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Developments in the digital era require communities to have the ability to access, understand, and utilize technology as part of their preparedness for global change. However, not all community groups have equal access and digital skills, particularly regional communities such as the Central Mamberamo Community Association (HMMT) in Sorong City. This community service activity aims to empower members of this community through training in developing mobile learning-based digital teaching materials using the Thunkable application. The method used was a direct, participatory, project-based approach, allowing participants to be actively involved in every stage of the activity. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the concept of mobile learning, their ability to use the Thunkable platform, and the creation of simple teaching material prototypes relevant to the local context. The training also succeeded in increasing learning motivation and a sense of ownership of the developed digital products. These findings support the effectiveness of no-code and project-based learning approaches in improving digital literacy in non-technological communities. This activity serves as an initial model for inclusive and sustainable technology-based community empowerment. Furthermore, this activity also had a positive impact on strengthening collaboration among HMMT community members. By working together in teams, participants not only improved their technical skills but also developed more effective collaboration and communication skills. Using the no-code Thunkable app allows them to create digital learning materials without requiring a deep technical background, making them more accessible to a wide range of communities. The success of developing a prototype of learning materials tailored to local needs also opens up opportunities for the community to continue developing their digital products in the future, with the hope of expanding access to more equitable and quality education in the region.

Financial reports are an important tool for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in measuring their performance and financial health. This study aims to design a simple financial reporting system that can be implemented by Big Bites, a culinary business located in Bekasi City. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with stages of observation, interviews, and documentation during a three-month internship (October–December 2024). The results of the study indicate that before the design, Big Bites did not have a good financial recording system and still relied on manual records. Through the design of Microsoft Excel-based financial reports that include a general journal, ledger, trial balance, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and balance sheet, MSMEs can understand their financial condition more clearly and accurately. The implementation of this system is expected to assist MSMEs in business decision-making, financial planning, and increasing business credibility.

The agricultural sector is one of the main pillars in the national economy because it makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), absorbs labor, and is the main livelihood for most Indonesians, especially in rural areas. Among various agricultural subsectors, vegetables have an important role as a commodity that not only meets the needs of household consumption, but also becomes a major source of income for farmers. However, vegetable farmers are often faced with serious problems that directly impact their well-being. One of the main problems is price instability. During the harvest, the abundance of production causes the price of vegetables to fall drastically so that it is not able to cover the capital costs that have been incurred. This is experienced by vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, where the selling price of vegetables at harvest time is very cheap, often even below production costs, so that farmers suffer big losses. Reflecting on these problems, this community service activity is present with the theme "we buy, we distribute." This concept is carried out by buying vegetables directly from local farmers at a more decent price than the market price during the harvest. The vegetables that have been purchased are then not resold for profit, but are distributed for free to people who really need them, especially residents in Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo, Sleman. Thus, this activity provides dual benefits, namely helping farmers to continue to earn a decent income and supporting community food security through the distribution of vegetables for free. This program is also a form of social solidarity between farmers and the community, as well as a simple but real solution in dealing with the problem of fluctuations in the price of agricultural products.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by a decrease in bone density and strength, making bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures. People with osteoporosis often complain of pain. One of the pain management methods for osteoporosis patients is progressive muscle relaxation. This community service activity empowers the public to practice progressive muscle relaxation techniques. The pre-test results showed that the majority of the community’s knowledge about osteoporosis and pain management was in the poor category, at 79.5%. After education and simulation of the progressive muscle relaxation technique were conducted, there was an increase in the community’s knowledge about osteoporosis and pain management, with 61.4% in the good category. The conclusion of this community service activity is that empowering the community to independently perform progressive muscle relaxation techniques is very beneficial in reducing pain in people with osteoporosis.

