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The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the characteristics of a good mobile learning application to improve computational thinking and learning independence of high school students. (2) to produce a mobile learning application that is oriented towards computational thinking skills and student learning independence with good quality. The quality of the development results is determined based on Nieveen's criteria, namely valid, practical, and effective. This study is a research and development (R&D) that uses the Borg & Gall development model with 8 development steps, namely preliminary study, planning, initial product development, small group trials, main product revision, limited scale trials, operational product revisions and large-scale trials. The subjects in this study were 36 students from one class at SMA Negeri 1 Gamping, Sleman Regency. The instrument used to measure the validity of the mobile learning application is the expert validation sheet. The instrument to measure the practicality of the mobile learning application is the student response questionnaire. The instrument to measure the effectiveness of the application is the computational thinking test and the student learning independence questionnaire. Validity and practicality data analysis was conducted by converting quantitative data into qualitative form in the form of four standard scale values, while effectiveness data analysis based on test and questionnaire results was conducted using paired sample t-test. The results of the study showed that (1) Mobile learning applications have the characteristics of being easy to apply, flexible to time, lightweight and easy to carry anywhere and also implementing each computational thinking indicator in each stage of the material. (2) The results of expert validation showed that the developed mobile learning application met the valid criteria as seen by the Aiken's validity test score for media experts of 0.83 and 0.68 for material experts. The practicality of the mobile learning application is included in the very good category as seen from the average results with an average percentage of student responses of 87.17%. The effectiveness of the computational thinking test obtained a t-value of 47.22 greater than t (35,0.05) with a score of 1.69, the effectiveness of the learning independence test based on the t test obtained a t-value of 4.85 greater than t (35,0.05) with a score of 1.69. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the developed mobile learning application meets the criteria of validity, practicality and effectiveness.

Conventional physics learning tends not to connect the material studied by students with their environment. Learning needs to be designed contextually by teachers using the Contextual Teaching and Learning model. The use of digital Flipbook media is intended to be accessible to the students anytime and anywhere. This research aims to determine the increase in mastery of vibration and wave material in class VIII2 students at SMPN 8 Ambon. This type of research is one group pretest-posttest, with 28 students as research samples obtained by using purposive sampling techniques. This research data was collected through test and non-test instruments. Test instrument was used for initial tests and final tests, while non-test instruments are Student Worksheets (LKPD) and student response questionnaires. The results of the research showed that 100% of the students' initial abilities were in the failing qualification with an average score of 23.0. During the learning process, the average student achievement score was 82.6 or good qualifications. The average final test achievement score of students reached 82.4 with good qualifications. For the N-Gain Test results, the average student score was 0.77 or high qualification. Students' responses to digital flipbook media in learning science (physics) achieved very good qualifications with an average score of 98.47. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning  model assisted by digital Flipbook media can improve the mastery of vibration and wave material for class VIII2 students at SMPN 8 Ambon.

This study aims to find out whether Project Based Learning using scrapbooks has an effect on improving student learning outcomes in human excretory system material at SMA Negeri 1 Motoling. This study was conducted using an experimental method with a pre-test post-test control group design research design. The sample in this study consisted of two classes, namely class XI 5 as an experimental class with 20 students and class XI 7 as a control class with 20 students. The results of the research in the experimental class found that the maximum post-test score was 90, and the minimum score was 65 with an average number of 77. In the control class, the maximum post-test score was 85 and the minimum score was 20 with an average of 46.26. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the project-based learning model using scrapbooks on student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Motoling on the material of the human excretory system.

This research aims to analyze the influence of work engagement, work environment, and organizational learning on organizational commitment at the Nawangan Community Health Center. The sample in this study was 50 respondents who worked at the Nawangan Community Health Center. The data collection technique used was a survey method with the research instrument used was a questionnaire. The results of the instrument test stated that the data in this study was proven to be valid and reliable. The Classical Assumption Test states that the data in this study is normally distributed and produces a regression model that is free from multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. The results of this research prove that: (1) Work Engagement has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment, (2), Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment, (3) Organizational Learning has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment

This research aims to test whether the application of the Nature School method has a significant effect on improving the observation skills of class V students at MIS Nurul Yaqin. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of two cycles. Observations were made on teacher and student activities during the implementation of the Nature School method. The results of the research showed that this method proved effective in increasing teacher activity from 66.25% (fair) in cycle I to 76% (good) in cycle II, as well as student activity from 70% (fair) to 78% (good) in cycle II. Overall, the application of the Nature School method has proven to be effective in improving students' observation skills in science learning, especially on ecosystem topics. The great influence of this method on improving students' observation skills shows that the Nature School method can be an innovative learning alternative that is oriented towards students' direct interaction with the environment.

