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The increasing poverty rate in West Bandung Regency has encouraged BAZNAS to introduce the Z-Mart programme, which provides business capital assistance as an effort to improve community income. The effectiveness of the programme is assessed based on its ability to achieve predetermined targets and comply with organisational regulations. This study adopts a quantitative approach, involving 151 mustahik as the population, with 61 mustahik selected as the sample to complete the questionnaire. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of zakat fund distribution on mustahik income in the Z-Mart programme implemented by BAZNAS of West Bandung Regency. Data analysis using SPSS version 25.0 indicates that the independent variable (X) contributes 59.8 per cent, and that the effectiveness of zakat distribution has a significant effect on mustahik income (R-square = 0.357). Regression analysis reveals that a one-point increase in distribution effectiveness contributes to a positive increase of 0.814 points in mustahik income. The t-test results show that the calculated t-value (5.725) exceeds the critical t-value (1.671), indicating acceptance of the alternative hypothesis and rejection of the null hypothesis. Therefore, this study concludes that the distribution of zakat funds through the Z-Mart programme is effective in improving the income level of mustahik in BAZNAS of West Bandung Regency.

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.

Literary works are the author's reflection of real life. This paper aims to determine the intrinsic elements contained in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" in the short story collection "A Pair of Old Shoes" by Sapardi Djoko Damono with an objective approach. The results of the study indicate that the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" has intact intrinsic elements which include theme, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, style of language, and moral. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis with an objective approach in literary works. Data analysis techniques include reading the short story, observing the short story, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study is the integrity of the intrinsic elements contained in the story. The results show that this short story has intact intrinsic elements that support each other and enrich the meaning of the story. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with the steps of reading, observing, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. This study provides a deeper understanding of how the intrinsic elements in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" work together to form a complete and meaningful story.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of green finance and its relationship with the financial performance and profitability of banking institutions in Indonesia. Although sustainable finance policies have been continuously strengthened by regulators and stakeholders, the contribution of green financing to overall banking performance is still developing gradually, making it important to conduct a more focused and systematic analysis of its effectiveness. This research specifically aims to describe the application of green financing practices, assess financial performance conditions, and analyze bank profitability during the 2020–2024 period. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data on green financing distribution, financial performance indicators such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), as well as profitability measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The findings indicate that the implementation of green finance has the potential to enhance long-term financial stability and improve profitability in the banking sector. This study implies that expanding green financing can serve as a relevant and sustainable business strategy for the banking industry while simultaneously supporting national sustainability and environmental development objectives.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of artificial intelligence in economics learning within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum and to examine its alignment with deep learning principles. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design conducted at SMAN 1 Boyolali. The research participants included economics teachers and eleventh grade students. Data were collected through classroom observations, in depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was carried out interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that the use of artificial intelligence in economics learning remains limited and has not been systematically integrated into pedagogical design. AI is primarily utilized as a supporting tool for lesson preparation and concept clarification rather than for adaptive learning, data driven assessment, or the enhancement of students’ critical thinking skills. Although students demonstrated positive responses toward AI assisted learning, several constraints were identified, including teachers’ limited pedagogical competence in AI integration, the absence of deep learning based instructional design, and infrastructural challenges. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in economics education depends not merely on technological availability, but on the alignment between pedagogy, curriculum policy, and human resource readiness.

