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Teacher leadership is critical in shaping the educational environment and promoting positive change within schools. Teacher leadership fosters educational innovation and creates supportive learning environments. This study investigates the self-perceived leadership qualities of pre-service teachers, focusing on essential domains of teacher leadership, including self-awareness, leading change, communication, diversity, instructional proficiency, continuous improvement, and self-organization. Utilizing a structured survey instrument adopted and adapted from TLSA (Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment) by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009). Data was gathered from a sample of teacher candidates to assess their competencies in these domains. The teacher candidates were the final-year Primary Teacher Education Program students at Esa Unggul University.  The findings indicate varying levels of readiness among the participants. The categorical analysis provides insights into specific areas where future teachers demonstrate potential and highlights domains where further development may be beneficial. This research contributes to the understanding of teacher leadership in the context of teacher preparation programs and underscores the importance of targeted support in nurturing well-rounded teacher leaders. Implications for curriculum adjustments and the integration of leadership training in teacher education programs are discussed.

This study is a field research that attempts to see the extent of the application of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning yellow books at the Tarbiyatul Aulad Sukadana Islamic Boarding School, Kayong Utara Regency. The success or failure of learning can be seen from the accuracy in choosing the method. This study aims to describe how the planning, implementation and supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning yellow books at the Tarbiyatul Aulad Sukadana Islamic Boarding School, Kayong Utara Regency. The data collection methods used in this study are; observation , interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that 1) The planning of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning yellow books at the Tarbiyatul Aulad Islamic Boarding School includes a) the ustadz first reads the learning objectives in the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method guidebook b) the ustadz first muthala'ah again the material to be delivered, c) the ustadz tells the students to memorize vocabulary and nadzhom imrithi and alfiyah related to the material to be studied. 2) The implementation of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning yellow books at the Tarbiyatul Aulad Islamic Boarding School includes the following steps : Opening with Prayer and Intention, Introduction to Vocabulary (Mufradat), Gradual Understanding of Nahwu and Shorof Rules, Application of Rules Through Practical Exercises, Memorizing Vocabulary and Rules, Dialogue and Light Conversation (Muhadatsah), Reading and Translating Texts, Periodic Evaluation and Tests, Reinforcement with Yellow Books (Advanced Level) . 3) supporting factors: availability of competent Ustadz, structured and gradual curriculum, student discipline in memorizing and muthala'ah, supportive learning environment, inhibiting factors: differences in academic background of students, limited learning time, lack of supporting learning media, physical fatigue of students.

In increasingly advanced digital era, the professionalism of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers has become extremely important. CRE teachers must not only possess strong academic abilities but also be prepared to face new challenges in the implementation of technology in the teaching and learning process. The Society 5.0 era demands integration between the virtual and real worlds, where advancements in information and communication technology have transformed the way education is delivered, including in CRE practices. The professionalism of CRE teachers in this era is determined by their mastery of 21st-century competencies, which include critical thinking, creativity, innovation, collaboration, and digital literacy. Therefore, CRE teachers must be able to develop innovative and engaging learning materials. This can be achieved by utilizing video tutorials, virtual simulations, and technology-based interactive games to enhance student engagement and the quality of learning. Thus, strengthening the professionalism of CRE teachers not only focuses on academic aspects but also on the application of Christian ethical values within a dynamic and digital learning environment.

Mathematics anxiety can reduce students' ability to understand and solve mathematical problems, thus affecting their overall attitude towards mathematics. Mathematics anxiety, a psychological factor that can affect students' learning achievement in mathematics learning in high school, makes it the most challenging subject in school. This study aimed to identify the effect of mathematics anxiety on students' learning achievement at the high school level and to analyze strategic factors that can help reduce mathematics anxiety for students. This study used a quantitative method with an ex post facto research type with a correlational design. The population was grade X high school students in South Tangerang, with a sample size of 84. The side technique used cluster random sampling. Data collection used an instrument in the form of a mathematics anxiety and learning achievement questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out through partial correlation and multiple correlation with a significance level of 0.05, and the prerequisite test analysis used normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. The results showed that mathematics anxiety influenced by self-efficacy factors, classroom climate, and academic support from parents and peers significantly affected students' learning achievement in high school. Schools can facilitate a more conducive learning environment to minimize mathematics anxiety and improve learning outcomes. Implementing a learning program that is psychologically responsive and adaptive to students' needs is expected to improve students' mathematics achievement significantly..  

