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Earthquakes are natural disasters that frequently occur in coastal areas, posing significant threats to the survival and well-being of local communities. Due to the high vulnerability of these regions, it is crucial for the population to possess adequate preparedness and a strong sense of self-efficacy in responding to such disasters. Self-efficacy, referring to an individual's belief in their ability to overcome challenges or manage difficult situations, is considered a key factor in preparing for and responding to earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to be better prepared for natural disasters, including earthquakes. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and earthquake preparedness in the Parangtritis community, specifically in Dusun Sono. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which self-efficacy is related to earthquake preparedness. This study employs a descriptive correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, allowing the researcher to identify the relationship between two variables at a single point in time. A sample of 85 respondents was selected using purposive sampling, based on specific characteristics relevant to the research objectives. The respondents were from the Dusun Sono community, Parangtritis. Data were analyzed using Kendall’s Tau test to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and preparedness for earthquake disasters. The analysis revealed that 74.1% of respondents exhibited high self-efficacy, and 49.9% demonstrated good preparedness. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between self-efficacy and earthquake preparedness, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), suggesting that the results are highly unlikely to have occurred by chance. Additionally, the correlation coefficient of 0.615 indicates a moderate strength of the relationship between the two variables. These findings provide strong evidence that higher levels of self-efficacy are associated with better preparedness for earthquake disasters.

This study originates from the difficulties student pilots encounter when deciding to perform a go-around during unstable strong wind (gusty wind) conditions, especially on the runway at Banyuwangi Airport. The go-around procedure is a vital element in maintaining flight safety, but for inexperienced students, the decision is often challenging and influenced by multiple factors. The purpose of this research is to explore and analyze the aspects that affect student pilots’ considerations when faced with gusty wind situations. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with both student pilots and flight instructors. The findings reveal that several elements play key roles in shaping decision-making, including the level of flight experience, the application of aeronautical decision-making (ADM) principles, situational awareness in rapidly changing conditions, and the psychological pressures experienced during critical phases of flight. These insights emphasize the importance of strengthening pilot training programs, particularly in weather-related decision-making scenarios. By integrating structured ADM training and enhancing awareness of environmental factors, student pilots can be better prepared to respond to challenging conditions. The outcomes of this research are expected to support improvements in aviation education, reduce potential risks, and foster a stronger safety culture among future pilots.

Injection contraception is one of the most widely used family planning methods in Indonesia. However, its use is often associated with side effects in the form of weight gain. The commonly used types of injection contraception are the 1-month and 3-month injections, each containing different hormonal contents, which are suspected to have different effects on the weight of the acceptors. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of 1-month and 3-month injection contraception on weight gain in family planning acceptors at PMB Wahyuning Purwati Sleman Regency. This research employs a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 37 injectable contraceptive acceptors was selected using accidental sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test to determine body weight changes before and after using injectable contraceptives. The results showed an increase in body weight among users of the 1-month injectable contraceptive with an average of 3.158 kg (p<0.000) and among users of the 3-month injectable contraceptive with an average of 3.653 kg (p<0.006). Both types of injectable contraception showed a significant effect on weight gain. The weight gain was greater in users of the 3-month injection compared to the 1-month injection. There is a need for more intensive education and counseling for contraceptive acceptors regarding the side effects of injectable contraception and the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Positive social interaction among nursing students can be disrupted by Toxic Friendship and Body Shaming, which affect empathy, communication, and the quality of nursing care in the future. This study aims to analyze the correlation between Body Shaming and Toxic Friendship with social interaction among Nursing Students at Universitas Indonesia Maju in 2025. The research method used was quantitative with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. A cluster sampling technique was applied, involving 82 respondents. Data were collected using social interaction, Body Shaming, and Toxic Friendship questionnaires measured with a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation. The results showed that: (1) the majority of respondents had a moderate level of Body Shaming, with 60 students or 73.2%; (2) the majority of respondents had a high level of Toxic Friendship, with 52 students or 63.4%; (3) there was a significant relationship between Body Shaming and social interaction among Nursing Students at Universitas Indonesia Maju with a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05; and (4) there was a significant relationship between Toxic Friendship and social interaction among Nursing Students at Universitas Indonesia Maju with a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between Body Shaming and Toxic Friendship with social interaction. The study suggests socializing the impacts of Body Shaming and Toxic Friendship.