This study analyzes the influence of Islamic business ethics principles on online buying and selling transactions in the predominantly Muslim community of South Sumatra. Using a quantitative approach through a survey of 200 respondents in Palembang with a Likert scale questionnaire, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 26. The results showed that the principle of honesty (sidq) had the strongest significant influence (β = 0.029, p = 0.002), followed by unity (tawhid) (β = 0.016, p = 0.049), while other principles such as balance, free will, and responsibility showed a positive but insignificant influence. The regression model explained 10.3% of the variation in transaction behavior (R² = 0.103). This study concluded that the application of Islamic ethics can increase trust and sustainability in e-commerce in the region, with implications for the development of halal businesses. In the future, the application of these principles is expected to mitigate ethical issues in e-commerce, such as fraud and uncertainty that often occur, as well as strengthen transparency and fairness in online transactions.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in the way society constructs identity and interprets culture. This study aims to examine how cultural literacy and social media use influence each other in the process of cultural transformation in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through a review of various relevant literature sources. The results indicate that the flood of unfiltered digital information often leads to misunderstandings, shifts in cultural values, and the weakening of local identity. On the other hand, social media continues to provide significant opportunities to preserve traditions and promote local culture through various forms of digital content. This study also found that digital literacy including the ability to think critically, understand visual context, and assess the credibility of information is key to society's wise use of social media. The younger generation plays a crucial role in this process as they are the largest users of social media and the primary producers of cultural content. The synergy between cultural literacy, digital literacy, and responsible use of social media plays a role in guiding the nation's cultural transformation in a more positive direction.

This study aims to analyze the effect of asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure on the profitability of PT Astra Graphia Tbk during the period 2016–2023. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research design using secondary data derived from the company’s quarterly financial statements. A total of 32 quarterly observations were selected through purposive sampling. Profitability is measured using Return on Equity (ROE), while data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests were performed to ensure the robustness of the regression model. The results indicate that asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure simultaneously have a significant effect on firm profitability. However, partially, only asset structure has a significant effect on profitability, while asset growth and capital structure show no significant influence. These findings suggest that efficient asset composition plays a more critical role in improving profitability than mere asset expansion or increased leverage. The managerial implication of this study highlights the importance of optimizing asset structure to enhance the firm’s ability to generate sustainable profits.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality, store atmosphere, and word of mouth on repurchase intention of Batik Lochatara Kediri consumers. This research employs a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents who are customers of Batik Lochatara Kediri, selected using accidental sampling. The research instrument was measured using a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results reveal that partially, word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, while service quality and store atmosphere do not show a significant effect. However, simultaneously, service quality, store atmosphere, and word of mouth have a significant influence on repurchase intention. These findings indicate that positive consumer recommendations and shared experiences play a more dominant role in encouraging repurchase intention in the context of local batik MSMEs. Therefore, strengthening word-of-mouth strategies is essential to enhance customer loyalty and business sustainability.

Education plays a very important role in shaping morality, character, and self-esteem. Through Delors (1996), UNESCO outlines four pillars of modern education: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together, which support human development. These principles have long been integrated into the Islamic educational tradition through the concept of Kaffah  Islam, which encourages faith, knowledge, and charity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance and integration of UNESCO's educational principles from the perspective of Kaffah  and to analyze their implementation during the colonial era. Through a qualitative approach and literature review, the research findings show philosophical and practical agreement between the two paradigms. Islamic education during the colonial era not only served as a means of teaching religious knowledge but also as a means of fostering moral character, social solidarity, and a sense of responsibility in the face of a discriminatory education system. Thus, the integration of UNESCO and Kaffah  Islam shows that Islamic education had adopted the concept of holistic education before the formation of modern UNESCO. To support civilized independent education, it is important to contextualize these values in order to strengthen national education that balances knowledge, skills, spirituality, and social solidarity. 

Learning Indonesian language and literature in elementary schools plays an important role in shaping students' character through the integration of literary works based on local culture. Lampung poetry as a representation of local wisdom contains educational values, such as religiosity, respect for parents, polite language, mutual cooperation, and environmental awareness. This study aims to describe the educational values ​​and local wisdom in Lampung poetry and their relevance to the character formation of elementary school students. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing references in the form of scientific articles, textbooks, Lampung poetry texts, and previous research results related to character education, regional literature, and local wisdom-based learning. The results of the study indicate that Lampung poetry is effective as a literary learning medium to instill character values, especially those in line with the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, namely faith and piety, mutual cooperation, creativity, and global diversity. Practical implementation can be done through literary appreciation activities, reflective discussions on cultural values, and assignments to write poetry based on students' local experiences. The conclusion of this study confirms that systematically integrating Lampung poetry into Indonesian language learning has significant potential to strengthen students' character education while preserving local culture amidst the challenges of globalization.  

