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Collaborative learning is an effective approach in enhancing student learning outcomes, particularly in developing cognitive, social, and emotional skills. Through interactions among students within groups, this learning model allows them to share knowledge, discuss, and solve problems together, leading to a deeper understanding of the material. Furthermore, collaborative learning fosters critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills, which are essential for addressing the challenges of the 21st century. Despite its numerous benefits, the implementation of collaborative learning faces several challenges, such as unequal participation among group members and the need for effective group dynamics management. Therefore, the role of the teacher is crucial in managing the collaboration process to ensure optimal contribution from each student. Overall, collaborative learning has a positive impact on improving student learning outcomes and supports the development of skills relevant to future life.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing the critical thinking abilities of 4th-grade students. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, interviews with mentor teachers, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of PBL has a positive impact on developing students' critical thinking skills. Students are accustomed to facing real-world problems, analyzing situations, and seeking relevant and rational solutions. Furthermore, this learning model also enhances students' communication and collaboration skills as they engage in group discussions to solve problems collectively. However, challenges in its implementation lie in time management and ensuring the active participation of all students in the learning process. Overall, this study demonstrates that PBL is effective in developing students' critical thinking abilities, as well as improving their social and communication skills, which are essential in daily life.

The skill of providing variety is one of the important competencies in early childhood learning which aims to create a fun, interesting and effective learning atmosphere. This research aims to analyze the application of variation skills in the early childhood learning process and its impact on children's interest and participation. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interviews and documentation methods on teachers and students at an early childhood education institution. The research results show that variations in learning methods, media and interactions significantly increase children's involvement in learning activities. Teachers who are able to consistently provide variation also encourage the development of children's cognitive, social-emotional and motoric aspects. This research recommends special training for early childhood educators to improve skills in providing variation as the main strategy in learning.    

This study aims to analyze the use of YouTube in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning in schools. The results indicate that the use of YouTube enhances students' interest, facilitates the understanding of abstract material, and develops critical thinking and digital skills. Videos presented through YouTube help students understand IRE content in a more engaging and practical way, particularly in matters of theology, worship practices, and Islamic history. Despite the many benefits, the use of YouTube also faces challenges such as the selection of appropriate content, limitations in technological infrastructure, risk of distractions, and more complex time management. Therefore, strict supervision, careful content selection, and effective classroom management by teachers are necessary to optimize the use of YouTube in IRE learning. This study recommends the proper integration of YouTube into the learning process, supported by improved infrastructure and teacher training.

This research is motivated by the low communication skills, the slow development process in villages throughout Purwaharja District is thought to be caused by the low skills of village officials throughout Purwaharja District. The ability here is seen from their daily performance which is sometimes unable to keep up with the demands of technological progress, or is also caused by their low level of education and work experience. The purpose of this study is to determine how communication skills affect village development, how the quality of village government officials' human resources affects village development, and how communication skills and the quality of village government officials' human resources together affect village development. The method used in this study uses a quantitative descriptive method. To analyze it, correlation and multiple regression statistical test data analysis was used using SPSS version 22.00. The results of the study obtained provide the conclusion that communication skills have a positive effect on village development, the quality of village government officials' human resources have a positive and significant effect on village development, and communication skills and the quality of village government officials' human resources together have a positive effect on village development.  

This study aims to analyze the school supervision program and the competence of supervisors in an effort to improve the quality of educators. The school supervision program is designed as a guideline for the implementation of the main tasks and functions of supervisors, which include academic supervision, managerial supervision, educational evaluation, as well as coaching principals and teachers in the assisted schools. Competencies required by supervisors include personality, managerial skills, academic supervision skills, educational evaluation, and research and development skills. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable and planned supervision by referring to the results of previous supervision and prevailing education policies. The findings show that the implementation of an effective supervision program supported by the competence of qualified supervisors can improve the quality of the learning process and the performance of educators in the assisted schools. Thus, strategic supervision is a key factor in creating a quality education system.

