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This research examines two major figures of modern Islamic reformism, Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha, and how their thoughts shaped the face of Islamic education in Indonesia. Through qualitative research with a historical-comparative approach, We found that while both men shared a vision of reform, their views on modernity were very different. Abduh tended to be more open in accepting Western progress while still maintaining Islamic values, while Ridha was more cautious and prioritised purifying Islamic teachings from outside influences. These two schools of thought then coloured the journey of Indonesian Islamic organisations such as Muhammadiyah and Persis, which still feel their impact today. This research suggests the need for a synthesis of the two approaches in developing Islamic education that is authentic yet responsive to the challenges of the times.

This research analyses the influence of the reformist thoughts of Rashid Ridha and Muhammad Abduh on the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research examines how the modernist ideas of the two figures shaped the transformation of the paradigm of Islamic education in Indonesia. The findings show that the thoughts of Rashid Ridha and Muhammad Abduh significantly influenced the development of modern Islamic educational institutions, curriculum integration, and pedagogical approaches in Indonesia. Their reformist ideas contributed to the establishment of modern Islamic schools, the integration of religious and general sciences, and the development of rational Islamic thought. This research contributes to understanding the historical roots of Islamic education modernisation in Indonesia and its relevance to contemporary education development.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) is a very important foundation or starting point for building physical, mental, and social development in children so that they have the preparation that can help them later when they grow up. Therefore, an educational institution must have a leader or principal who can provide motivation and good and adequate facilities for the teachers and students. A quality leader is also very important so that students not only gain knowledge and science, but they can also form their own character with moral values as preparation when they grow up. We examine a variety of publications in this essay using a qualitative approach. We obtained knowledge from several sources, including publications connected to our topic and academic magazines. The results of this study illustrate that the presence of quality leadership in an educational institution, particularly in early childhood education (ECE), can optimize and develop the potential of teachers, making them more improved and creative, and can also shape the character of the students.  

This study examines the challenges and problems faced by Islamic education amid the complex dynamics of globalization. While globalization brings positive impacts through advances in information and communication technology, it also poses challenges such as the infiltration of global cultural values that do not always align with Islamic principles. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing from scholarly sources in national journals and recent academic books. The findings reveal that Islamic education encounters internal challenges such as conventional teaching methods, curricula that are unresponsive to changing times, and low digital literacy among educators. Meanwhile, external challenges include the secularization of education, unequal access, technological revolutions, and multicultural issues. To address these challenges, it is necessary to reformulate an integrative curriculum, improve teacher professionalism, and create educational environments that support Islamic values. This article recommends a transformative and adaptive approach to Islamic education that remains firmly rooted in the values of tawhid and akhlaq al-karimah in facing global challenges.

This study explores the challenges and expectations faced by teachers in educating deaf students at SLB Negeri Keleyan. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews and observations to understand the real experiences of teachers in the learning process. The findings reveal that one of the main challenges is teaching students with total hearing loss from birth, which demands more time, creativity, and adaptation in instructional strategies. Teachers often adjust the curriculum based on the students’ individual abilities. Despite these difficulties, students show positive development when they receive consistent encouragement, emotional support, and recognition. Teachers express hope for improved training opportunities, especially in visual and adaptive teaching techniques, as well as better support from families and the government. Additionally, they highlight the importance of assistive learning tools and inclusive job opportunities after graduation. This study affirms that with collaborative support, deaf students have the potential to grow, learn, and contribute meaningfully to society.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

The rapid progress of technology, increasing globalization, and shifting socio-economic conditions pose major challenges for education in the digital age. This study investigates how holistic education fosters competencies aligned with future demands. Utilizing a qualitative method, it conducts a literature review with descriptive analytical techniques. Holistic education plays a crucial role in nurturing creativity, critical thinking, effective communication, and collaboration. It serves as a strategic response to global issues such as technological innovation and fast-paced societal transformations. Beyond equipping students to navigate digital challenges, holistic education also cultivates adaptability, leadership skills, and strong work ethics to handle unexpected changes. More than merely delivering academic content, holistic education aims to build character and prepare future generations to thrive as capable and competitive leaders.

