberikan adalah berupa pembelajaran proyek penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek, Dimana pembelajaran berbasis proyek melibatkan antara guru dengan siswa. Guru berperan aktif dalam memotivasi siswa dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Guru mempunyai masukan dan kreativitas yang besar serta dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar untuk membantu siswa mencapai hasil belajar yang baik, (Magdalena et al., 2024). Menurut (Norhikmah et al., 2022), Model pembelajaran berbasis proyek menuntut siswa untuk membuat proyek yang berkaitan dengan mata pelajaran terkait. Proyek pada pembelajaran ini dibangun berdasar ide-ide para siswa yang berasal dari keresahan permasalahan riil, sehingga peserta didik terjun secara langsung dalam memecahkan masalah.

The ability to analyze ethical and health law issues is one of the learning outcomes that must be mastered by students of the Public Health Study Program. Over the past two years, the implementation of lectures has been predominantly based on problem-based learning; however, most student learning outcomes have remained in the “not yet achieved” category, including in completing assignments related to ethical and health law problem solving. This study aims to compare students’ problem-solving abilities between the implementation of project-based learning and problem-based learning. The research was conducted in the Public Health Study Program at Universitas Jambi involving first-semester students enrolled in the Ethics and Health Law course. The research employed a quasi-experimental design involving 200 students, with 100 students assigned to the experimental group and 100 students to the control group. The instruments used were assessment sheets and observation sheets. Data collection was carried out twice, before and after the implementation of the two learning models. Data processing and analysis were conducted using an independent t-test.The results of the study indicate an improvement in students’ problem-solving abilities through the implementation of project-based learning. Project-based learning contributes to strengthening students’ perseverance and problem-solving skills and is therefore recommended for implementation in all courses at higher education institutions.

Education in the modern era requires students not only to master cognitive knowledge, but also to have the ability to think critically, analytically, creatively, and problem solving skills independently. Therefore, the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and the Learning Strategy for Improving Thinking Ability (SPPKB) is considered relevant and ideal in the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK) to integrate faith values with the reality of daily life. This study uses a literature study method by examining scientific journals, books, and academic articles to analyze the definition, essence, characteristics, and steps of PBL which include the introduction of authentic cases, problem solving, investigation planning, independent learning, solution synthesis, presentation of results, and reflection. PBL has proven to be effective in increasing learning motivation, collaboration, and internalization of Christian moral values, although it has limitations in the relatively long time requirement and the demands of teacher competence as facilitators. Meanwhile, SPPKB emphasizes intellectual stimulus, exploration of ideas, data processing, in-depth analysis, and metacognitive reflection to form a systematic and independent mindset in dealing with religious ethical issues. These two student-centered learning strategies complement each other in forming students who are dynamic, reflective, critical, and responsible as Christian personalities through flexible and contextual learning adaptations in PAK.

The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is a teaching strategy that focuses on students being the main participants in their education by engaging in the resolution of actual problems. This article looks into how PBL is applied in the classroom, its effects on enhancing students' critical thinking abilities, and the primary attributes of this model that aid in developing problem-solving skills. PBL consists of five key phases: identifying a challenge, organizing research efforts, performing both individual and group inquiries, gathering and sharing findings, and reflecting on the process. These phases create a learning experience that promotes teamwork, self-directed research, and thorough analysis of information. Findings from this research reveal that PBL significantly enhances students' critical thinking skills, particularly in areas like analysis, assessment of evidence, solution formulation, and articulating arguments logically. Furthermore, features of PBL, which include prioritizing students, addressing real-world issues, fostering self-directed learning, encouraging group collaboration, and positioning the teacher as a guide, play a crucial role in enhancing problem-solving capabilities. By tackling issues that relate to their daily lives, PBL motivates students to independently build knowledge, foster innovation, and reinforce their autonomy in the learning journey.

This study aims to determine the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving Civic Education (PKn) learning outcomes among fourth-grade students at SDI Harekakae, Malaka Regency. This research employed an experimental method using a post-test only control group design. The population consisted of all fourth-grade students, with class IV B serving as the experimental group and class IV C as the control group, totaling 42 students. The experimental group was taught using the Problem-Based Learning model, while the control group was taught without applying the model. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observations, and documentation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved an average score of 85 out of an ideal score of 100 with a standard deviation of 8.25, while the control class obtained an average score of 62.6. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model significantly improves students’ Civic Education learning outcomes. Therefore, the Problem-Based Learning model is recommended as an innovative alternative to enhance the effectiveness of Civic Education learning in elementary schools.