Criminal law based on genetic determinism was once rejected in modern criminal law systems because it was deemed contrary to the principle of individual responsibility. However, the rise of epigenetics and neurocriminology in contemporary legal practice indicates a reconstitution of the biological basis for attribution of criminal culpability. This study aims to analyze the extent to which developments in epigenetics reopen opportunities for the operation of biological approaches in criminal law, while also critiquing the conceptual dangers they pose to the principles of justice and moral responsibility. The research method uses a normative legal approach with a conceptual approach. The results show that epigenetics works as a tool for scientific validation of the formation of risk categories in criminal law, while simultaneously weakening the perpetrator's position as a moral subject. The criminal law structure that technocratically accepts biological arguments creates a new form of legal exclusion through medical classifications that are not open to ethical evaluation. In this situation, the law operates as an instrument of biological management of bodies deemed deviant. The position of neurocriminology in this case is no longer merely a tool, but rather the center of the configuration of biolegal power that defines responsibility based on predisposition, not will. Therefore, a new normative framework is needed that can uphold the principle of individual responsibility while rejecting the ethical reduction of biological diagnoses in the criminal law system.

This study examines syntax, a branch of linguistics that investigating the structure and rules for constructing larger components such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The focus of this article is on analyzing sentences found in opinion texts. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of sentences in opinion articles from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja" as instructional materials for reading comprehension, particularly regarding word choice and punctuation. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, with a syntactic theoretical framework. The data presented is based on the analysis of sentence effectiveness in the opinion texts from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja." Data collection includes listening and note-taking techniques, while the analysis uses the Aghigh technique. The data is informally presented in tables that highlight ineffective sentences along with their corrections. The study of three opinion texts from the "Harian Jogja" website in January 2025 resulted in a total of 147 sentences, with 118 effective and 16 ineffective sentences. Specifically, in the opinion article titled "Ethics and Productivity of Generation Z," 37 sentences were effective and 5 were ineffective; in "The Rise of Online Purchasing Fraud," 55 sentences were effective and 15 were ineffective; and in "Going through Digital Transformation: Recruitment Challenges in Banking," 26 sentences were effective and 9 were ineffective. This study aims to help distinguish between effective and ineffective sentences in texts.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

An Anthology of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal State Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform contains ideas related to tobacco excise policy in supporting public health and optimizing state revenue. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinion pieces about a healthy Indonesia and optimal state revenue through tobacco excise policy reform. In conducting the research, the authors used a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection with this method is done using reading and recording techniques. This research uses text analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach as a data analysis technique. Based on the analysis that has been carried out on Bunga Rampai Collection of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform, 11 effective sentences have been found. Meanwhile, errors related to EYD and KBBI were also found with details in the form of 16 ineffective sentences, 31 ambiguous sentences, 5 sentences with capitalization errors, 12 sentences with nonstandard words, and 18 sentences with other types of errors. In addition to being used as a reference for analyzing sentence effectiveness, this research is also useful for enriching the study of tobacco excise policy communication, especially for RPJM 2025-2029 policymakers. In addition, this research can also be used as a reference for further research related to sentence effectiveness.

This study examines syntax, a branch of linguistics that investigating the structure and rules for constructing larger components such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The focus of this article is on analyzing sentences found in opinion texts. The primary goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of sentences in opinion articles from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja" as instructional materials for reading comprehension, particularly regarding word choice and punctuation. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, with a syntactic theoretical framework. The data presented is based on the analysis of sentence effectiveness in the opinion texts from the January 2025 edition of "Harian Jogja." Data collection includes listening and note-taking techniques, while the analysis uses the Aghigh technique. The data is informally presented in tables that highlight ineffective sentences along with their corrections. The study of three opinion texts from the "Harian Jogja" website in January 2025 resulted in a total of 147 sentences, with 118 effective and 16 ineffective sentences. Specifically, in the opinion article titled "Ethics and Productivity of Generation Z," 37 sentences were effective and 5 were ineffective; in "The Rise of Online Purchasing Fraud," 55 sentences were effective and 15 were ineffective; and in "Going through Digital Transformation: Recruitment Challenges in Banking," 26 sentences were effective and 9 were ineffective. This study aims to help distinguish between effective and ineffective sentences in texts.