This community service activity was motivated by the need for an efficient and structured library management system at MI Hidayatul Ulum. Previously, book recording, borrowing, and reporting were done manually, creating administrative challenges and limiting access to information for students and teachers. To address these challenges, the community service team implemented a web-based library information system designed to simplify collection management, facilitate book searches, and expedite the borrowing and return process. The implementation method included partner needs analysis, system design and installation, training for staff and teachers, and evaluation of implementation results. The system was designed to be accessible through the school's local network with a simple and user-friendly interface. Training was provided to ensure the school was able to utilize and manage the system independently. The results showed that the implementation of this information system improved library management efficiency and expanded user access to information. Teachers could more easily monitor book collections, while students found it easier to search for and borrow books. Furthermore, the system accelerated administrative processes and reduced the risk of recording errors. Another positive impact was the growth of a technology-based literacy culture within the madrasah. With the availability of faster book search and borrowing services, students' interest in reading increased. A participatory approach involving schools from the planning stage through evaluation ensures that the resulting solutions meet needs and can be implemented sustainably. This community service activity is expected to serve as a model for implementing simple technology that has a real impact on improving the quality of basic education services.

This community service program is designed to improve the competitiveness and marketing effectiveness of YAIKI's Shoe Business Partners, located in Karangdieng Village, Mojokerto Regency. This improvement effort is carried out through the creation of a digital product catalog integrated with QR codes as a modern promotional medium. The digital product catalog is systematically structured, interactive, and easily accessible, containing comprehensive information on the types, designs, sizes, prices, and advantages of the shoes produced. The catalog's attractive appearance is designed using design software and online platforms, thus conveying a professional impression and increasing consumer appeal. Furthermore, QR codes are created and placed on each product and promotional materials such as brochures, packaging, and posters. By scanning the QR code with a smartphone, consumers can directly connect to the digital catalog without having to manually search for information, thus making the marketing process more efficient and responsive to market needs. The program implementation method includes training in digital catalog creation using free or low-cost graphic design software and online platforms, the creation of QR codes that directly link to the catalog, and technical assistance for partners in implementing this technology into their marketing strategies. The program evaluation demonstrated increased partner understanding of digital technology, ease of product information delivery, and the potential for increased sales and broader market reach. Through this innovation, local shoe businesses in Karangdieng Village have a greater opportunity to compete in the modern market. The implementation of digital catalogs and QR codes is expected to be a practical and sustainable solution to support business growth, strengthen brand image, and encourage economic independence for the local community.

Indonesia, as an agricultural country, has a large population working in the agricultural sector. Agricultural activities often involve the use of chemicals that can cause skin disorders, one of which is contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is an occupational disease with a high prevalence, both globally and nationally. As a form of concern for the increasing number of dermatitis cases among farmers, a community service activity was conducted in Mlati Village, Grobogan Regency. This activity aimed to increase farmers' awareness and knowledge regarding contact dermatitis prevention. The intervention included educational sessions, interactive discussions, role-plays, pre- and post-tests, and the distribution of skin health information leaflets. The activity was carried out by the Health Promotion Team from the Faculty of Medicine, Semarang State University. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the symptoms of contact dermatitis by 11.86% of the 21 participants who attended. Materials considered important by participants included the importance of maintaining personal hygiene after contact with chemicals, as well as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. The participants' enthusiasm was also evident in their active participation in the discussion sessions and hands-on practice. However, there was still a lack of in-depth understanding of skin health care. This demonstrates the need for regular follow-up education to reinforce the program's positive impact. Overall, these activities demonstrate the critical importance of community-based health promotion in reducing the risk of occupational skin diseases and encouraging healthier and safer behavior changes in farmers.

