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Drug misuse continues to be a complicated social and legal issue that has an impact on societal stability, public health, and personal wellbeing. Many criminal justice systems have moved away from punitive tactics in favor of rehabilitation-focused ones in recent years, especially for drug users who are frequently viewed as sufferers of addiction rather than serious criminals. The National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in Indonesia is implementing rehabilitation programs and restorative justice processes as a result of this change. This study investigates the efficacy of restorative justice in drug rehabilitation at Jambi Province's National Narcotics Agency and evaluates its applicability from the standpoint of Islamic law, specifically the framework of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study uses a case study design and a qualitative methodology. Participant observation, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with BNN officials, rehabilitation counselors, medical staff, and ex-drug users were used to gather data. The results show that an integrated evaluation system that assesses drug users' physical, psychological, and social states in order to determine their eligibility for recovery is used to institutionally apply restorative justice principles. Combining medical care, psychological counseling, and social reintegration programs, the rehabilitation programs greatly aid in participants' recuperation, enhance psychological stability, and fortify familial ties. Additionally, by promoting individual responsibility, family support, and community involvement, restorative justice-based rehabilitation lowers the risk of recidivism. From the standpoint of Islamic legal philosophy, these actions are consistent with the goals of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, specifically the defense of human dignity, life (ḥifḍ al-nafs), and intellect (ḥifḍ al-ʿaql). According to the study's findings, restorative justice-based rehabilitation is a compassionate and successful method of treating drug dependency while encouraging social reintegration and long-term recovery.

Adolescence is a period of change or transition from childhood to adulthood, encompassing biological, psychological, and social changes. Adolescent girls experience menstruation every month, which puts them at risk of anemia, compounded by poor dietary habits and the failure to consume iron tablets. Rapid adolescent growth is linked to nutritional fulfillment or adolescent consumption of nutrients, one of which is iron consumption. Insufficient iron consumption can lead to anemia in adolescents. Strategies to address anemia in adolescent girls include improving dietary intake and providing iron tablet supplementation. Changing dietary patterns is an important long-term strategy, but cannot be expected to be successful quickly. Anemia is a global health problem, especially in developing countries, where an estimated 30% of the world's population suffers from anemia. Adolescent girls are ten times more likely to suffer from anemia than boys. Efforts to prevent anemia in adolescents through iron tablet supplementation are a strategic, specific intervention to prepare healthy mothers-to-be. The aim was to determine the effect of iron (Fe) tablet administration on increasing Hb levels in adolescent girls with mild anemia. This study was quantitative, with an experimental design. The population in this study were 55 young women at the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency. A purposive sample of 30 samples was taken. Data collection in this study was carried out by examining Hb levels before and after administering iron tablets 4 times in a row for 4 weeks. The results of the study were that there was no significant difference between Hb levels before and after administering iron tablets in young women at the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency. The average Hb level before administering iron tablets was 11.5 g/dL, and after administering iron tablets was 12 g/dL. The results of the paired t-test showed a difference before and after administering iron tablets (p value = 0.001), so the test has an effect on administering iron tablets (Fe) on increasing Hb levels in young women with mild anemia in the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency.

Dental caries is a health problem that can occur across all age groups, with children being particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to investigate the association between fluoride concentrations in dug well water and tooth-brushing practices with the incidence of dental caries among children aged 6–10 years in RT 5, Waplau Village. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied. The study involved 64 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, supported by chi-square statistical testing. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between fluoride levels and dental caries (p = 0.013; p < 0.05). Additionally, tooth-brushing habits were significantly associated with the occurrence of dental caries in children (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). In summary, the fluoride content in the well water used by respondents was within acceptable limits, and tooth-brushing behavior contributed to the development of dental caries among children in RT 5, Waplau Village.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a structural or functional abnormality of the kidneys that lasts ≥3 months with the criteria of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or the presence of kidney damage such as albuminuria and urinary abnormalities (Kidney International, 2024). CKD patients, especially those treated in intensive care units, often experience gastrointestinal disorders such as increased volume of gastric residues. Giving enteral nutrition to patients with NGT can increase the volume of gastric residue which is at risk of causing complications. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be carried out is abdominal massage, which is a light massage technique in the abdominal area that can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and improve gastrointestinal motility. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of  giving abdominal massage on reducing the volume of gastric residue in CKD patients in the ICU. This scientific paper uses a case study design using abdominal mass therapy. The number of respondents was 3 people, the intervention was carried out for 3 days with a time of 10-15 minutes. The application of abdominal massage therapy in the three respondents showed a decrease in the volume of gastric residue after admixture was carried out  for three consecutive days with an average decrease in the volume of gastric residue, which was 50 cc - 75 cc. Abdominal massage is a safe and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce gastric residue volume and support enteral nutrient tolerance in CKD patients in the ICU.