The Pada era society 5.0, pembelajaran abad 21 diarahkan agar memfasilitasi beberapa ketrampilan, diantaranya ketrampilan berpikir kritis, pemecahan masalah dan penggunaan teknologi dan media. Perkuliahan Komputer Akuntansi belum menggunakan bahan ajar yang dapat memfasilitasi perkembangan ketrampilan tersebut, sehingga banyak mahasiswa yang kesulitan memahami materi dan dalam melaksanakan praktik penggunaan software atau suatu program keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan bahan ajar dengan mengaplikasikan case method yang sesuai diterapkan pada pembelajaran Komputer Akuntansi. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development, R&D). Model pengembangan mengacu pada model pengembangan Borg & Gall yang oleh Thiagarajan dimodifikasi menjadi tiga tahap, yakni define, design, dan develop. Angket digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Dari hasil uji kelayakan penggunaan media diperoleh penilaian sebagai berikut, ahli media sebanyak 88%, dan dari ahli materi sebanyak 99,04%. Disamping itu hasil uji coba terbatas menunjukkan tanggapan positif dari mahasiswa sebesar 95,21%. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar dengan pendekatan case method  layak digunakan pada proses pembelajaran Komputer Akuntansi

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan evolusi paradigma pembelajaran, sebuah konsep. Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi dan Blended Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran untuk Abad 21. Proses pembelajaran tidak terlepas dari interaksi dengan teknologi, khususnya teknologi berbasis internet. Pelajar saat ini adalah generasi milenial dan generasi Z yang sangat akrab dengan teknologi. Informasi dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, guru perlu mampu beradaptasi dengan situasi yang ada. Blended learning adalah pendekatan inovatif yang mengkombinasikan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dan daring, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di era digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan perkembangan paradigma pembelajaran, sebuah konsep. Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi dan Blended Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran di Abad 21. Proses pembelajaran tidak terlepas dari hubungan dengan teknologi, khususnya teknologi yang berbasis internet. Pelajar pada masa kini adalah generasi milenial dan generasi Z yang sangat akrab dengan teknologi. Informasi dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, pendidik  perlu mampu beradaptasi dengan situasi-situasi tertentu. Blended learning adalah pendekatan inovatif yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dan daring, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran di era digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami penerapan model blended learning di STAI Al-Azhary Mamuju dan dampaknya terhadap efektivitas pembelajaran serta pengembangan kompetensi siswa di abad 21. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang menganalisis data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara.Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran campuran secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa, sehingga berujung pada peningkatan hasil belajar. Di samping itu, model ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21 seperti kolaborasi, komunikasi, dan pemecahan masalah. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembelajaran blended learning tidak hanya mendukung peningkatan prestasi akademik tetapi juga mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi tantangan pekerjaan yang semakin yang kompetitif atau komplek.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

This research aims to explore the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in an effort to improve the learning outcomes of class X IPS E students at SMA Negeri 10 Medan, especially in geographic research material. The background to this research is revealed by the low learning achievement of students, where only 40% of them achieved the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). PBL was chosen as an approach because this method can encourage students to actively participate in the learning process through solving real problems, which is expected to improve their critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding. This research methodology involves systematic planning, data collection through observations and tests, and comprehensive data analysis. The research results show that the implementation of PBL significantly improves student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, there was an increase in understanding of concepts and evaluation values, which further developed in the second cycle with better results. This research concludes that PBL is effective in improving student learning outcomes in geography material and recommends teachers to apply innovative learning methods in the teaching and learning process.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dan Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa kelas V di SDIT Al Hidayah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest control group design, melibatkan dua kelompok eksperimen yang masing-masing diberikan perlakuan berbeda: NHT dan STAD. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai post-test siswa yang diajar dengan model NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model STAD. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa data kelas NHT berdistribusi normal, sementara data kelas STAD tidak berdistribusi normal pada uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov, tetapi berdistribusi normal pada uji Shapiro-Wilk. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa model NHT memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, sedangkan model STAD tidak. Uji ANOVA juga menegaskan bahwa model NHT secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Kesimpulannya, model pembelajaran NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa dibandingkan dengan model STAD.

This research aims to: (1) describe how much logical thinking ability increases in students who are taught using the problem-based learning model; (2) describe how much logical thinking ability increases in students who are taught using conventional learning models; and (3) analyze the influence of the problem-based learning model on students' logical thinking abilities. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Data collection techniques use logical thinking ability tests (pretest and posttest). The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The research results show that: (1) the logical thinking ability of students taught using the problem-based learning model has increased by 0.75 (high category) with an average pretest score of 9.40 and posttest of 26.30; (2) the logical thinking ability of students taught using conventional learning models increased by 0.22 (low category) with an average pretest score of 12.53 and posttest of 17.17; (3) there is a significant influence of the problem-based learning model on students' logical thinking abilities, which is proven by a probability value of 0.001 <significant 0.05.    