The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of using Canva-based learning media on the creativity of eleventh-grade students in economics. The background of this study stems from the low level of student learning creativity caused by the minimal use of innovative and engaging media in the learning process. Creativity is an important aspect in economics learning because it encourages students to think critically, create solutions, and understand abstract concepts more contextually. Static and monotonous learning media such as blackboards and textbooks often do not sufficiently stimulate student interest and participation. Therefore, a more interactive and visual approach is needed, one of which is using Canva. Canva is an online graphic design platform that allows teachers and students to easily create presentations, infographics, and other visual materials. Using Canva in learning can provide a more enjoyable learning experience and motivate students to be actively involved. This study used a quantitative method with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. Data analysis was carried out by comparing creativity scores before and after treatment. Student creativity was measured using a test instrument that included aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The study subjects were 34 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Tulungagung. The results showed a significant difference in scores between the pretest and posttest results, indicating that the use of Canva-based learning media had a positive impact on increasing student creativity. Students became more active in expressing ideas, more daring to experiment with concepts, and better able to present learning outcomes visually and attractively. These findings support constructivism theory, which states that effective learning occurs when students actively construct knowledge through meaningful experiences.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting Indonesia's economy, contributing 61.07% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, MSMEs still face various challenges, particularly low productivity due to limited access to technology and production equipment. A clear example is Kedai Ndeso, located in Jiyu Village, Kutorejo District, Mojokerto Regency. This small food business faces inefficiencies in the noodle boiling process, which is still done manually using conventional methods, resulting in limited production capacity and longer service times. Through this community service program, the implementation team aimed to develop and apply an appropriate technology innovation in the form of a multi-strainer noodle boiler to help improve MSME productivity. The method used was a participatory approach, actively involving the Kedai Ndeso owner throughout each stage of the program, which was conducted from July 13 to 24, 2025. The developed noodle boiler measures 35x35x35 cm and is made of food-grade stainless steel. It features six separate strainers, allowing six portions of noodles to be cooked simultaneously in the same amount of time.nTesting results demonstrated that this tool significantly increased production efficiency without compromising the quality of the noodles. It also led to operational cost savings, especially in terms of energy use and labor time. Additionally, training and outreach activities were carried out to ensure effective knowledge transfer to the MSME owner. This appropriate technology innovation has proven to be a practical solution for MSMEs in the culinary sector, helping them increase productivity and competitiveness while maintaining consistent product quality and ensuring food safety. Therefore, this initiative provides a tangible contribution to supporting the sustainability and independence of small enterprises in rural areas, empowering them to compete more effectively in the modern economy.

This training activity on application development using the Thunkable platform was designed to enhance digital literacy, logical thinking skills, and strengthen the character of adolescents through a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach. In today’s digital age, digital literacy is an essential competency, and equipping young people with the ability to create meaningful technology empowers them to be not just users but also creators of impactful digital solutions. The training took place on May 17, 2025, at a member’s house from the GKI Kasih congregation in Perumnas, Sorong. It was attended by 20 participants aged between 12 and 17 years. The choice of a familiar and friendly setting was intended to create a comfortable and collaborative learning environment. The training materials were structured step-by-step, starting with an introduction to the Thunkable platform, user interface (UI) design, navigation logic development using visual block programming, and culminating in group presentations and reflections on the final projects. The project theme chosen for the training was "Prophets as Role Models," aimed at integrating spiritual values and character development into an educational digital application. Through this project, participants not only gained technical skills but also reflected on the moral and inspirational values of prophetic figures in the Christian faith. Evaluation results showed that the training had a significant positive impact. Participants demonstrated increased understanding of app development concepts, were able to explain their project workflows and features, and showed high levels of enthusiasm and creativity throughout the process. Furthermore, character values such as teamwork, responsibility, and a strong learning spirit were fostered. This initiative serves as a concrete example of how technology-based education can be effectively combined with character formation. It also provides a replicable training model for other communities, particularly for church-based youth development programs that aim to nurture digitally literate and morally grounded future generations.

This study aims to determine the improvement and category of improvement in students' understanding of the concept of buffer solutions by applying the Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) learning model. The form of this study is an experimental research with a Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest design. The population of this study is all students of class XI MIPA SMAN 7 Pekanbaru for the 2024/2025 school year. The research sample was students in class XI MIPA 1 as an experimental class and students in class XI MIPA 2 as a control class. The experimental class was given the treatment of the application of the SSCS learning model, while the control class was given learning without the SSCS model. The results of the data hypothesis test analysis technique used the right-hand t-test. Based on the analysis of research data, it was obtained that the tcount of 2.07 was greater than the ttable of 1.67 (dk = 67, α = 0.05) with the category of increasing students' understanding of concepts of 0.74 in the high category. The results of the study show that the Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) learning model can improve students' understanding of the concept of buffer solutions in class XI MIPA SMAN 7 Pekanbaru.