Hypertension is a global health issue and major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, requiring lifelong medication. In addition to pharmacological treatment, healthy lifestyle changes and non pharmacological therapies such as warm water foot soaks, can help prevent complications by inducing vasodilation to lower blood pressure. This study aims to describe nursing care for hypertensive patients, focusing on the application of warm water foot soaks to reduce blood pressure in an inpatient setting. Methods a descriptive case study approach was used three hypertensive respondents. The intervention involved 15 minute warm water foot soaks at a temperature of 39-40°C, conducted once daily for three days. Data were collected using digital sphygmomanometers and observation sheets, with measurements taken before and after the intervention. Results, after the therapy, all respondents showed an average reduction in blood pressure, with systolic pressure decreasing by 6,6 mmHg and diastolic by 2,3 mmHg. Respondents also reported felling more relaxed and experiencing lighter sensations in their legs. Conclusion, warm water foot soak therapy is an effective, safe, and cost efficient non pharmacological intervention for hypertensive nursing care, suitable for implementation by both nurses dan families.

Patient satisfaction is a key requirement for successful hospital services, influenced by factors such as mismatched expectations, nurses' personal behavior, high costs, and an unsupportive environment. Nurses' therapeutic communication plays a crucial role in increasing satisfaction in the inpatient ward by building trust and reducing misunderstandings in multicultural patients. Objective: To determine the relationship between nurses' therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Ward of Khidmat Sehat Afiat (KiSA) Regional General Hospital, Depok City in 2025. Method: A quantitative, analytical correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. The adult patient population was 120 people from August to October 2025, with a sample of 97 respondents via simple random sampling (with a 5% dropout rate). Data were collected using a questionnaire at KiSA Regional General Hospital, Depok (October-November 2025), and analyzed using chi-square for categorical variables. Results: 87.6% of nurses used good therapeutic communication; patient satisfaction was 79.3% satisfied, 27.3% quite satisfied, and 0% dissatisfied. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.008 <0.05, indicating a significant relationship. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nurses' therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction levels in the Asoka Inpatient Ward of KiSA Regional General Hospital. Suggestion: Nurses should improve their skills through active listening, verbal empathy, information clarification, self-evaluation, and shift discussions for multicultural patients in Depok.

Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation. Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation.

Leadership constitutes a critical determinant of organizational efficiency, yet the relationship between leadership styles and administrative effectiveness remains incompletely understood, particularly across different institutional contexts. This comparative study examines how transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles influence administrative efficiency in public and private sector institutions in Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected from 428 employees across 28 public institutions and 24 private organizations through validated survey instruments; qualitative data were gathered through 36 semi-structured interviews with organizational leaders and managers. Results reveal significant positive relationships between transformational leadership and administrative efficiency in both sectors (β = 0.54, p < 0.001 for public; β = 0.48, p < 0.001 for private), with transactional leadership showing moderate positive effects (β = 0.32 public; β = 0.38 private) and laissez-faire leadership demonstrating negative relationships (β = −0.28 public; β = −0.24 private). Leadership styles collectively explain 52% of efficiency variance. Mediation analysis reveals that organizational culture (28%), employee engagement (35%), and trust in leadership (22%) partially mediate transformational leadership's effects, together accounting for 62% of total indirect effects. Sector differences emerged qualitatively: transformational leadership leverages public service motivation in public institutions, while transactional leadership's performance accountability resonates more strongly in private organizations. The study contributes theoretical understanding of leadership effectiveness across institutional contexts and provides practical guidance for developing contextually appropriate leadership development programs.

The research aims to find out and lyze the influence of employee empowerment on goal orientation through work accurancy at the Gempolkrep Sugar Factory, Gedeg district, Mojokerto Regency. The research method used is a quantitative research method with the number of samples used as many as 117 respondents using probability sampling techniques with proportionate random sampling techniques. The method used in the collection of data this study is to use a questionaire method with a scale os assesment using the likert scale. The data analysis technique used in this study is using SEM (stuctural equation modeling) with analysis test tools using IBM SPSS AMOS Statistics Version 22 software. The results showed that : 1) Employee empowerment has a significant and positive effect on the work accurancy of the Gempolkrep Sugar Factory in Mojokerto Regency. 2) Eployee empowerment has an significant and negative effect on the goal orientation of the Gempolkrep Sugar Factory in Mojokerto Regency. 3) Work accurancy has an significant and positive effect on the goal orientation of the Gempolkrep Sugar Factory in Mojokerto Regency.