This research analyses the effectiveness of descriptive text sentences on the January 2025 edition of Good News From Indonesia as a reading text feasibility. This research is motivated by the writer's analysis of sentences in descriptive texts that do not follow Indonesian language rules. This study aims to review the effectiveness of sentences in four description texts published on the Good News From Indonesia page, which are examined based on cohesion and coherence, word inefficiency, word inflexibility, and spelling errors, to produce more effective sentences, following Indonesian language rules. The method used in this research is a descriptive and theoretical approach using syntax to analyse the effectiveness of sentences. The analysis results in the 4 Good News From Indonesia description texts show several ineffective sentences, including word inefficiency, word inflexibility, spelling errors, and cohesion and coherence between sentences. With this research in analysing sentence effectiveness, it is hoped that it can increase readers' knowledge and insight into understanding the importance of effective sentences in descriptive texts.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

An Anthology of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal State Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform contains ideas related to tobacco excise policy in supporting public health and optimizing state revenue. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinion pieces about a healthy Indonesia and optimal state revenue through tobacco excise policy reform. In conducting the research, the authors used a methodological approach in the form of a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection with this method is done using reading and recording techniques. This research uses text analysis techniques with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach as a data analysis technique. Based on the analysis that has been carried out on Bunga Rampai Collection of Opinions Towards a Healthy Indonesia and Optimal Revenue through Tobacco Excise Policy Reform, 11 effective sentences have been found. Meanwhile, errors related to EYD and KBBI were also found with details in the form of 16 ineffective sentences, 31 ambiguous sentences, 5 sentences with capitalization errors, 12 sentences with nonstandard words, and 18 sentences with other types of errors. In addition to being used as a reference for analyzing sentence effectiveness, this research is also useful for enriching the study of tobacco excise policy communication, especially for RPJM 2025-2029 policymakers. In addition, this research can also be used as a reference for further research related to sentence effectiveness.

This research aims to analyze the behavior and function of speech acts used by Fadil Jaidi in reviewing products online, which encourages the interlocutor to take action. This research is based on persuasive language, which has a big role in influencing consumers. The methods used in this study are methodological approach and theoretical approach. The data sources used in this study are fragments of speech discourse included in directive speech acts in several videos uploaded by Fadil Jaidi on digital platforms. The results show that there are nine forms of directive speech acts in several online product review videos by influencer Fadil Jaidi, namely (1) suggestive speech, (2) ordering speech, (3) commanding speech, (4) forcing speech, (5) convincing speech, (6) inviting speech, (7) urging speech, (8) questioning speech, (9) requesting speech. With this research, readers are expected to be able to understand the forms of directive speech acts as well as the intentions of the speech performed by Fadil Jaidi through online product review videos.

Language has a crucial role in understanding human communication, one of which is through speech actions carried out by humans. The existence of speech acts is so diverse, one of which is expressive speech that can reflect the psychological condition of the speaker. This research chose the film Kukira Kau Rumah as an object, because film is one of the objects that contains speech acts through dialogue. In the film, there are many dialogues that are emotionally charged and relevant to mental health issues. The study of this film is important because it can provide a new perspective in pragmatics, especially understanding how language is used to express emotions, build character dynamics, and represent the form of expressive speech itself. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method whose analysis is carried out on the dialogues in the film to find various expressive speech acts, identify the types of expressive speech acts, and define the meaning of speech acts to the context related to these speech acts. The types of expressive speech that were found included the expressive act of praise, thanks, criticism, complaining, blaming, congratulating, and apologizing. This research is expected to contribute new insights in pragmatic studies, especially regarding the analysis of expressive speech acts and new references for linguistic studies.