Verbal abuse in early childhood represents a form of non-physical violence that has serious implications for children's socio-emotional, cognitive, and psychological development. This issue continues to escalate alongside the declining quality of parenting experiences and weakened social control within communities, where verbal aggression is often perceived as an acceptable disciplinary practice. This study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between parenting experiences and community social control with the occurrence of verbal abuse through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from reputable journal articles published between 2020–2025 using inclusion–exclusion criteria and content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that authoritarian parenting, emotional stress, a history of violence, and misconceptions about discipline serve as primary triggers of verbal abuse. In contrast, social environments characterized by strong social bonds, collective anti-violence norms, and active community participation have been shown to effectively reduce the occurrence of verbal abuse within families. This study concludes that verbal abuse is an interactive phenomenon shaped by parenting factors and social structures; therefore, prevention requires a family-based educational approach in conjunction with strengthening community roles through Pendidikan Non Formal.

Bullying behavior in elementary schools, characterized by the intentional harm of others, can manifest as teasing, harsh words, intimidation, and physical actions. It involves aggressive and repeated behavior aimed at demeaning others, which can significantly impact victims. Repeated bullying can lead to psychological issues, hindering students' ability to engage in the learning process, communicate with peers, and interact at home. Bullying in schools can result in mental health problems like anxiety and depression, academic struggles such as poor performance and truancy, and social challenges like difficulty forming relationships. Long-term effects may include trauma, low self-esteem, and even self-harm. To prevent bullying, schools should adopt a holistic approach that includes collaboration with parents and students. Strategies involve character education to promote empathy and respect, establishing clear school policies, and creating a safe, supportive environment. Raising awareness through anti-bullying campaigns and providing psychological support for victims, along with intervention for perpetrators, can further contribute to reducing bullying. Engaging the entire school community in these efforts is crucial to creating a positive, inclusive atmosphere where bullying is actively prevented.

This research discusses the education system in France with a focus on the development and challenges of Islamic religious education in the developed country. The study was conducted through a review of the history, geography, and applicable educational policies, so as to be able to describe how the education system in France integrates cultural aspects and historical values in learning practices. One of the main concerns of this study is efforts to improve teachers' competence in teaching Islamic religious subjects, even though religion is not explicitly taught in the national curriculum. The results of the study show that Muslims in France obtain religious education through private institutions and Islamic organizations that act as an alternative to formal education. The challenges faced include the limitations of teacher training and the negative perception of Islam by the public. These findings confirm that Islamic religious education in France flourished in a limited space, yet still contributed to the needs of Muslim communities. This research is expected to be a reference for other countries that face similar challenges in developing religious education, especially in the context of cultural integration, education policies, and strengthening the capacity of educators.

Critical thinking skills are crucial in preparing students to face global challenges, particularly in economics, which utilizes the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. The purpose of this study was to determine students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of the ALBICI (Active Learning Based Interactive Conceptual) learning model within the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, conducted through reviews and observations at SMA Islam 1 Surakarta. The results indicate that the implementation of the ALBICI interactive learning model can improve critical thinking skills within the Merdeka curriculum based on deep learning. This study also provides valuable guidance for educators seeking to implement effective teaching practices to enhance student interest and motivation, thus optimizing classroom activities.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing on customer loyalty at the Uban Muslim Clothing Store MSME in Cianjur in the context of e-commerce development. The increasingly rapid digital transformation requires MSMEs to adapt to technology-based marketing strategies to be able to compete and retain consumers. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey technique on 20 adult respondents, both men and women, who have interacted with the store. The research instrument in the form of a questionnaire distributed through Google Forms, measuring two main variables: digital marketing (as an independent variable) and customer loyalty (as a dependent variable). The analysis technique used is simple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive influence of digital marketing on customer loyalty, as indicated in the regression equation Y = 3.5226 + 0.582XY = 3.5226 + 0.582XY = 3.5226 + 0.582X. The regression coefficient of 0.582 indicates that every one unit increase in digital marketing activity can significantly increase customer loyalty. Meanwhile, the intercept value of 3.5226 indicates that customer loyalty remains high even without digital activities, indicating a strong foundation of loyalty from non-digital factors. This finding has important implications: digital marketing is not just a promotional tool, but a key strategy for building long-term customer engagement. This study recommends that MSMEs optimize digital content, online interactions, and data-driven communication systems to maintain and enhance customer loyalty in the digital marketing era.