This research aims to develop a mathematics teaching module based on differentiated learning integrated with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) method, specifically for the topic of spatial structures ("get up room") for students at Nanasi 1 Elementary School. The development process follows the 4D model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In the Define stage, analysis revealed the absence of instructional modules that align with students' learning styles and needs. Consequently, learning objectives were formulated based on geometric elements and problem-solving criteria. During the Design stage, a prototype module and validation instruments were produced. Validation was conducted by two experts, yielding high scores for both content and visual presentation—each achieving 90% validity. Practicality assessments also showed strong results, with content rated at 90.8% and visual aspects at 90%, categorizing the module as “very valid” and “very practical.” The integration of the PjBL method was implemented to enhance active student participation, encouraging collaborative exploration and real-world application of mathematical concepts. The developed module is considered suitable for supporting differentiated mathematics instruction in elementary schools. It accommodates diverse learning styles and promotes student engagement through project-based tasks. The findings suggest that combining differentiated learning with PjBL fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment, particularly in geometry-related topics. This module not only meets pedagogical standards but also contributes to the advancement of innovative teaching practices in primary education.

The topic of Differentiated Instruction (DI) has recently been studied by researchers and practitioners due to its importance and potential to improve student learning. In this regard, the current study aims to provide a concise overview of DI in the context of EFL to illustrate the need for its implementation in the classroom to foster successful language learning. Since differentiated instruction is designed to place students at the centre of the teaching and learning process, promote equity and academic success, as well as recognize diversity among students, it enables teachers to address a student’s unique needs, interests, abilities, English proficiency, and preferred learning strategies. While challenges such as increased workload and implementation pressure in DI may arise, the potential benefits of this approach to students' learning processes, attitudes toward learning, and long-term success are notable. Therefore, the learning process is maximized when teachers are committed to differentiated instruction. SMA ISLAM PLUS ADZKIA (SIPA) is one of the most popular spotlight of school in Medan which the school was succeed in graduating their Alumni to Kedinasan and private university both inside and outside the country with scholarship. This school becomes the spot or role model for many other schools in Medan, therefore, the researcher intended to investigate further about the teaching model applied in this school, especially in EFL classroom in studying English. Some problems need to be answered after applying this study, such as how the English teachers manage the class to apply the DI, how is the students’ understanding about the subject after they applied DI

This corpus-based study explores the acquisition patterns of English modal verbs by Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners through a comprehensive analysis of learner language data. The study utilizes a specialized learner corpus consisting of 2.5 million words drawn from both written and spoken productions of 450 Indonesian learners, covering various proficiency levels. The research focuses on examining the frequency patterns, semantic distributions, and error types associated with modal verb usage across the learner corpus. The study employs a combination of quantitative corpus linguistic methods and qualitative error analysis to uncover developmental trends and persistent difficulties in acquiring English modals. The findings highlight a significant underuse of epistemic modality, which expresses degrees of certainty, and an overreliance on core modals like "can," "will," and "must." Additionally, learners systematically avoid more complex modal constructions that are semantically nuanced and less frequent in their linguistic output. The analysis also reveals notable cross-linguistic influences from Indonesian, particularly in the areas of politeness marking and the expression of certainty. These interference patterns suggest that Indonesian learners may transfer modal expressions from their native language, leading to specific errors in the usage of English modals. Based on the findings, the study proposes a usage-based pedagogical framework that integrates corpus-informed instruction with explicit semantic mapping of modal meanings. This framework encourages teachers to address modal verb acquisition by emphasizing frequency-based approaches, contrastive semantic analysis, and corpus-driven awareness-raising activities. The research suggests that by focusing on the form-meaning-function relationships of modals in authentic contexts, learners can better understand and produce English modals accurately and appropriately. The findings have significant implications for enhancing modal verb instruction in EFL classrooms, especially for Indonesian learners.