This study aims to examine the use of picture books as a visual literacy medium in teaching English at the elementary school level, particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This research employed a qualitative descriptive literature review by analyzing relevant national and international journal articles published within the last five years. The findings indicate that the integration of visual and verbal elements in picture books contributes significantly to students’ language development, especially in vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, and meaning construction. From an affective perspective, the use of picture books enhances students’ motivation, learning interest, classroom participation, and reduces language learning anxiety. The effectiveness of visual media is theoretically supported by Dual Coding Theory, which explains that information processed through both verbal and visual channels strengthens memory retention and comprehension. However, several challenges remain, including the selection of appropriate picture books and teachers’ limited competence in visual literacy. Therefore, systematic instructional planning and professional development for teachers are essential to optimize the use of picture books in EFL classrooms at the elementary level.

Curiosity is a very important capital to start learning. Because, with curiosity, humans can dig up interesting information and tips so that they can gain broader insight. In this sophisticated era, it is easier for people to find the information they need. One media that is often used to access information is YouTube. There are many videos on YouTube that can provide interesting and quality information, one of which is Maudy Ayunda's video. This research aims to describe the forms of assertive speech acts contained in the booklist edition of Maudy Ayunda's YouTube channel. The approach used in this research is methodological and theoretical. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and a pragmatic approach. The data collection method used in this research was the observation method, followed by the observation technique. The data analysis method in this research is the pragmatic subtype. The research results found that there were types of assertive speech acts including, namely, assertive speech acts stating 31 data, suggesting 11 data, boasting that no data was found, complaining about 5 data, and claiming 14 data.

This study investigates collaborative governance in road infrastructure repair in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, driven by the urgent need to address the high number of damaged roads and the limitations of local government capabilities. Utilizing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data were gathered from interviews with five stakeholders, field observations, and supporting documents. The study applies collaborative governance theory by Emerson and Nabatchi to analyze road repair efforts in Pekanbaru, highlighting effective collaborative dynamics. Key findings reveal the establishment of a Coordination Team, role clarity, trust, and commitment among stakeholders as factors of success. Essential contributing elements include shared cooperation needs, consequential incentives, leadership support, and sufficient resources. However, challenges such as a volatile political climate, unequal information distribution, and power imbalances pose barriers to collaboration. Overall, the study concludes that collaborative governance in Pekanbaru's road infrastructure enhancement has yielded positive outcomes but calls for improvements in transparency, communication strategies, and the establishment of an integrated information system for effective progress monitoring. Additionally, independent oversight mechanisms are recommended to sustain equitable role distribution and responsibilities among all parties involved.

The application of social interaction in social life in society is not always harmonious. What happened is a difference in thoughts, opinions, and desires between one person and another. This difference became the origin of dispute or conflict in society. This ultimately encouraged those who started out modern-minded to develop dispute resolution mechanisms from their simplest form to what is now called the judicial system, which refers to positive law and social norms or rules. By using normative juridical research methods, namely research through a case approach, because this study aims to determine the efforts to resolve and legal consequences in the Tuban District Court Decision No. 22/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Tbn which is associated with applicable legal regulations and theories. In principle, the conciliation process can only proceed if the parties of the conflict act in good faith. The agreement reached is actually the result of mutual agreement, so that the deed of peace has the same legal force as a court decision (verdict) that is final and binding, and all legal remedies against permanently binding conciliation decisions/notices have ended.

The customary forest of Sub-Tribe Afsya, Bariat Village, South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua is a lowland tropical rainforest of approximately 2,500 hectares managed under the indigenous "Sasi Adat" system. This study aimed to determine bird species diversity, evenness of distribution, and the relationship between bird communities and vegetation structure. Research was conducted in January 2026 using a combination of line transect and point count methods along five 1,000-meter transects, observed in the morning (06:00–10:00 WIT) and afternoon (15:30–18:00 WIT). Data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Simpson's Dominance Index (D), Evenness Index (E), and vegetation Important Value Index (IVI). The study recorded 30 bird species from 16 families with 492 individuals, including 12 Papua-endemic species protected under Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/2018. H’ values ranged from 1.197 to 2.472 (moderate to high); dominance was low to moderate; and evenness ranged from 0.668 to 0.933, with most transects showing high evenness (E > 0.75). Vegetation was dominated by damar trees (Agathis labillardierei) and fruiting trees synergistically supporting frugivore, insectivore, and nectarivore bird guilds. The Sasi Adat management system demonstrably contributes to habitat quality, rendering this forest of significant conservation value for Southwest Papua's avifauna.

