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This study aims to describe the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit which reveals the relationship between various aspects of life and culture of the Lamaholot community, ranging from beliefs, traditions, to the relationship between humans and nature. This study uses a qualitative research method. The findings and discussion of the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit can be concluded as follows, 1) rice seeds as a symbol of life and fertility, 2) rice seeds as a symbol of Lamaholot tradition and culture, 3) rice seeds as a symbol of the relationship between humans and nature, and 4) rice seeds as a symbol of cultural resilience.

This study aims to describe the cultural meaning of the short story Mama Eta by Silvester Petara Hurit. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach. The results of the study of cultural meaning in the short story Mama Eta by Silvester Petara Hurit can be concluded that there are cultural meanings, namely first, the cultural meaning of simplicity, second the cultural meaning of religiosity as an oasis of life, third the cultural meaning related to respect for ancestors, fourth the cultural meaning related to the role of women in social structures, and fifth the cultural meaning related to collectivity and social harmony.

This research analyzes the role of the state and education in shaping people's democratic mentality through psychological and social approaches. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observations, and literature studies of teachers, students, community leaders, and education bureaucrats. The results show that the state contributes through civic education policies, curriculum implementation, and character programs such as the Pancasila Student Profile. Educational institutions function as a vehicle for the formation of democratic attitudes through participatory and dialogic learning. Psychosocial factors such as parenting, social media and culture also influence the internalization of democratic values. The formation of a democratic mentality requires synergy between the state, education and society to create active, critical and inclusive citizens.

The training on photovoltaic cell implementation at At-Taubah Islamic Boarding School, Tirtamulya, Karawang, aimed to enhance the students’ productivity through mastery of renewable energy technologies. This training was conducted as an empowerment initiative to enable students to independently apply photovoltaic cell technology to meet energy needs within the boarding school environment, while also equipping them with entrepreneurial skills in the renewable energy sector. The training methods included the delivery of basic material on photovoltaic cells, hands-on practice in assembling small-scale solar panels, and simulations of their use for lighting and simple equipment within the school. The results showed an 85% increase in students’ understanding of the working principles of photovoltaic cells, based on pre-test and post-test comparisons, along with improved skills in installing basic solar panel systems. Moreover, the training fostered student interest in developing solar panel installation and maintenance services within the surrounding community. Thus, this program contributed to enhancing the students' productivity and self-reliance while promoting clean energy utilization within the pesantren community.

Public speaking training serves as an effective step in enhancing the capacity of rural youth in facing the challenges of globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study aims to empower the youth of Hutanamora Village through public speaking skills training as part of a community service program. The method applied uses a participatory approach involving 15 participants aged between 15 and 18 years. The results of the activity show a significant improvement in self-confidence, the ability to organize ideas, as well as verbal and nonverbal communication skills. In addition to technical improvements, the training also fostered critical awareness, reflective abilities, and stronger self-assurance when engaging with an audience. The implementation of this activity demonstrates that public speaking training is not only a practical learning tool but also a means of social empowerment and character development for the younger generation. Therefore, such training is recommended to be carried out continuously as part of youth development programs in rural areas.

Ariezta Art is a micro-enterprise in Sidorejo Village, Pemalang Regency, producing handmade resin-based crafts. The business faces several challenges, such as limited digital marketing skills, unsystematic product design, and lack of basic financial recording. This community service program seeks to empower Ariezta Art through digital promotion training, product design assistance aligned with market demands, and basic financial literacy education. The implementation stages include identifying partner needs, preparing relevant training modules, and evaluating program outcomes. Results show improved partner capability in utilizing social media for promotion and recording daily financial transactions. Additionally, product designs have become more attractive and market-oriented. This program is expected to contribute to strengthening the competitiveness and business continuity of Ariezta Art, helping the MSME face the dynamic demands of the creative market.

This study is entitled Semiotic Analysis of Absurdism through the Main Character in the Film Trainspotting. The discussion touches upon the concept of absurdism and how it is reflected through signs in the film Trainspotting (1996), directed by Danny Boyle. The film portrays the life of Mark Renton, a heroin addict living in 1990s Scotland, who struggles to find meaning in an indifferent world. This research analysed the denotative and connotative signs that reflect the main character’s struggle with absurdism and how these signs portray the character’s responses to the absurd, whether through escape or rebellion. This study employed Roland Barthes’ (1991) theory of two-level semiotics to analyse the denotative and connotative meanings of signs, and Albert Camus’ (1955) theory of absurdism to interpret the character’s existential responses. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected by watching the film and analysing both verbal and non-verbal signs using Barthes’ semiotic framework. These findings indicate that Trainspotting contains strong elements of absurdism that can be uncovered through semiotic analysis.  