This study aims to describe and provide recommendations regarding the proper management of extracurricular sports activities in senior high schools in Tarakan City. Extracurricular activities play an important role in helping students develop their potential. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Subjects included principals, physical education teachers or extracurricular sports coordinators, and sports coaches from 14 randomly selected religious, public, and private senior high schools in Tarakan City. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The data analysis process included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that: (1) Planning for extracurricular sports activities is generally carried out through coordination meetings among the parties involved to organize activities during one school year. Scheduling is the responsibility of the extracurricular coordinator and is arranged in consultation with the sports supervisor or coach to avoid conflicts with other school events. Coaches also prepare training programs as part of the planning process. (2) Extracurricular sports activities are held in the afternoon, outside of regular school hours, based on a schedule prepared by the coordinator and vice principal for student affairs. (3) Evaluations are conducted at least once every three months and involve various school stakeholders. Aspects evaluated include student attendance, participation in learning, and training outcomes. (4) Supporting factors include adequate facilities and infrastructure, funding, student competency, and teacher involvement. Conversely, inhibiting factors include low student attendance, limited funding, inadequate or inadequate facilities, and unfavorable weather conditions. These findings provide an overview of how extracurricular sports activities are managed in high schools in Tarakan City and highlight the importance of effective planning, implementation, and evaluation. This study also identifies key factors that support and hinder the success of these programs, offering insights for future improvements.

Maintaining stable cage temperature is a crucial factor in the success of broiler chicken farming, especially in close house systems that rely on optimal microclimate control. Temperature instability can lead to thermal stress, reduced growth rates, and increased mortality in broilers, particularly during the early stages of life (0 to 30 days old). This study aims to design and implement an automatic temperature control system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor in the broiler chicken cages of PT. Barokah Restu Utama. The system is designed to read temperature and humidity in real-time and automatically activate or deactivate cooling devices such as fans or heating devices like incandescent lamps, depending on the temperature range required for each growth phase. The ideal temperature range used as a reference in this system includes 30–32°C for chickens aged 0–7 days, 29°C for ages 8–14 days, 28°C for ages 15–21 days, and 26–27°C for chickens aged 22–30 days. Testing results show that the system is capable of maintaining stable temperatures according to the specified standards for each growth phase. With this automatic control system in place, broiler chicken maintenance becomes more efficient and effective. The risk of mortality due to heat stress is significantly reduced, and chicken growth becomes more optimal. This technology offers a practical and economical solution, especially for small- to medium-scale broiler chicken farmers who use close house systems. The system is easy to operate and relatively affordable to install, making it an accessible innovation that supports better livestock management through automation and smart farming practices.

Urinary tract examination with the CT-Scan modality is considered superior to other imaging modalities because it produces better image resolution, clear anatomical details, and is able to accurately detect abnormalities. At the Radiology Installation of Brebes Hospital, the CT-Scan Urography examination is carried out without fasting requirements. Patients are only asked to remove metal objects from the abdominal area and hold urination before the examination begins. This aims to keep the urinary bladder (VU) fully filled so that it facilitates the evaluation of the anatomy of the urinary system, especially in detecting kidney stones which are the main complaints of patients. This study aims to find out in detail the procedure for CT-Scan Urography clinical urography of kidney stones, as well as the reasons why patients are asked to hold urination and are not asked to fast before the procedure is performed. The research method used is a mix method, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research sample consisted of 3 patients who underwent CT-Scan Urography clinical examination of kidney stones at the Radiology Installation of Brebes Hospital. The results of the study showed that the procedure started from the patient's preparation, such as removing metal objects, drinking mineral water, and holding urination so that the VU was fully filled, thus helping the visualization of organs and urinary tract. This examination does not require fasting because the CT-Scan modality is able to provide a clear picture of the anatomy of the urinary tract without interference from the digestive system. These findings confirm that the CT-Scan Urography procedure at Brebes Hospital is simple, effective, practical, and provides optimal diagnostic results for patients.

