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Christian religious education plays a crucial role in shaping the character and morals of the younger generation, where Christian Religious Education Teachers (PAK) bear a significant responsibility in instilling Christian values. This study aims to investigate the role of professional ethics in the implementation of the PAK teacher's code of ethics and how it can enhance the quality of Christian religious education, particularly in building positive teacher-student relationships. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative analysis with a hermeneutical approach, examining the text of the code of ethics and professional ethics based on Christian values. The findings of the study indicate that professional ethics is not merely an additional moral guideline, but a deeper foundation for understanding and applying the code of ethics in various situations. Professional ethics assists PAK teachers in maintaining integrity, professional honesty, and creating a conducive learning environment. Furthermore, this study discovered that the integration of professional ethics and the code of ethics can enhance the accountability of PAK teachers and overall improve the quality of education. The conclusion of this study affirms that the application of professional ethics grounded in Christian values is paramount for PAK teachers in fulfilling their duties, enabling them to shape a younger generation with noble character and a Pancasila spirit. This study contributes to the development of Christian religious education in Indonesia by emphasizing the importance of ethics in the teaching profession, creating a positive learning environment that supports students' spiritual growth.  

Christian Religious Education (PAK) has a very important role in building students' moral values, especially in the context of education in Indonesia which is implemented based on the Independent Curriculum. This research aims to examine how the Christian Religious Education Curriculum contributes to the formation of students' moral values. This literature review explores various literature that discusses the basic concepts and principles of PAK as well as the implementation of this curriculum in moral education. Based on literature analysis, it can be concluded that the Independent Curriculum provides space for deepening moral values through a more flexible and contextual approach. In this curriculum, teachers are expected not only to convey religious teaching material but also to instill Christian values which include love, justice, forgiveness and social responsibility to students. Project-based learning, reflection, and collaboration in the classroom are some of the main strategies proposed to build student character according to the teachings of the Bible. Thus, PAK through the Merdeka Curriculum plays a significant role in forming students' moral character of quality and noble character.    

The social media-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is an innovative approach in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning that utilizes digital platforms to build more interesting and relevant learning interactions. This study aims to examine the extent of the effectiveness of this model in improving students' understanding of Islamic values, such as morals, ethics, and morals. By using social media, students are invited to discuss and solve problems related to current issues, making the learning process more contextual and experience-based. This research was conducted by literature study method, analyzing various literature related to the implementation of the PBL model, the use of social media in education, and its role in the formation of Islamic character. The results of the study show that this model is able to increase students' involvement in learning and deepen their appreciation of Islamic values through active interaction and critical reflection. However, the implementation of this model is inseparable from challenges such as disruption from irrelevant content, lack of digital literacy, and limited access to technology. To overcome this, good social media management, supervision of student activities, and improvement of digital infrastructure in schools are needed. With the right approach, the social media-based PBL model has the potential to be an effective strategy in building students' Islamic character in the digital era.

Learning Islamic Cultural History (SKI) at Madrasah Aliyah presents unique challenges, particularly in increasing students' interest and learning outcomes. Conventional methods such as lectures and memorization often result in low student engagement, leading to suboptimal understanding and poor learning outcomes. To address this issue, this study implements project-based learning (PjBL) as an alternative approach to enhance student learning outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of project-based learning in improving student achievement in SKI subjects at Madrasah Aliyah 1 Kampar, specifically in class XI Science. Using the Kemmis and McTaggart classroom action research (CAR) model, the research was conducted in two cycles, involving planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observation sheets, interviews, and student and teacher questionnaires. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of this method. The findings indicate that implementing project-based learning positively impacts student learning outcomes. The average student score increased significantly from the first to the second cycle. Moreover, student engagement in learning activities improved, as seen in their active participation in discussions, material exploration, and teamwork on assigned projects. Additionally, this method helped students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills essential in modern education. The study confirms that project-based learning is an effective strategy for enhancing SKI education in Madrasah Aliyah. These findings suggest that educators should adopt more innovative and interactive teaching methods to foster student engagement and deeper understanding in learning.