This research aims to analyze the translation procedures applied in the English-Indonesian subtitles of the animated film Back to the Outback, with a particular focus on how these procedures contribute to conveying meaning appropriately across languages and cultures. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study examines utterances and sentences from both the English and Indonesian subtitle versions, which were sourced from the Subscene platform, a site where users collaboratively translate films into various languages. Data collection involved watching the film while observing the subtitles in both languages, followed by identifying and categorizing the translation procedures based on Peter Newmark’s theoretical framework. The findings reveal that the subtitles employ ten out of Newmark's nineteen translation procedures: couplet, modulation, paraphrase, reduction, literal translation, cultural equivalent, transfer, functional equivalent, naturalization, and transposition (shift). These procedures reflect the translator’s efforts to retain meaning, tone, and cultural nuance, making the film accessible and relatable to Indonesian audiences. Furthermore, the study concludes that the target audience of Back to the Outback includes viewers of all age groups, supported by the universal and comprehensible nature of the subtitle translation.

Chronic Kidney Failure (CKD) is a condition of permanent and progressive decline in kidney function. CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience sleep disturbances, which impact their physical and psychological condition. Non-pharmacological interventions such as deep breathing relaxation and lavender aromatherapy can be alternative therapies to address these disorders. This study analyzes nursing care for sleep disturbances in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and evaluates the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation therapy combined with lavender aromatherapy inhalation. This study used a case study approach with three CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and experiencing sleep disturbances. The intervention was carried out for three days with a combination of deep breathing relaxation therapy and lavender aromatherapy inhalation. After three days of intervention, complaints of insomnia decreased in all three patients. The sleep pattern score increased to 5, indicating undisturbed sleep patterns. Deep breathing relaxation therapy combined with lavender aromatherapy inhalation is effective in addressing sleep disturbances in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. This therapy is recommended as an additional intervention in the hospital and should be carried out with family support to increase patient comfort.

Age 9-10 years is a crucial stage of motor development, where physical abilities such as muscle strength, flexibility and balance significantly affect performance in sports activities, including throwing and catching skills.This study to analyze relationship between arm muscle strength, back muscle flexibility, and balance on the throwing and catching skills children aged 9–10 years at VIO Surabaya. This is quantitative research with correlational design and multiple regression analysis. The sample use 15 children (8 boys and 7 girls) who were athletes from the VIO Baseball Club Surabaya, all aged between 9-10 years. Instruments included a push-up test to measure arm muscle strength, a V-sit and reach test for back muscle flexibility, a one-leg balance test, and a throwing and catching test using a softball. The results is arm muscle strength had a significant relationship with throwing and catching skills (Pearson correlation value of r = 0.921 (p < 0.05)). In contrast, back muscle flexibility (r = 0.328) and balance (r = 0.131) did not show significant relationships. The conclution arm muscle strength is most influential factor in determining throwing and catching in children, therefore, training programs should prioritize arm strength development to support motor skill advancement in early age.

The growth of the snack food industry in Indonesia encourages MSME actors to innovate in improving product competitiveness, including through packaging development. UMKM Nambawang, as a producer of fried shallots, faces challenges in packaging design that lacks visual appeal and does not reflect the product’s identity, despite its superior taste quality. This study aims to design more functional, economical, and competitive fried shallot packaging by integrating the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Value Engineering (VE) methods. QFD is applied to translate consumer needs (voice of customer) into technical packaging attributes, while VE is used to evaluate the performance and cost-efficiency of design alternatives. The analysis results indicate that key attributes prioritized in packaging development include color aesthetics, product protection, ease of opening and resealing, clarity of product information, and storage convenience. These main attributes are translated into technical elements such as the use of standing pouches, zipper locks, full-print designs, added onion illustrations, and complete product information. The application of QFD and VE methods results in a mockup visually appealing, functional, and durable packaging design, enhancing the product’s added value based on consumer needs and increasing its competitiveness in the domestic market.

Public awareness is needed to reduce the use of single-use plastics. One effort to reduce plastic waste is by replacing chemical-based materials with natural alternatives. This study aims to analyze the effect of beeswax thickness on the type of fabric used. A quantitative method was applied by measuring the thickness of each material sample with beeswax mass variations of 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams. The results showed that blacu fabric with 15 grams of beeswax had a “very good” coating thickness. Blacu fabric with 10 grams of beeswax had a “good” thickness, while 20 grams resulted in a “fair” thickness. The thickness of the fabric material varied according to the beeswax mass and affected the coating uniformity of beeswax applied to the fabric surface.

The impacts of wastewater (liquid waste) include contamination and pollution of surface water and other water bodies utilized by humans, as well as disruption to aquatic life. Wastewater generated from plate washing processes in offset printing industries contains toxic substances that can harm the environment, such as ink pigments, additives, alcohol, and other hazardous chemicals. This study aims to reduce the environmental impact caused by plate washing wastewater. The method used in this research is the Jar Test, which is commonly applied to evaluate the effectiveness of coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Based on the findings, this method successfully reduced the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) level by 18%. These results indicate that the use of alum as a coagulant has a significant effect on altering the chemical composition of the plate washing wastewater, thereby contributing to pollution reduction

This study aims to evaluate the color of organic ink based on coffee grounds charcoal as an alternative to conventional ink in screen printing. The experimental method was conducted with three variations of pigment formulation and distilled water, namely: 15 gr & 41 ml, 20 gr & 45 ml, 25 gr & 49 ml). Testing of solid content levels and Lab values was carried out to determine color characteristics, as well as delta E calculations to compare with conventional inks. The results showed the highest solid content in the 20 g formulation, but the 15 g ink distribution produced the closest color to the reference ink due to better flow. In conclusion, proper material formulation is essential to achieve optimal color quality.  