Class C sand mining activities in Nagari Aia Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency have been ongoing since 1999 and continue to expand to this day. This mining provides economic contributions to the local community, but on the other hand, it also has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on land cover changes. This study aims to analyze changes in open land caused by sand mining activities, using remote sensing technology as a monitoring tool. The approach used is descriptive quantitative, through the interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2018 and Sentinel-2 imagery in 2024. Spatial analysis was conducted with the help of ArcGIS software to obtain a visual and numerical picture of land cover changes. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the area of sand mining from 2015 to 2024. In 2015, the mining area was recorded at 8.72 hectares, and increased to 22.14 hectares in 2024. This indicates an increase in mining land area of 13.42 hectares over a nine-year period. Land use conversion has occurred on a massive scale, from dryland forest, scrubland, and dryland areas to open-pit mining areas. This land cover change has the potential to cause environmental degradation such as erosion, reduced biodiversity, and disruption to regional water systems. These findings underscore the importance of stricter monitoring and sustainable spatial planning in natural resource management. The use of remote sensing technology has proven effective in monitoring the dynamics of land use change and can serve as a basis for formulating environmental policies that are more responsive to the impacts of mining activities.

Understanding the methods used by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) is important to be understood by the public in order to gain stronger confidence in the implementation of its fatwa. Of the various methods of determining law or ijtihad, one of the ones used by DSN-MUI is Istishab. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of the Istishab ijtihad method in determining fatwas in DSN-MUI, especially fatwa on rahn tasjily and rahn emas. The research method used uses a Qualitative method with a normative juridical approach that uses secondary and analytical descriptive data as the data analysis technique used. The results of this study state that one of the legal sources used by DSN-MUI in formulating its fatwa is istishab. In general, in the application of istishab in its fatwa, DSN-MUI in most of its fatwas uses the rules derived from isitishab in the form of the law of origin of muamalat is permissible. However, there are two fatwas that clearly show the use of istishab in the issuance of fatwa, namely in Fatwa D about Rahn Emas and Rahn Tasjily. In both fatwas, the elements that become the harmony and conditions in the use of istishab as a legal evidence have been fulfilled, both of which are related to rahn in general that have taken place in the past, which then these postulates are used to determine the applicability of the rahn law in the present time which is used in the form of golden rahn and rahn tasjily. In addition, it also uses derivative rules from istihab itself in the form of the basic law of muamalat, which is permissible until there is evidence that supports it.  

The nutritional status of elementary school children serves as a vital indicator of their overall growth, development, and future health outcomes. Poor nutritional status, whether in the form of undernutrition or overweight, can lead to a range of health and academic performance issues. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Grade 4A students at SD 064981 Cempaka Raya using anthropometric measurements and to examine the association between snacking habits and nutritional categories. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a total sampling approach involving all 20 students in the class. Data collection consisted of direct height and weight measurements conducted according to standardized procedures. The data were then analyzed using the WHO Anthro Plus software to classify nutritional status into undernourished, normal, overweight, and obese categories. Additionally, information on students’ snacking habits during school hours was obtained through structured questionnaires. The results indicated that 25% of students were undernourished, 50% had normal nutritional status, 20% were overweight, and 5% were obese. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) between snacking behavior and nutritional status. Specifically, all students who reported frequent consumption of snacks at school were classified as overweight or obese, whereas those who did not engage in frequent snacking predominantly fell within the undernourished or normal categories. These findings highlight the potential role of unhealthy snacking patterns in contributing to excessive weight gain among school-age children. Based on the results, it is recommended that nutrition education programs be implemented for both students and parents, coupled with stricter regulations on the availability and sale of high-calorie snack foods within the school environment. Such measures may serve as preventive strategies to promote healthy growth, maintain optimal nutritional status, and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life.