This community service activity was carried out to answer the challenges of modern education, especially in designing assessments that are inclusive and responsive to the diverse learning needs of students. The program involved 25 teachers from five elementary schools in Gunung Anyar Sub-district, Surabaya. The training method includes preparation through a needs survey, exposure to the basic concepts of differentiated assessment, collaborative practice, implementation simulation, and ongoing mentoring. The results of the training showed a significant increase in teacher competence, especially in understanding the concepts of formative, summative, and diagnostic assessments, as well as the ability to design flexible rubrics and assessment formats. As many as 85% of participants understood the objectives of the activity well, 78% felt that they understood the material very well, and 82% felt helped by simulations and hands-on practice. In addition, the training created a culture of productive collaboration between teachers, which was felt by 88% of participants. However, there are challenges in the form of the need for more time for technical deepening of rubric development and implementation assistance in the classroom. Collaborative practice-based training proved effective in improving teachers' competence in differentiated assessment. For the sustainability of the program, further training, the establishment of teacher learning communities and increased school support are recommended. This program is expected to create a more inclusive, innovative and responsive basic education for students' diversity.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new challenges and opportunities in various fields, including in Christian religious education. This article discusses how Christian Religious Education (PAK) and its curriculum can respond to the dynamics presented by AI technology. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature and scientific journals. The main sources of this research are taken from various literature and scientific journals that are relevant to the research topic. The main focus lies in the adjustment of learning materials that are relevant to the needs of the times, the formation of Christian ethics in the digital era, and the importance of maintaining spiritual values ​​amidst technological developments. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAK still adheres to the principles of Christian ethics and values. Theological understanding of the role of humans, morality, and their relationship with the creator is described in the perspective of Christian ethics towards artificial intelligence (AI). The Role of Humans in the Process of Christian Religious Education related to the application of AI involves deep reflection on the relationship between Bible verses and the implementation of artificial intelligence in religious education. In addition, this article explores the potential use of AI in the learning process, such as through personalization of education and increasing interaction between teachers and students. It is hoped that with proper adaptation, PAK can remain relevant and provide a solid foundation of faith for future generations in facing the challenges of modern technology.

An action that results in the existence of several planned activities and actions taken to accomplish a goal is called implementation. A set or system of plans and arrangements relating to educational resources that can direct teaching and learning activities is called a curriculum. With a variety of intracurricular learning opportunities, the independent curriculum allows students to freely study all the material and facilitates the development of deeper concepts. The purpose of this study is to: (1) Determine how differentiated learning is implemented in SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics classes, (2) To determine the elements that facilitate and hinder the use of differentiated instruction in the autonomous curriculum for SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics courses. This researcher does field research using a descriptive qualitative methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that: (1) Three crucial learning components of differentiated learning the content/content element, the process aspect, and the product aspect are applied in this autonomous curriculum. (2) Learning materials such as books and learning media are available to promote differentiated learning. Additionally, there are other constraints that hinder varied learning, such as a lack of infrastructure and resources and instructors' limited time to execute it.

This study aims to analyze the influence of technology-based learning on student engagement and achievement in the digital era. The development of information and communication technology has changed the way of learning and teaching, so that universities are required to adopt new approaches that are more in line with the needs of students in the digital era. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey design to collect data from 200 students involved in the technology-based learning process in various study programs. The instruments used include a questionnaire to measure the level of student engagement and analysis of academic results to assess their achievements. The results of the study indicate that technology-based learning significantly increases student engagement, both in terms of active participation in class and interaction with fellow students and lecturers. In addition, the use of technology in learning also contributes positively to improving student academic achievement. These findings indicate that technology integration in higher education can be an effective strategy to encourage deeper engagement and better achievement among students. This study recommends a broader and more strategic implementation of technology-based learning to improve the quality of education in the digital era.