The research that has been carried out is entitled "Development of Character-Based Reading Books to Improve Reading Ability". The development of reading books as a medium to support learning has a wide relationship between writing, pictures, and others. This character-based reading book contains a brief text narrative that is connected to colored pictures and vocabulary that can be conveyed through illustrations and text. This research is a type of RND research using the ADDIE model. This research model is the ADDIE development model, namely (1) Analyze (2) Design (3) Develop (4) Implement (5) Evaluate. The results of the study show that (1) character-based reading books to improve the reading ability developed, data were obtained from media expert validators with a percentage of 80% in the valid category, material expert validators with a percentage of 80% in the valid category and linguist validators with a percentage of 80% in the valid category, (2) The results of the student response questionnaire obtained data on the percentage of responses from students of the limited test in grade III of SD Muhammadiyah 18 Medan,  with a percentage of 88% in the very practical category and a large group test of 91.4. Thus, the illustrated storybook developed is practical (3) The effectiveness of the reading book is seen from the test results and data obtained from the results of the field test in grade III of SD Muhammadiyah 18 Medan, with an average percentage of N Gain students of 84% in the Effective.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a very important part of an organization. In the digital era, HRM can be done more efficiently through mobile applications that allow access to employee data, HRM processes, or online attendance. However, the ability of an HRM mobile application to succeed depends on the usability factor or ease of use by users.  Talenta is one of Mekari's business platforms that provides a complete solution for all Human Resources (HR) and payroll management issues. Talenta is an application that will be used for Usability Testing using Cognitive Walkthrough. The initial stage in starting Usability Testing on the mobile-based Talenta application with the Cognitive Walkthrough method begins with conducting a literature study, learning the system or application, then making scenario questions based on the system. Then, respondents will be asked to complete the scenario questions. The scenario data collected includes; data on success in completing the scenario, data on errors in completing the scenario, and data on the time required to complete the scenario. Finally, the interview stage will be continued with the respondents on the scenarios that have been carried out. The scenario and interview data will be analyzed to calculate the effectiveness and efficiency aspects of the Talenta application. After the analysis stage, users will be given a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire to be answered using Google Form using a Likert scale. The results of the questionnaire will be analyzed using SUS calculations, and then suggestions and conclusions will be given in the aspect of user learning ability. After usability testing of Talenta mobile application using Cognitive Walkthrough and SUS methods, the following results were obtained: 78% effectiveness; 0.10 seconds efficiency; and 67 learning ability level. Talenta has met the usability criteria for mobile applications in general, including effectiveness and efficiency in using the ISO 9241-11 model. However, there are still shortcomings in the user learnability level. To improve the usability of this application, it is recommended to change the layout, menu, add features, as well as clarify some display features.

This study aims to optimize the implementation of the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithm for medical image classification by focusing on selecting the optimal KKK parameter and applying dimensionality reduction techniques to improve accuracy and efficiency. The data used was sourced from public medical image repositories such as The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and Medical Image Analysis datasets, covering various diseases, including brain tumors, lung cancer, and kidney lesions. The research process involves data collection, data preprocessing, dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), applying the K-NN algorithm with Euclidean, Minkowski, and Cosine distance metrics, and performance evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental results demonstrate that K=5with the Euclidean distance metric provides the best performance, achieving an accuracy of 90%. Additionally, PCA effectively reduces computational time by 30% without significantly compromising accuracy. This study proves that K-NN is an effective method for medical image classification. However, further research is needed to integrate K-NN with deep learning models to enhance performance and feature extraction capabilities.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the inquiry learning model in improving learning activities and student learning outcomes in the classroom using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method, data were collected from two cycles conducted in the same class. The results showed a significant increase in teacher and student activities, with the average teacher activity increasing from 62.49% to 87.49% and student activity from 60.46% to 85.04%. In addition, the average student learning outcomes also increased from 68.47 to 83.94. Nonetheless, the study identified challenges such as students' different abilities and limited resources that need to be addressed for successful implementation. The findings confirm the importance of innovation in learning methods to improve the quality of education and the need for continuous support from all relevant parties.

This research aims to analyze the effect of using time board media in increasing students' conceptual understanding of time material in class 1 of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia. The background to this research stems from students' low understanding of the concept of time due to learning methods that are still abstract. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with the Kemmis and McTaggart model which consists of two cycles. Each cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research results show that the use of time board media can significantly increase students' understanding of the concept of time. In pre-action, only 24.1% of students achieved good understanding, whereas after implementing time board media in the second cycle, this percentage increased to 72.4%. This increase shows that the time board media is effective in helping students understand the concept of time concretely. Thus, the use of time board media is recommended as an innovative learning strategy in increasing understanding of mathematical concepts in early grade students.