This study developed a Discovery Learning model with a Meaningful Learning approach to improve students' critical thinking skills in Economics at SMAN 2 Tulang Bawang Udik. The study used the ADDIE model and produced a conceptual model, lesson plans, student worksheets, and HOTS assessment instruments. Expert validation results showed that the products were feasible, practicality tests obtained a very practical category, and effectiveness tests with a Nonequivalent Control Group design showed that the critical thinking of students in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. These results confirm that this learning model is feasible, practical, and effective, and can be a guide for teachers for active, contextual, and high-level thinking skills-oriented learning. Additionally, the integration of Discovery Learning and Meaningful Learning provides a structured and student-centered learning process that encourages learners to construct knowledge independently while connecting concepts to real-life contexts. The resulting learning tools also support teachers in implementing systematic instruction that fosters student engagement and deeper understanding. Overall, the developed model contributes to improving instructional quality in Economics education and offers an innovative alternative for enhancing students’ cognitive abilities, particularly in critical thinking.

The purpose of this community service activity is to strengthen the concept of electrolysis for students of SMAN 1 Suwawa through interactive laboratory exercises, as well as to enhance students' understanding and practical skills related to the electrolysis process. The partners involved in this activity include the Principal, Chemistry Teacher, and all 12th-grade students of SMAN 1 Suwawa. The implementation method of the activity involves four main stages: a pre-test to measure initial understanding, providing material to reinforce the concept of electrolysis, conducting interactive laboratory exercises using electroplating tools, and a post-test to measure the improvement in students' understanding. The results of this activity show a significant improvement in the understanding of electrolysis concepts, with an N-Gain value of 76.8%, indicating the effectiveness of this method in improving students' learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is recommended to continue applying interactive laboratory approaches in science education in secondary schools, as well as utilizing technology and interactive modules to support students' understanding of complex chemical concepts. Additionally, teacher training is also important to ensure the sustainability of effective laboratory-based learning.

This study examines how well English songs may be used as a teaching technique to improve eighth-grade students' pronunciation. The study aims to provide evidence-based insights applicable to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts and future teaching practices by methodically examining the effects of incorporating English songs into the instructional process to improve pronunciation using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design. A methodical framework for using English songs as a teaching tool for pronunciation enhancement is created during the planning stage. Data is collected throughout the observation period to evaluate the overall efficacy of the intervention as well as the pronunciation development of the pupils. Throughout iterative cycles, this data becomes the basis for evaluating and improving instructional tactics. Results and debates regarding using songs to teach pronunciation are presented in the study. Songs improve pronunciation and make learning more enjoyable and pleasurable when used as an instructional technique. This method is a valuable supplement to language teaching approaches since it may increase students' motivation and self-assurance in their English-speaking skills.

This article examines the deployment of information network systems, namely the adoption of Indonesia One Search (IOS) in university libraries. The used methodologies include of literature reviews and online observations, designed to comprehensively analyze the implementation of IOS. A system is characterized as a collection of interacting components aimed at achieving certain objectives, while information is the outcome of data processing that serves a purpose for the receiver. This essay emphasizes the significance of cooperation among libraries in establishing efficient information networks. The text elaborates on many collaborative methods, including library acquisition, collection sharing, and inter- library lending. This partnership offers enhanced information access, resource efficiency, personnel specialization, and less material duplication. Indonesia One Search (IOS) is a unified search platform that consolidates collections from libraries, museums, archives, and electronic information sources across Indonesia. IOS, introduced by Ismail Fahmi, Ph.D., and overseen by the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, seeks to provide extensive and accessible information for students and other users. “The iOS development process includes bibliography compilation, text analysis, and anti-plagiarism services. The functionalities provided by iOS, like full-text search and interaction with digital library apps, illustrate its capacity to fulfill information requirements in the digital age. The use of IOS at institutions, including the Indonesian Education University and the Indonesian Islamic University, demonstrates its efficacy in enhancing students' knowledge retrieval skills. This study underscores the need for libraries to adapt to user requirements in the digital age and highlights the possibilities for cooperation across libraries to enhance services via technology.  