In line with the rapid advancement of digital technology, the need for an efficient, integrated, and technology-based financial management system has become  critical, particularly for educational institutions such as STT-NF. The manual management of financial reports, especially cash flow statements used spreadsheets continues to pose significant challenges, including the risk of data entry errors, delayed reporting, and the lack of real-time visibility into the institution's financial condition. This study aims to develop a web application for cash flow monitoring system using the waterfall methodology to address these issues. The waterfall model was selected due to its systematic and structured approach. The system was developed using ReactJS for the frontend, NodeJS for the backend, and PostgreSQL as the database management system. To verify system functionality, testing was conducted using the black box testing method. The results of the testing indicate that all developed features of the cash flow monitoring system functioned according to the specified requirements and operated optimally. Therefore, the system is expected to provide tangible benefits in supporting the performance of the Finance Department at STT-NF as well as the foundation, by enhancing real-time financial visibility and delivering accurate information to facilitate faster & more informed decision-making.

Indonesia, based on its geographical location, is a country that is difficult to escape from the threat of natural disasters, one of which is earthquakes. The high number of casualties from natural disasters indicates that the community's emergency response abilities are still very poor, especially among children who lack basic knowledge in disaster management. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of education and singing to  earthquake emergency response abilities among students at MI Rejoagung. This study used a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sampling technique resulted in 30 respondents. Data collection was done through interviews and observations, and data analysis used the Paired T-Test. The research findings showed that before the intervention, the majority (57%) of respondents had sufficient abilities with a mean of 10.96. After the intervention, almost all (83%) of the respondents had good abilities with a mean of 24.78. The analysis result yielded a p-value of 0.000 (≤ α 0.05), indicating that there is an influence of education and singing to  disaster earthquake response abilities. The education and singing to makes it easier to understand the material and procedures, makes learning more interesting, and is easy to remember. Respondents are advised to continue improving their knowledge and abilities in disaster preparedness through various sources of information and active participation in disaster training or education.

The development of communication technology today has changed the behavior of individuals in interacting. Social media has become a means for individuals to express themselves and perform self-disclosure. This study aims to find out how expressive writing can increase self-disclosure in millennial Instagram social media users. The research method uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with participants. The results showed that expressive writing can facilitate individuals to express themselves and increase self-disclosure on Instagram social media users. Through expressive writing, individuals can express their feelings, thoughts, and experiences freely without any restrictions. This encourages deeper self-disclosure in millennial Instagram users. The implication of this study is the importance of using expressive writing to facilitate the self-disclosure process in social media users, especially millennials.

The coffee shop business is one of the most promising businesses because coffee shops currently attract young people who want to enjoy a different experience. However, it cannot be denied that the coffee shop business also has weaknesses and threats. This study employs the application of SWOT analysis on coffee and eatery businesses located in the city of Bukittinggi to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of coffee shop businesses. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, where there is no population or sample. The study utilizes informed consent to obtain the necessary information.

This article discusses the use of local dialects in short stories and poetry from Central Kalimantan, as well as their impact on the cultural identity of the community. Local dialects, such as Dayak and Banjar languages, serve as crucial elements in folk literature that reflect the life, values, and traditions of the people. Through the analysis of literary works incorporating these dialects, the article demonstrates how dialects not only enrich the reading experience but also function as tools for cultural preservation. The use of local dialects in literature helps strengthen cultural identity and a sense of unity within the community. Despite challenges in the application and publication of literature in regional languages, it is essential to continue supporting the use of local dialects to ensure the cultural richness of Central Kalimantan remains preserved and relevant.

Language cannot be separated from human life, humans who act as a role in the formation of civilization produce a masterpiece called culture and local wisdom. This study examines the relationship between the two which is related to the linguistics group. In linguistic studies, there is an approach, namely ethnolinguistics which is used to examine the relationship between language and community culture which produces various meanings of language. Through this approach, the study aims to describe the form of lexicon and toponymy of village names in Mojokerto Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a note-taking technique. The data source used in this study is a book entitled "Jejak Semar di Karang Klethak" by Haris ar-Rachi, et al. The results of the study show that the names of villages in Mojokerto Regency have a historical, mythological background, as well as strong local cultural and natural elements. The naming is closely related to historical figures, community legends, geographical conditions, and the spiritual values of the local community. This proves that village toponymy is not only linguistic, but also reflects local cultural identity which is important to preserve.