The lack of facilities and supporting resources for teaching and learning activities in educational institutions and places of worship in Tewang Kadamba Village is a major factor hindering the development of students' literacy skills. In fact, literacy skills are one of the most fundamental aspects that every student must possess to support their continuity as individuals who are expected to live intelligently and with character. One of the breakthroughs offered by the researchers to solve the question as intended is by organizing a reading corner facilitation and facilitation to support the literacy skills of students in the Tewang Kadamba village. Therefore, this research is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the reading corn facilitation as a means of education and literacy improvement for students in Tewang kadamba village, central Kalimantan. The qualitative descriptive method was chosen to gain a deep understanding of the social, cultural, and historical context of a phenomenon. The research results show that reading corners can be an effective strategy to increase students' reading interest. Through three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation, the provision of reading corner facilities has proven to enhance the love of reading and change students' positive attitudes towards literacy culture, both at school and in places of worship.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning method in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMP YPMA Medan. The problem addressed is the low level of active student participation in PAI learning. To address this issue, the TPS method was implemented as a strategy to increase student engagement. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the application of the TPS method significantly increased student activity in discussions and collaboration, as well as deepened their understanding of the learning material. Students were more motivated and actively participated in the learning process, showing improvement in academic achievement. These findings indicate that the TPS method is effective in teaching PAI, particularly in facilitating interactive and collaborative learning.

The implementation of STEM-based learning in biology education aims to enhance students' scientific literacy by integrating interdisciplinary approaches. This study investigates the effectiveness of STEM-based learning in improving students' understanding of biological concepts, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking. A quasi-experimental method was employed with a pre-test and post-test design involving high school students. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' scientific literacy, as evidenced by higher post-test scores and increased engagement in learning activities. The study highlights the potential of STEM-based learning to foster deeper comprehension and practical application of biological knowledge. These findings suggest that integrating STEM approaches in biology education can effectively support scientific literacy development among students.

Low achievement of Indonesian students in literacy and numeracy in PISA 2022 (359 and 366 points, far below OECD average of 476-493 points) demands evaluation of factors affecting learning quality. This study analyzes the relationship between teacher welfare management and improvement of student literacy and numeracy through systematic literature review of 44 studies covering 76,990 teachers from 2019-2025. Analysis shows significant relationship between teacher welfare and student academic achievement through three mechanisms: increased teaching efficacy, positive classroom climate creation, and pedagogical innovation development. International comparison reveals significant gaps between Indonesia and developed countries like Japan (teacher salary Rp38 million vs Indonesia Rp800,000-Rp2,000,000). Implementation in Indonesia faces challenges of regional disparities, employment status inequality, and excessive workload. Comprehensive policy reform is needed including compensation standardization, holistic support programs, and longitudinal studies to understand deeper causal mechanisms.  

The study investigated the implementation of the Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) pattern of Coulthard and Sinclair Model in sixth-grade classroom interactions. It focused on its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Conducted with an English teacher and 23 students, the research utilized video recordings to analyze discourse patterns during lessons. Findings reveal that the IRF model facilitated communication by structuring interactions where teachers initiate questions, students respond, and teachers provide feedback. However, the analysis indicated that while students actively participate, their responses often consist of repetition rather than demonstrating comprehension of the material. Teacher feedback plays a crucial role in reinforcing learning, yet it also highlighted areas needing improvement in fostering deeper understanding. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher-student dialogue in creating an interactive learning environment and suggests that educators should encourage critical thinking and comprehension alongside participation. By identifying best practices within the IRF framework, this research contributes to enhancing classroom dynamics in early secondary education settings.  

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Program (P5) in the perspective of John Dewey's Educational Philosophy. The focus of this study is on the progressive education approach promoted by Dewey, and its relevance to the principles of P5 which aim to form Indonesian students who have Pancasila character. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive-analytics method, with data collection techniques in the form of library studies. Data are taken from various literatures, including books, journals, articles, and online sources. Data analysis techniques involve data reduction, data presentation, and verification to reach conclusions. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the contribution of Dewey's thinking to the development of a curriculum that emphasizes project-based learning and strengthening national values ​​through holistic and participatory education.