This articel discusses improving the ability to memorize the mufrodat of class IV students in the Arabic language subject material My Aspirations by applying flash card learning media in the private Ibtidaiyah Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Jelutung, Jambi City. This research uses the classroom action method which refers to the Kemmis and MC models. Taggart went through four stages, namely: (1) planning, (2) action, (3) observation and (4) reflection. This research consisted of initial observations and 2 cycles. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The research sample was class IV students at MIS Tarbiyah Islamiyah Jelutung, Jambi City in 2024/2025, totaling 14 people. The aim of this research is (1) by applying flash card media, it can improve class IV students' memorization of mufrodat in Arabic language subjects about my dreams. (2) the ability to memorize mufrodat in Arabic language lessons regarding ideals can be increased through the application of learning media flash cards. Data collection techniques in this research use observation sheets, tests and documentation. The results of this study stated that there was an increase in the ability to memorize mufrodat, this was proven by the pre-cycle percentage which was 37%, then the percentage of cycle I meeting I showed 43% of students who completed it, then cycle I meeting II was at 50%, cycle I experienced an increase but did not increase rapidly and had not yet reached the percentage of completeness, then cycle II, meeting I was 64%, had not yet reached the percentage of completeness, then continued in cycle II, meeting II showed 78% of students had completed. The findings of this research are that by applying flash card media you can improve your ability to memorize Arabic language subjects with my dream material.      

Corruption is one of the biggest problems facing Indonesia. Education plays an important role in building the character of the younger generation with integrity and anti-corruption. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of anti-corruption literacy in forming a corruption-free character of the younger generation at the Darel Hikmah Islamic Boarding School, which is one way to instill anti-corruption values ​​from an early age among students. Apart from that, this research also evaluates the application of a religion-based approach in tackling corrupt behavior and provides recommendations for developing similar programs in other Islamic boarding schools. The method used in this research is literature study, which involves a series of library data collection activities, reading, taking notes, and managing data objectively, systematically, analytically, and critically. The focus of this research is on The Power of Two learning model which aims to improve students' critical thinking skills at the Darel Hikmah Islamic Boarding School. The results of the research show that the anti-corruption literacy program implemented at the Darel Hikmah Pekanbaru Islamic Boarding School has proven to be quite effective in instilling the values ​​of integrity and honesty in its students. However, this research also identified challenges in implementing the program that require further attention. This shows the importance of continuous evaluation and development to ensure the success of the program in achieving the expected educational goals.

This study discusses the implementation of the inclusive education model in physical education for children with special needs (ABK) in elementary schools. The research method used is a case study with observations and interviews with teachers and students. The results of the study show that an inclusive approach in physical education helps improve social interaction, self-confidence, and motor skills of ABK. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptation strategies in physical learning for students with special needs.

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of sixth-grade students at SDN 104202 Bandar Setia Medan in solving fraction problems through the application of the STAD learning model. This research is classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were 25 sixth-grade students at SDN 104202 Bandar Setia Medan. Data collection instruments included student learning outcome tests and observations of student learning activities. The results showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the STAD learning model. In cycle I, the average student score was 65, increasing to 78 in cycle II. Student learning activities also increased, as indicated by the increased participation of students in group discussions and presentations of group work. The application of the STAD learning model proved effective in improving student learning outcomes in solving fraction problems. This is because the STAD learning model encourages students to collaborate, discuss, and help each other in understanding the concept of fractions. In addition, the element of competition between groups also motivates students to study harder. This research recommends that the STAD learning model can be applied in mathematics learning in elementary schools to improve student learning outcomes, especially in fraction materials. Further research can investigate the application of the STAD learning model on other mathematics materials or at different educational levels.

This study aims to explore the influence of the Discovery Learning model on student learning outcomes and to assess the level of student learning activity on the material of light properties. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment. The study population included all fifth grade students of SDN 060928, with samples taken from 30 students of class VA who applied the Discovery Learning model, while class VB used the conventional learning model. The study began with a pretest, followed by a posttest after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. The instruments used consisted of a test in the form of 20 multiple-choice questions to measure learning outcomes and an observation sheet to assess student activity. Data analysis tools include validity, reliability, discrimination, and difficulty level tests. Statistical analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests, two-mean difference tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the average learning outcome in the experimental class was 77.66, higher than the control class which only reached 62.16. In addition, student learning activities in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model showed a significant level of activity with an average value of 76.30. The use of the Discovery Learning model has a positive effect on student learning outcomes and activities in science learning on the properties of light.  