This study reviews various literature related to the implementation of game-based learning models in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Game-based learning has proven effective in motivating students, increasing interaction, and developing mathematical problem solving skills. This article presents a summary of key findings from relevant studies, highlighting the application of the strategy and the positive impact that this approach can have in the context of mathematics learning.      

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

Dalam mata kuliah Manajemen Produk halal,  Model pemecahan kasus (case method) merupakan model paling tepat untuk meningkatkan kualitas partisipasi kelas dalam pemecahan pembelajaran. Hal ini akan menjadikan mahasiswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran Student Centered Learning (SCL) dapat menggali masalah dalam industri halal, serta menganalisis kasus yang dialami dalam kasus (case method) halal value chain UMKM di kota jambi, yang kemudian akan dibahas dalam kelas. Model penggalian berbasis masalah, sangat tepat untuk melatih kemampuan mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan memecahkan masalah. Nilai akhir dari proses pembelajaran  menunjukkan bahwa Studi Kasus Halal Value Chain sangat berhasil, dan tidak ada siswa yang gagal selama mengerjakan model PJBL.

Rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa khususnya pada materi SPLDV disebabkan karena kurangnya perhatian dan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, kesulitan siswa dalam memahami soal-soal SPLDV yang berbentuk cerita, pembelajaran yang kurang inovatif serta siswa yang kurang aktif dan kreatif dalam mengkonstruksi ide-ide pemecahan masalah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yaitu melalui model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa minimal tuntas klasikal melalui model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes, observasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini di peroleh bahwa: (1) Menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematis dilihat dari hasil tes siswa meningkat secara individual, pada siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan yaitu dari nilai rata-rata 58,33 menjadi 84,91 setelah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. (2) Menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa secara klasikal, pada siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan yaitu dari 43,33% menjadi 93,33% setelah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa sebaiknya menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah.

This research is motivated by a number of problems, namely the implementation of problem-based learning models in PAI subjects at SMP N 01 Sungai Aur has not been maximally implemented, because it is constrained by the time spent in the teaching and learning process, resulting in some students not understanding the material being taught or requiring reinstatement of the material. The type of research used in this study is using qualitative research. The key informant in this study was the PAI teacher at SMP 01 Sungai Aur, namely Ibuk Asniyan Warti S.Pd. The key informants in this study were students of SMP 01 Sungai Aur who took part in the lesson. The data collection technique is by using documentation, observation, and interviews. The drawback of this model is that it takes a long time for children to get used to it. This PBL model uses many complex techniques for children to understand.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen tes berbasis etnomatematika untuk melatih kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMP yang valid, praktis serta efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan Tessmer tipe formative evaluation yang meliputi 4 tahapan yaitu : (1) tahap preliminary, (2) tahap self evaluation, (3) tahap prototyping, dan (4) tahap field tes. Berdasarkan uji validitas, instrumen tes berbasis etnomatematika dinyatakan valid dengan koefisien validitas sebesar 0,99. Hasil uji reliabilitas diperoleh skor total 0,90 yang berarti reliabilitas instrumen tes termasuk pada kategori sangat tinggi. Hasil uji tingkat kesukaran tergolong sedang dengan perolehan skor rata-rata 0,61. Hasil uji daya beda diperoleh skor akhir 0,25 yang berarti instrumen tes termasuk kategori cukup dalam artian dapat membedakan siswa yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah tinggi dan rendah. Hasil uji tingkat kepraktisan menunjukkan hasil positif dengan perolehan rata-rata angket guru dan siswa sebesar 86%. Hasil analisis data kemampuan pemecahan masalah diperoleh skor akhir 61,3% dengan kategori baik. Hasil uji tingkat keefektifan diperoleh persentase 62,5% sehingga dapat disimpulkan instrumen tes yang dikembangkan memenuhi tingkat keefektifan dengan kategori baik.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the problem-based learning model with the following research variables: (1) teacher activity; (2) student activities; (3) students' cognitive learning outcomes; and (4) students' responses by applying the Problem-Based learning model to the Basic Spices material and their Derivatives. This research was conducted in class X Culinary 3 SMKN 2 Mojokerto.             This type of research is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental. This research was applied to class X Culinary 3 with a total of 33 students. The data in the study were obtained by several methods, namely: observation, written test (pre-test, post-test), and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test.             The results of the study show: (1) the teacher's activities are in the very good category; (2) student activity is in very good category; (3) Resultspre-testand the student post-test with paired t test showed a significant value of 0.001 <0.005; (4) student responses are in very good category.