Leadership in educational organizations, especially in the Darul Hikmah Modern Islamic Boarding School in Medan, faces the challenges of modernity that demand integration between traditional spiritual values ​​and management professionalism. This study aims to analyze the existing leadership structure and design a new structure that integrates the Transformational, Distributive, and Instructional models that are aligned with the local wisdom of North Sumatra, namely the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy. The method used is qualitative case analysis with observation and interviews. The results of the analysis show that the current leadership is dominated by charismatic and centralistic styles (strong Transformational), but weak in the Distributive dimension (low teacher participation) and Adaptive Technology Instructional. The proposed new leadership structure design emphasizes the formation of a Quality Supervisory Board (DPM) and the Head of Human Resources & Regeneration. This new model places the Kyai/Head of the Islamic Boarding School as the spiritual authority (Hula-hula), Mudir/Executive Director as the managerial change agent (Dongan Tubu), and strengthens the academic/innovation function (Boru). The conclusion suggests that leadership transformation in this Islamic boarding school requires a shift from a figure-based system to a competency-based and collaborative system, making it an adaptive, professional institution firmly rooted in local values.

Childhood obesity has become an increasingly significant health and education problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by unhealthy eating patterns, lifestyle changes, and low nutritional literacy within families. This article aims to examine the lack of balanced nutrition in obese early childhood from the perspective of family education as part of non-formal education. The research method used is a literature review by reviewing national and international literature related to nutrition, child growth and development, and the increasing trend of obesity. The results show that obesity has physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impacts that can hinder a child's holistic development. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy eating habits, monitoring food consumption, and fostering an active lifestyle. Improving nutritional literacy within families, synergizing with early childhood education institutions, and supporting public health policies are considered crucial to preventing the long-term risk of obesity. Therefore, family education about balanced nutrition is a crucial strategy in supporting optimal growth and development and creating a healthy and competitive generation of early childhood children.

Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) are the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, playing a significant role in shaping the moral, spiritual, and intellectual character of society. Alongside the growing integration of formal education, pesantren are required to develop more modern and adaptive leadership models without abandoning their traditional values. This study aims to design a pesantren leadership structure that integrates transformational, distributive, and instructional leadership principles rooted in local culture. The analysis conducted at Pondok Pesantren Al-Mukhlisin in Deli Serdang Regency indicates that leadership patterns remain centered on the kiai figure, resulting in suboptimal coordination and delegation of authority. Transformational leadership is needed to foster inspiration and motivation; distributive leadership to strengthen collaboration and participation; and instructional leadership to ensure instructional quality and teachers’ professional development. The integration of these three leadership models is believed to create a pesantren leadership system that is visionary, participatory, and quality-oriented, while remaining aligned with local cultural values such as gotong royong, musyawarah, and familial solidarity. Thus, pesantren can evolve into innovative, adaptive, and sustainable Islamic educational institutions in the modern era.

The 21st century of digitalization is very influential in life such as Education which must adapt to the development of world digitalization technology. Education is carried out by involving innovation, creativity, and also motivation to update more interesting learning methods with interactive media that have been designed. History learning in particular must develop and adapt to the digital era by utilizing technology to make teaching methods the goal of an active learning process. History learning which is considered boring has a great opportunity to be able to adapt to interactive media so that passive students during learning are reduced and become active students and can understand History easily. In this study involved a teacher with 30 high school students who were the objects of the research study. The method used was descriptive qualitative which refers to observation, documents, interviews, questionnaires, and also a social science approach. The results of the study explain the low interest in History learning to many passive students due to learning methods that are not in line with the digital era to attract Gen Z's interest in History Lessons and also show the results of History learning by involving interactive media with digital technology.