This study aims to describe how to improve students' learning outcomes in Geometry learning using the Problem Based Learning model in class V of SDN 18 Tebing Tinggi, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK) using qualitative and quantitative approaches which are carried out in two cycles, with research procedures. The results of the study showed an increase in geometry learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. The results of the observation of the teaching module in the first cycle of the first meeting were obtained 79% (C) then in the first cycle of the second meeting the result of 87% (B) for that the observation of the first cycle of the teaching module was obtained an average of 83% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 95% (SB). Second, the results of the observation of the implementation of teacher aspect learning in the first cycle of the first meeting obtained a result of 78% (C), then in the first cycle of the second meeting obtained a result of 86% (B) for that the results of the observation of the teacher aspect obtained an average of 82% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 93% (SB). Third, the results of the implementation of learning aspects of students in the first cycle of meeting I obtained a result of 78% (C), then in the first cycle of meeting II obtained a result of 86% (B) for that the results of observation of the student aspect obtained an average of 82% (B), increasing in the second cycle to 93% (SB). Fourth, the learning outcomes of students in the first cycle of meeting I were obtained with a result of 71 (C), then in the first cycle of meeting II a result of 81 (B) for that the learning results of the first cycle were obtained an average of 76 (C), increasing in the second cycle to 90 (SB). Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' learning outcomes in Geometry learning in grade V of SDN 18 Tebing Tinggi, South Pesisir Regency

This study aims to examine the impact of implementing the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on improving academic motivation and learning achievement in Indonesian language lessons at SD Pangeran Antasari Medan. The TPS model was chosen because it encourages students to actively engage in discussions and collaborate, which can enhance their involvement in learning. The research method used is a quantitative approach with an experimental design, where data is collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure changes in students' motivation and academic performance. In addition, a questionnaire was used to assess students' academic motivation. The results of the study show a significant improvement in both academic motivation and learning achievement after the implementation of the TPS model. Normality and statistical tests were conducted to ensure the validity of the data. This study provides benefits for the development of Indonesian language teaching at the elementary level by introducing a method that can effectively improve students' motivation and academic performance.

The learning of Javanese script at SDN Denanyar 1 faces significant challenges, particularly in mastering sandhangan swara. Students struggle to understand the material due to the complexity of Javanese script and the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging. Therefore, innovation in teaching methods is needed by implementing a flipped classroom model that utilizes instructional videos. The aim of this study is to examine the implementation of the video-based flipped classroom model and assess its effectiveness in improving the ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script among fourth-grade students at SDN Denanyar 1. This research uses a mixed-method approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The research stages include observation, interviews, pretest, implementation of the flipped classroom model, and posttest. The study sample consists of 30 fourth-grade students. The results indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 54% and a posttest score of 75%. Additionally, students became more motivated and proactive during the learning process, while teachers successfully created a more innovative learning environment. The conclusion of this study is that the flipped classroom model using instructional videos is effective in enhancing students' ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script and makes learning more interactive and enjoyable.

This research is motivated by the lack of ability of prospective teachers in communicating with students which causes the learning process to be less effective. The purpose of this study is to analyze learning communication using the VICS (Verbal Interaction Category Systems) model for prospective vocational teachers in the Teaching Skills Practice (PKM). This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with case study analysis. The sample is students who are taking part in the Teaching Skills Practice (PKM) at SMK Teknik Bangunan as many as 3 people. Data collection uses interaction observation instruments, interviews and documentation. The results of the study showed that the average frequency of areas A, B, D, E, D, H, I was very high at 46.65% which stated that prospective teachers still dominate during learning activities compared to students, the frequency of areas C, G, J, K, L, M, P, Q, R was 30.37% which stated that there was already feedback interaction between prospective teachers and students, and the frequency of areas N, O, S, T was only 22.98% which stated that student activities were still too passive compared to teachers during the learning process in class. Thus, it can be concluded that learning communication carried out in teaching skills practice is dominated by the teacher.

One of the main components of the independent curriculum is character and numeracy learning. These two components are among the abilities that elementary school students must have. The aim of this research is to look at problems in learning numeracy and character literacy which are requirements for making learning products. This research is qualitative and uses interviews and observations. The subjects of this research were teachers and students of class IV SDN 060970 Medan Belawan. The results of data analysis show that this research focuses on three main themes: lack of teaching materials to improve numeracy literacy skills, lack of numeracy literacy training, and behavioral problems related to character. Future researchers can use the findings of this research to assess the need to create learning models, learning modules, and teacher guidebooks that aim to improve students' numeracy skills and character.