This research aims to revive Islamic values through the Awesome Muharram Fest activity at the Al-Quran Education Park (TPQ) Al Ittihad, Kertomulyo Village. Awesome Muharram Fest is an educational and recreative program designed to welcome the Islamic new year, as well as a means of learning and strengthening Islamic religious values for children. This activity involved various competitions, namely, there was a calligraphy coloring competition, a daily prayer memorization competition, an adhan competition, a short letters memorization competition, and a gharib competition, with the aim of deepening the understanding of TPQ Al-Ittihad students. In its implementation, ustadz and ustadzah also participated in supporting and assisting the committee in preparing for the competition. The Muharram Fest held by the KKN team went well and smoothly. It is hoped that this competition can be a means of learning and self-development for TPQ Al-Ittihad students of Kertomulyo Village and encourage their enthusiasm for learning and confidence. For the KKN Team, it is hoped that they can take lessons and experiences from various shortcomings that exist during the process of organizing the Awesome Muharram Fest by the KKN Posko 95 group.

Enhancing students' critical thinking skills is a major challenge in Social Studies education in the 21st century. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the problem-solving method in improving students' critical thinking skills within the context of Social Studies. Employing a qualitative approach with a library research design, this research analyzes various literature related to the application of the problem-solving method. Findings reveal that this method significantly enhances students' abilities to analyze information, formulate solutions, and connect theory with practice. However, challenges such as resource limitations and the need for teacher training can impact its effectiveness. The implications of this research suggest the need for intensive teacher training and systematic integration of the problem-solving method into the social studies curriculum to improve educational quality. Future research is recommended to explore different educational settings and additional method combinations to deepen understanding of problem-solving implementation in social studies education.

Every Muslim is required to be able to read, write, and memorize the Al-Quran and this research aims to explore assistance in activities to eradicate Al-Quran illiteracy using the Dirosah and Iqra methods at SMA Negeri 2 Limboto. Against the backdrop of increasing awareness of the importance of Al-Qur’an literacy among students, this research examines the implementation of this method in the context of senior secondary education. This research method uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through participant observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings show a significant increase in students' ability to read, understand, and memorize the Al-Qur’an after participating in mentoring using the Dirosah and Iqra methods. The implication of this research is the importance of introducing holistic learning methods in Al-Qur’an education in high schools to ensure deep understanding and strong skills in understanding the Islamic holy book.

Cognitive domain assessment is an important component in the learning process which aims to measure students' mastery of knowledge and thinking abilities. This research presents the concepts, principles and implementation of cognitive assessment in education through literature studies. Bloom's Taxonomy revised by Anderson and Krathwohl divides the cognitive domain into six levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, analyzing, and creating. Developing an effective cognitive assessment instrument requires systematic planning, starting from determining objectives to analyzing question items. Various assessment techniques such as multiple choice tests, short content, descriptions, and true and false can be used according to learning objectives. Challenges in implementing cognitive assessments include difficulties in designing instruments that measure higher-order thinking abilities. A deep understanding of the principles and techniques of cognitive assessment is essential for educators to improve the quality of learning and assessment.  

This research discusses the role of information technology in implementing the Islamic Education curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sangata Utara. In researchusing qualitative methods,this method uses the results of uinterviews and direct observation questions and answers with informants,principals and PAI teachers to find out the role of information technology in implementing the PAI curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sangata Utara secondly,what are the information technologies in implementing the curriculum is a student learning design in information technology learning,the use of learning resources such as educational videos,interactive simulations and other online resources to enrich the learning experience with a deep understanding of Islamic concepts. Information technology in implementation at SMAN 1 Sangata Utara has applied learning using technology, for example the technology used is the use of PowerPoint and the use of the Canva application. The role of information technology in implementing the Pai program includes information technology as a tool to support the implementation of Islamic religious education.

The Integrated Islamic School concept represents an educational approach that integrates a secular curriculum with Islamic values ​​in an educational environment. This approach aims to create a holistic learning environment, where students' academic, spiritual and moral aspects are the main focus. This research explores the implementation and impact of the Integrated Islamic School concept, highlighting how the integration of religious values ​​in the curriculum can influence students' overall development. The research method used for analysis is descriptive from literature and case studies from several Integrated Islamic Schools that have implemented this concept. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a deeper understanding of the importance of integrating religious values ​​in the context of modern education.