This research began with initial observations that showed that public services at the Langkaplancar District office were not optimal, so that the people served were not satisfied. Contributing factors include limited employee abilities and skills, suboptimal service, and slow service process. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with a population of 8 employees in Langkaplancar District, Pangandaran Regency, using census techniques or saturated samples. Data is collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, as well as documentation of relevant activity and regulatory reports. The results of the study show that: Work culture has a positive and significant influence on public services; the better the work culture, the better the public service, the effectiveness of the organization also has a positive and significant effect on public services; the better the effectiveness of the organization, the better the public service, the work culture and the effectiveness of the organization together have a positive and significant effect on public services; The better the work culture and organizational effectiveness, the better the public service.

The microphone is a supportive tool that can enhance students' confidence during classroom learning. As confidence increases, students can develop their potential more firmly, particularly in mastering speaking skills, understanding the material, and engaging with the audience. By using a microphone, their voices are more audible, articulation is clearer, and they can better control the forum. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method, employing an exploratory approach with Likert scale questionnaires and open-ended questionnaires, as well as documentation of responses through the Mentimeter application. The data recorded came from 55 participants out of a population of 104, distributed across three classes: 9A, 9B, and 9C. The results indicate that the microphone can enhance confidence in learning Indonesian, as evidenced by responses: Strongly Disagree 0.4%, Disagree 5.3%, Neutral 39%, Agree 41%, and Strongly Agree 14%. The open-ended questionnaire responses aligned with the students' progress in learning Indonesian. Therefore, the use of microphones should be consistently implemented in the learning process, especially in Indonesian language instruction.

This research aims to identify and analyze the essential instructional tools needed in gas turbine learning for cadets of the Naval Academy's engineering corps using a mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design involving 160 respondents, consisting of 120 engineering corps cadets, 15 instructors, and 25 field engineering officers. The research results identified 28 types of gas turbine instructional tools categorized into four groups, with simulators and software showing the highest level of importance (4.65/5.0), and there were significant differences in the perception of importance levels among the three groups of respondents (F(2,157) = 12.45, p < 0.001). The AHP analysis produced a priority framework in four levels, with Level 1 encompassing 5 essential instructional tools: gas turbine simulator (0.742), gas turbine cut-section model (0.698), control system trainer kit (0.681), interactive learning video (0.673), and troubleshooting simulator (0.667). Regression analysis showed that instructional tools significantly contribute to learning effectiveness (R² = 0.742), with the gas turbine simulator as the main predictor (β = 0.384), positively impacting the cognitive aspect with a 26.8% increase in concept understanding (effect size 1.24), the affective aspect with an increase in learning motivation and career interest from 67% to 84%, and the psychomotor aspect with a 33.7% increase in hands-on skills and a 28.5% reduction in troubleshooting time. The resulting priority framework provides strategic guidance for optimizing resources and gradually developing gas turbine learning capabilities in military educational institutions, despite facing major obstacles such as budget constraints, technology compatibility, lack of quality human resources, and limited laboratory infrastructure.

Self-adjustment is an interaction ability to establish a good relationship between individuals and their environment. New student self-adjustment is a challenge to deal with changes from high school to college. Changes in terms of academic, social, emotional and institutional attachment are much more difficult than the previous level of education so that new students have difficulty adjusting. This study aims to determine the description of the self-adjustment. Methods: The type of research design used is descriptive with a cross sectional design. The instrument used is a questionnaire with google form media. The population in this study are 99 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling technique with a sample size of 99 respondents. Results: Based on the results of the study analyzed using univariate analysis, it shows that new students have a high level of self-adjustment, namely 68 people (68.7%) and moderate self-adjustment as many as 31 people (31.3%). Low self-adjustment can be caused by self-doubt, lack of self-confidence, lack of openness from others and excessive stress. Conclusion: So the researcher expects new students to multiply relationships, improve talents and skills, follow guidance during the learning process in lectures and seek support and motivation from mentors, friends, and family.  