This research is motivated by the importance of using appropriate and correct Indonesian in digital learning media, especially texts exposed oxn the “Ruangguru” platform. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of language errors contained in the exposition text and to show the causal factors that will later be used as reading material on the internet. The quality of appropriate exposition text will affect the critical ability of its readers. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the Listen and Note Technique. Data analysis uses the distribution method with the Direct Elements Technique. The results of the study show that punctuation, word choice, and word additions, with word choice errors being the most dominant. This error is caused by a lack of understanding of Indonesian rules and the influence of the use of everyday language. The benefits of improving the quality of digital education materials and increasing awareness of the importance of using Indonesian in accordance with the rules of the world of education.

This study analyzes the quality of content and the ineffectiveness of sentences in opinion texts found on the "Liputan6.com" website in February 2025 as reading material and sources of information for students. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods and a syntactic approach. Qualitative research and syntactic approaches are used to analyze the quality of content and effective sentences. The research data is the result of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the "Liputan6.com" website, February 2025 Edition as reading material and a source of information for students. The data collection technique in this study uses a syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. In this study, data presentation was carried out using informal methods. The data is presented in a table containing several ineffective sentences and their corrections. The results of the analysis of opinion texts found on the February 2025 edition of the "Liputan6.com" website found 263 structured sentences, consisting of 140 effective sentences and 133 ineffective sentences. From this study, ineffective sentences are classified into 5 categories, namely 14 ineffective sentences due to excessive use of words, 19 due to inappropriate word choice, 12 due to use of foreign languages, 5 due to inappropriate use of conjunctions, 9 due to illogical sentences, 6 due to incorrect use of punctuation, 3 due to use of sentences that are too simple. This study can help writers pay attention to how they write opinion texts that are in accordance with linguistic rules and are useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences.

The effectiveness of sentences has a very important influence on the quality of the content of a literary work. In writing essays, it is important to use effective sentences so that implied and explicit messages can be conveyed clearly and well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sentences in essay texts on the April 2024 Edition of the "Metafor.id" Page as teaching materials for reading comprehension. This study uses two approaches, namely the methodological approach and the theoretical approach. The methodological approach uses a qualitative descriptive approach, while the theoretical approach applies syntactic analysis to evaluate the quality of content and analyze effective sentences. The data collection technique in this study uses intensive reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the distribution method.This research is expected to be useful for readers in writing good and correct essay texts in accordance with linguistic rules so as to produce cohesive essay texts and effectively structured sentences.

This research examines directive speech acts in the “Burnout” playlist on the Satu Persen YouTube channel. The aim of this research is to analyze the classification of types, contextual meanings, functions, and intentions of directive speech acts in the “Burnout” playlist on the Satu Persen YouTube channel. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative methodological approach with a pragmatic theoretical approach. Analyzing directive speech acts through comprehensive examination based on relevant theories and presenting the findings descriptively. Directive speech acts in the “Burnout” playlist include directive requestives, directive questions, directive requirements, directive prohibitives, directive permissive, and directive advisories. The research is expected to contribute to enriching pragmatic studies and expanding public awareness of pragmatics in communication. Understanding the variations in directive speech acts patterns in YouTube social media and understanding their correlation with societal realities can serve as a foundation for the public to engage more intelligently and consciously in building effective, wise, and multidimensional communication.

In everyday communication, expressive speech acts play an important role in conveying the speaker's emotions, feelings and attitudes towards a situation. Film as a communication medium also utilizes expressive speech acts as a medium that builds character and conveys messages to the audience. One film that is interesting to study from the perspective of expressive speech acts is the short film "Kembali Pulang" by Klamby. This film presents various forms of emotional expression that can be explained to understand the function and meaning of language in interactions between characters. The aim of this research is to explain the forms of expressive speech acts contained in the short film "Kembali Pulang" by Klamby. The method used in this research is a theoretical approach and methodological approach. The results of this research found that there were expressive speech acts of feeling guilty, speech acts of praise, speech acts of asking for reassurance, speech acts of complaining, speech acts of refusing, speech acts of confusion, speech acts of anger, speech acts of prayer or hope, and speech acts of congratulating. The benefit of this research is to find out the forms of expressive speech acts in films through pragmatic studies and to train analytical skills through pragmatic studies.