In the era of digital transformation, online learning has become a dominant mode of education, emphasizing the need for intercultural competence to ensure inclusivity and equity. This study explores strategies for fostering intercultural competence in online learning environments by examining best practices in curriculum design, communication, and technological integration. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews with educators and students from diverse cultural backgrounds. The findings reveal that interactive learning activities, culturally responsive pedagogy, and adaptive learning technologies significantly enhance students’ intercultural competence. The study highlights the importance of fostering a supportive online community, encouraging cross-cultural collaboration, and implementing inclusive instructional strategies. These insights contribute to the development of equitable education policies that address cultural diversity in virtual classrooms.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized and adaptive learning environments has revolutionized the education sector by offering customized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs. This study explores the role of AI in enhancing adaptive learning through data-driven insights, intelligent tutoring systems, and real-time feedback mechanisms. By employing machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, AI-driven platforms can analyze student performance, predict learning patterns, and deliver personalized content. The study highlights the effectiveness of AI in addressing diverse learning styles, improving engagement, and optimizing educational outcomes. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of AI in fostering inclusive education and lifelong learning. The findings suggest that AI-powered learning environments significantly enhance student-centered education, promoting efficiency and accessibility.

This study aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in learning science and to analyze the internal and external factors that influence them. This research is motivated by the low success rate of students in science courses, which is thought to be due to multiple obstacles involving cognitive, affective, and learning environment aspects. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and surveys of students enrolled in science courses at universities. The findings show that internal factors, such as self-efficacy, basic mathematical skills, and intrinsic motivation, play a significant role in influencing students’ understanding of science material. On the other hand, external factors, including curriculum, teaching methods, environmental support, and facility limitations, also have a substantial impact. This study suggests improvements in curriculum reform at the elementary and secondary levels, more interactive teaching methods, and adequate academic support to help students overcome difficulties in science courses. These findings are expected to provide insights for educational institutions and educators in designing more effective learning strategies to enhance students' competencies in science.

The lack of critical thinking skills among students is one of the major issues in modern education systems. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of traditional education systems that fail to provide space for the development of students' critical thinking skills and explore the relevance of Ivan Illich's critical education approach. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to understand Illich's Deschooling Society concept and connect it to educational phenomena in Indonesia, such as the Merdeka Curriculum, homeschooling, and project-based schools. The findings show that Illich's critical education approach can be applied to modern education systems to create more inclusive, flexible, and empowering learning environments. Illich's learning webs concept is relevant for enhancing student engagement in learning and building their critical thinking abilities. This study recommends educational reform that focuses on individual empowerment, creativity development, and improving analytical skills to face global challenges.

Effective communication between schools and the community is an essential element in supporting student learning success. This study aims to describe the role of effective communication between SMPN 12 Bandung and the community in facilitating student learning. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through interviews and observations. Data analysis followed three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The study's subject was the vice principal in charge of public relations. The findings indicate that communication between SMPN 12 Bandung and the community is well-established, enabling the school to implement various programs and activities to support student learning. These findings underscore the importance of effective communication as a means to strengthen collaboration between schools and the community. Good communication not only ensures the successful implementation of educational programs but also fosters a conducive learning environment and encourages active student participation in learning. Thus, effective communication serves as a key pillar in building collaboration among schools, the community, and students to achieve educational goals.

This study aimed to examine and comprehend the cognitive development of young children, particularly those between the ages of five and six, at Tk Cerdas Ceria. Direct observation of the children's activities and learning process at Tk Cerdas Ceria was used in this study. Teachers' interviews and field reports were used to gather data. The findings demonstrated that children between the ages of 5 and 6 had substantial cognitive development, as seen by improved language use, problem-solving, and logical thinking abilities. Youngsters started to solve basic problems, comprehend cause-and-effect relationships, and classify items. An engaging learning environment, a range of varied learning activities, and the active involvement of parents and instructors all have an impact on this.

The purpose of this writing is to find out about the basic concepts in learning motivation. By using qualitative research methods, with a literature review approach. Understanding the concept of learning motivation is very important, especially for educators because it can help in creating a supportive and effective learning environment. Learning motivation is the foundation for a student in achieving academic success. Without strong motivation, the teaching and learning process will not take place optimally. Therefore, learning motivation has become a very relevant topic of study for educators, psychologists, and education observers around the world. In this work, readers will be presented with a comprehensive understanding of the concept of learning motivation, the theories that underlie it, and the factors that influence motivation in the context of education. In learning activities, motivation can be said to be the overall driving force within a person that gives rise to learning activities, which guarantees the continuity of learning activities and provides direction to learning activities, so that the goals desired by the learning subject can be achieved.