The development of digital media has transformed Islamic da’wah into a digitally mediated form of religious communication, reshaping structures of authority, engagement, and community formation. However, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive structural map. This study conducted a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) of Scopus-indexed publications on Islamic da’wah via digital platforms from 2016 to 2026. Using PRISMA-based screening techniques and bibliometric methods—including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses with VOSviewer—the study analyzed 74 peer-reviewed journal articles. The results indicate a significant increase in the number of publications, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. The field is structured around four main themes: platform-based engagement strategies, youth identity formation, digital authority and ethics, and the adaptation of prophetic communication principles to the online context. Although Indonesia and Malaysia dominate the research output, the collaborative network remains relatively dispersed. New topics such as the influence of algorithms and AI-supported da‘wah suggest an expansion toward interdisciplinary directions. This study provides the first comprehensive map based on Scopus for research on Islamic digital da‘wah and offers a foundation for future theoretical and empirical development.

Community service at Toko Entus Collection aimed to improve operational efficiency and sales through the implementation of a digital system. Students actively participated in managing social media, online promotions, and digital stock monitoring. Observations showed that digital media can disseminate product information widely, enhance consumer interaction, and support sales growth. Challenges included limited digital knowledge of the store manager, limited time for promotions, and inconsistent consumer responses. Direct guidance, socialization of digital media use, and adjustment of promotional strategies helped overcome these challenges. Students’ hands-on experience allowed the application of digital marketing theory to real business situations, while store managers benefited from improved operational performance. Therefore, this community service provides dual benefits: practical learning for students and increased competitiveness for SMEs.

The manufacturing industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth along with the increasing demand from society for various industrial products. This condition encourages manufacturing companies to improve productivity, product quality, and production process efficiency in order to compete in the global market. One of the efforts that companies can undertake is the consistent implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at every stage of the production process. This activity aims to determine the implementation of SOP in the emboss production process at PT Nikomas Gemilang and to examine its influence on the work efficiency of operators. The method used in this activity is a qualitative descriptive method with a participatory approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, direct work practice, and documentation during the implementation of the internship program (Kuliah Kerja Praktik/KKP). The results of the activity indicate that the implementation of SOP in the emboss production process has been carried out through several stages, namely the preparation stage, machine operation stage, and production result evaluation stage.

This community service activity aims to analyze the effectiveness of Time and Motion Study in the production process at PT. Adis Dimension Footwear and provide recommendations for improving work methods. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that implementing Time and Motion Study can enhance work time efficiency, optimize operator movements, and increase productivity by up to 15%. Reducing unnecessary movements, optimizing workflow, and training operators significantly improve production performance. The success of this method depends heavily on socialization, training, and management support. These findings confirm that Time and Motion Study serves not only as a tool for measuring time and movements but also as a strategic instrument for improving efficiency, reducing waste, and increasing overall productivity.

The development of information technology has encouraged improvements in public service quality, including at the village government level. In Sunggal Kanan Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, the process of submitting public complaints and aspirations is still carried out manually, resulting in issues related to documentation, transparency, and follow-up actions. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Village Public Complaint and Aspiration Information System using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The RAD method was chosen because it emphasizes fast system development through iterative stages involving active user participation, namely Requirements Planning, User Design, Construction, and Cutover. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and literature studies. The developed system provides features such as user registration and login, complaint and aspiration submission forms, report status tracking, and an admin dashboard for managing and following up on reports. The results show that the system improves efficiency, transparency, and accountability in managing public aspirations. Through this system, citizens can submit reports online without visiting the village office and monitor their report status in real time. The implementation of the RAD method proved effective in delivering a system that meets user needs within a relatively short development time.

This study aims to analyze the workload of sewing operators within a single production line and to equalize the workload using the line balancing method at PT. Pan Brothers. The garment industry requires high production efficiency; therefore, balanced workload distribution among operators is necessary to ensure optimal production processes. This research used an observational approach with data collection through direct observation of the sewing process, literature study, and documentation of production data. The research population consisted of 36 operators on the observed production line, analyzed through time study activities. The analyzed data included cycle time, takt time, and work processes at each workstation. The results showed that several processes had cycle times exceeding the takt time, specifically in processes number 2, 5, 6, 12, 17, 23, and 26, which caused bottlenecks and workload imbalance among operators. The calculation results indicated that the actual process time reached 520 seconds per product, while the ideal time based on takt time was 287 seconds per product, resulting in a time difference of 233 seconds or about 44% longer than the standard time. The implementation of the line balancing method was carried out by redistributing work elements from processes with high workloads to processes with remaining work capacity. The improvement results showed that the workload among operators became more balanced, the production process became more efficient, and the potential for bottlenecks could be minimized, enabling the company to achieve its production targets.