Learning planning in Christian religious education has a significant role in shaping student character based on Christian values. Christian religious education teachers provide guidance for students in understanding the values ​​of faith such as love, justice, humility, forgiveness, and service to others, apart from just being teachers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by carrying out a literature review to find the role played by Christian religious education teachers in developing the learning process. From the research results, it was revealed that effective learning planning is able to provide support for students in understanding and applying religious values ​​in their daily activities. However, teachers face several challenges, such as limited resources, lack of adequate training, resistance to change, and difficulties in implementing online learning. Improving teacher skills, utilizing technology, creating relevant modules, and collaboration between schools are key elements in the proposed solution. By applying the latest appropriate strategies, Christian religious education teachers can create effective learning experiences to guide a generation with good morals in accordance with Christian principles and ready to face the dynamics of ever-changing times.

This community service aims to optimize the use of local potential in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency, in order to improve community welfare and realize village independence. Local village potential, such as natural resources, cultural diversity, and rich local wisdom, have not been optimally utilized, one of which is the management of plastic and household waste. This program focuses on community empowerment through skills training in processing waste into products of economic value, such as handicrafts from plastic waste and ecoenzymes from organic waste. As a result, the community gains new skills that can increase family income, reduce plastic waste, and increase environmental awareness. In addition, this program creates new economic opportunities through marketing local products and strengthening cooperation between residents. The sustainability of this program is expected to continue to support village economic independence, with support from the village government in developing environmentally friendly local potential-based businesses.

This study aims to analyze the models and strategies of prose teaching, specifically Hikayat, at SMK Negeri 4 Medan. The teaching of prose plays a significant role in enhancing students' literacy, deepening appreciation for literary works, and instilling moral and local cultural values. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, which includes observation, interviews, and documentation, with an emphasis on the implementation of teaching strategies by Indonesian language teachers. The results of the study show that the learning process at this vocational school faces various challenges, such as low student interest and limitations in literacy. To address these issues, teachers integrate theory with practice, utilize multimedia-based technology, and implement group discussions to encourage active student participation. Evaluation is conducted through student work presentations, combining literacy assessment and speaking skills. Recommendations from this study include the development of innovative, technology-based approaches and increased student engagement in the learning process to create more effective and meaningful learning experiences.

The phenomenon of increasing use of online games among teenagers in Pebenaan Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, shows a shift in communication patterns from the real world to the virtual world. Online games no longer only serve as entertainment, but also become a significant space for social communication. This research aims to identify teenagers' motives for using online games as a communication medium, understand the communication process that occurs, and evaluate its impact on their social behavior. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. The research informants were teenagers aged 13–19 years who actively played online games in Pebenaan Village. The research results show that the main motives of teenagers include entertainment, escape from boredom, social acceptance, and expanding friendship networks. The communication process in online games occurs through text chat, voice chat, and symbols such as emotes, which allows spontaneous and flexible interaction. Positive impacts include increasing collaboration skills and expanding social networks, while negative impacts include decreasing the intensity of real-world interactions and the use of abusive language. This research concludes that online games offer opportunities and challenges for teenagers' communication patterns, so wise management is needed to exploit their positive potential without ignoring the risks that may arise.

The MBKM Teaching Assistance Program provides practical teaching experience for students in educational units where through the teaching assistance program, students gain real skills and experience in managing the learning process, interacting with students, as well as other teaching experiences. As a form of service at MIS Miftahul Huda 2 Palangka Raya City, researchers carried out one of the work programs, namely assisting reading activities in class 1. The aim of this reading assistance activity itself is to help students, especially class 1C, receive guidance in improving their reading skills. This program will be implemented for 4 (four) months starting from July-November 2024. Assistance with reading activities is going well and results in an improvement in the reading skills of grade 1 students.

This study aims to develop a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) in the Paluta Education Office environment. The problems studied are 1) How is the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office environment? 2) How is the quality of service in the Paluta Education Office? 3) How is the performance of administrative staff in the Paluta Education Office? The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and document study. The results showed that the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office still needs to be improved, especially in the aspect of attendance and compliance with regulations. The quality of service in the Paluta Education Office is also not optimal, with public complaints regarding the slow administrative process. The performance of administrative staff still needs to be improved, especially in communication skills and mastery of information technology. This research resulted in the design of a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) which is expected to improve discipline, service quality, and employee performance in the Paluta Education Office environment.