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the teacher's code of ethics on the student learning process. The research used quantitative research methods with a sample of 100 secondary school teachers and 200 students. The research results show that a teacher's code of ethics has a significant impact on the learning process, especially on improving the quality of teaching, developing students' self-confidence, and creating a positive learning environment. A teacher's code of ethics also influences students' learning motivation and academic achievement. Therefore, there is a need to increase awareness and practice of teachers' codes of ethics in the learning process. The Teacher Code of Ethics provides guidelines for teachers in carrying out their duties as educators, community members and citizens. This Code of Ethics is designed to ensure that teachers act and behave in accordance with high moral and professional standards. The influence of a teacher's code of ethics on the learning process can be studied from various aspects, such as: B. Teacher behavior in the classroom, teacher-student relationships, and teacher professional development efforts. The Teacher Code of Ethics emphasizes the importance of developing positive professional relationships with students. Teachers who adhere to a code of ethics tend to care more about students' welfare, respect differences, and create an inclusive learning environment. Additionally, students' personal data will be treated as confidential and data breaches will be prevented.    

Education plays a vital role in shaping the character and quality of human resources, with teachers as key figures who serve as educators, mentors, and role models for students. One crucial factor that significantly impacts a teacher's success is the application of the professional code of ethics, which serves as a moral and professional guide in carrying out their duties. This code of ethics governs the attitudes, behaviors, and responsibilities of teachers toward students, the community, and colleagues. The implementation of the code of ethics not only ensures the integrity and professionalism of teachers but also influences the teacher-student relationship, ultimately fostering a conducive learning environment.The teacher's code of ethics functions as a moral guideline that regulates the behavior, attitudes, and responsibilities of teachers toward students, society, and fellow colleagues. The application of this code of ethics greatly impacts the relationship between teachers and students in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the application of the teacher's code of ethics and its effects on interactions that occur in the classroom. A qualitative approach was used in this research to explore the experiences and perspectives of both teachers and students regarding the implementation of the code of ethics in teaching. The results indicate that the application of the code of ethics strengthens the professional relationship between teachers and students, creates a fair, inclusive, and respectful learning environment. The teacher's code of ethics encourages teachers to act with fairness, maintain integrity, and uphold confidentiality, which positively affects the quality of learning. However, challenges in its implementation, such as balancing emotional closeness and professionalism and ensuring objectivity in assessment, must still be addressed. Overall, consistent implementation of the code of ethics can foster healthy, productive relationships and support the creation of a more effective and dignified learning process.      

The focus of research are : 1. What are the Perceptions of Intensive Program Students towards Study Discipline at IDIA 2. What are the Supporting and Inhibiting Factors for Learning Discipline at IDIA in the Intensive Program. In this research, researcher used a qualitative approach. The data collection method in this research uses interviews and documentation. And the informants in this research came from Mudir Ma'had Lil-Banat, Naibah Mudir Ma'had Lil-Banat, academic section teacher, Student Executive Council Boarding Ma’had (BEMA), and IDIA intensive program students. The perception of intensive program students towards the learning discipline at IDIA is very positive. This can be seen from the different opinions and expressions in expressing perceptions about learning discipline at IDIA in the intensive program. Supporting factors for learning discipline in the intensive program at IDIA are the existence of clear regulations, the professionalism of internship teachers, and the existence of good and strong cooperation between internship teachers and BEMA. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the different characters or dispositions of intensive program students, teachers/instructors who cannot be present while teaching, and limited learning environment.

The systems approach is an effective framework for improving the quality of learning across various levels of education. In the context of education, this approach emphasizes the importance of interaction among various components, such as curriculum, teaching methods, resources, and the learning environment. This study aims to explore the role of the systems approach in identifying problems, designing appropriate interventions, and evaluating learning outcomes. By employing the systems approach, educators can better understand the dynamics within the learning process and optimize each element to achieve better educational outcomes. The study results indicate that the implementation of the systems approach not only enhances student engagement but also fosters collaboration between educators and other stakeholders. Therefore, the systems approach serves as a crucial tool in educational reform efforts to create more effective and sustainable learning environments.  

This case study investigates the impact of blended learning on students' English writing skills, focusing on a group of third-semester students majoring in English Education. Blended learning, which combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning components, is explored as a pedagogical approach that enhances writing proficiency through increased engagement and personalized feedback. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 20 participants, revealing that a significant majority of students perceive blended learning as a motivating factor that fosters their writing development. The findings indicate that this approach not only improves grammar and overall writing skills but also provides ample opportunities for practice and constructive feedback, which are essential for skill enhancement. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of a supportive learning environment that encourages collaboration and community among students. The results advocate for the broader implementation of blended learning strategies in English writing instruction, emphasizing their potential to empower students and improve their language acquisition outcomes. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on effective teaching methodologies in language education and underscores the need for continuous adaptation and innovation in instructional practices.  

The code of ethics serves as a guideline for educators in carrying out their professional duties, especially in Christian Religious Education (PAK). This study aims to explore the role of the code of ethics in improving the quality of PAK learning. Using a qualitative approach, this study utilized literature studies, observations, and interviews with PAK teachers at the secondary school level. The findings indicate that consistent application of the code of ethics helps create a conducive learning environment, while deepening students' understanding of Christian values. By adhering to the code of ethics, teachers can act professionally, fairly, and with integrity, thereby increasing trust between teachers and students. In addition, the code of ethics is an important guide in overcoming learning challenges, such as the diversity of student backgrounds and curriculum changes. This study concludes that the code of ethics has an important role in improving the quality of PAK learning through strengthening teacher character and creating an inclusive learning atmosphere.

Foreign language learning anxiety is a prevalent emotional phenomenon among English major students that significantly impacts their learning effectiveness and motivation. This study comprehensively examines the definition, classification, causes, and complex effects of foreign language learning anxiety from a theoretical perspective. Through analyzing the interplay of personal factors (such as self-esteem, learning styles, learning motivation) and environmental factors (such as teaching methods, classroom atmosphere, test pressure, cultural differences), it reveals the multidimensional nature of foreign language learning anxiety. The research indicates that this anxiety not only reduces learners' motivation and efficiency but also interferes with their cognitive processes, affects the development of speaking and listening skills, and even negatively impacts their physical and mental health. To address this issue, based on the Affective Filter Hypothesis, Humanistic Psychology, Constructivist Learning Theory, and Social Interaction Theory, this study proposes educational intervention strategies, including optimizing curriculum design, improving teaching evaluation systems, establishing psychological counseling mechanisms, and strengthening the emotional support function of teachers. These strategies aim to create a positive, interactive learning environment to help students overcome anxiety and enhance learning outcomes.

Culture plays an important role in developing students' character and improving students' literacy, especially in the digital era that reflects the 21st century. This study aims to investigate the role of school culture in fostering student character and literary development through the study of literature. The data summary consists of several articles selected using a selection process of 20 articles selected using the Publish or Perish tool. The findings of the analysis show that a school culture based on religious values and literacy is able to create a conducive and inclusive learning environment. Programs such as congregational prayer, tadarus, library optimization and community-based activities provide significant support in improving students' discipline, responsibility and literacy skills. However, the research results are based on school leadership, community involvement and policy support. This highlights the importance of holistic education in creating a school culture that is in line with globalization and digitalization trends. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in building a school culture that is relevant to the challenges of globalization and digitalization. This research makes theoretical and practical contributions to designing educational strategies that focus on strengthening school culture.

The implementation of collaborative learning strategies in Islamic religious education (PAI) subjects aims to create a learning environment that is innovative, interactive, and relevant to the needs of students in the digital era. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of collaborative learning strategies in creating an innovative learning environment in PAI subjects, the challenges in implementing collaborative learning strategies in PAI lessons, and to determine the use of technology in collaborative learning strategies to create innovative learning environments in PAI subjects. . The results of this research show that collaborative learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) create an innovative and interactive learning environment. Methods such as discussions, case studies, and collaborative projects help students apply Islamic values ​​in real life. The implementation of collaborative learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) faces challenges such as classroom management, curriculum adjustments, evaluation, and individual differences between students. And the use of technology in PAI collaborative learning creates an innovative and interactive learning environment. Bold platforms and visual media increase student engagement, understanding and digital skills, while teachers create dynamic learning. Technology supports more effective and relevant PAI learning.