This study aims to explore behavioral leadership theory from an Islamic perspective, particularly in the context of education. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research examines how Islamic values such as syura (consultation), amanah (trust), ‘adl (justice), and khalifah (stewardship) are reflected in the behavior of educational leaders in Islamic institutions. Data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The findings indicate that effective leadership behavior in Islamic education involves a balance between task orientation and relationship orientation, as outlined in behavioral leadership theories. Prophet Muhammad SAW is presented as the ideal leadership model who combines strategic vision with strong spiritual and moral values. These findings suggest that behavioral theory can be applied to evaluate and improve leadership styles in Islamic education that are not only professional but also grounded in Islamic principles

Counseling and psychological support services play an important role in maintaining mental health, which affects the quality of life, social interaction, and resilience of individuals in facing challenges. This study aims to provide real experiences in community development through the MBKM KKN program, with a focus on the implementation of religious education, social activities, and cultural preservation at the Al-Mubarok Islamic Boarding School in Bengkulu. Tahsin education activities are an important part of improving the ability to read the Qur'an properly and correctly. In addition, the implementation of open donations reflects social participation that encourages the sustainability of Islamic boarding school programs. On the other hand, cultural education aims to instill local and national values ​​in students from an early age, as an effort to shape the identity and character of the nation. This study uses the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which utilizes local potential and assets as the basis for community development. The results show that the three aspects—tahsin education, social donations, and cultural learning—run synergistically and consistently. This collaboration contributes to the formation of the spiritual, social, and cultural character of students. The study recommends strengthening cooperation between Islamic boarding schools, the community, and donors to continuously improve the quality of education and welfare of students.

Islamic education delves into the profound aspects of the individual, where knowledge is regarded as a divine gift that must be utilized in fulfilling the human role as a khalifah (steward) on Earth. The main challenge facing Islamic education today is the dichotomy between religious and secular knowledge. This study explores the thoughts of Mohammad Natsir, an Indonesian Muslim intellectual, who sought to formulate an Islamic education system that aligns with the demands of religion, nation, and state. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, this study concludes that: 1) Natsir’s thoughts on Islamic education are based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, emphasizing the importance of an integral, harmonious, and universal education to develop human potential as khalifah. 2) Natsir’s relevance in the reform of Islamic education includes a purification process returning to pure Islamic teachings with tawhid (monotheism) as the foundation of education, and modernization through the integration of religious and secular education to overcome the dichotomy in Indonesia’s educational system.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

Islamic educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping students’ character based on Islamic values. However, the rapid development of the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges. This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic educational institutions in adapting to the digital age and to offer practical solutions. The research identifies key issues such as outdated curricula, lack of professional human resources, limited digital infrastructure, and financial constraints. The findings suggest that to remain relevant, these institutions must integrate technology into the learning process, reform curriculum design, improve teachers' digital competencies, and ensure sustainable funding. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between schools, families, governments, and society in ensuring the advancement of Islamic education in a digitalized world.

The persistence of educational inequality in Indonesia remains evident today. This situation parallels the depiction in Andrea Hirata’s 2005 novel Laskar Pelangi, indicating that the social critique offered by the work has yet to effect widespread change. This study uses a sociological-literary approach to analyze representations of educational inequity in Indonesia as portrayed in Laskar Pelangi. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method, treating novel excerpts as primary and reports as secondary data. Thematic analysis is applied, and data validity is ensured through triangulation within a cross-sectional timeframe. Based on eight data points presented in the results table, the discussion details how the novel illustrates disparities in educational access across six dimensions: infrastructure, teacher availability, facility provision, student distribution, assessment processes, and talent development. These findings reveal the social function of literature as a form of social criticism that can raise public awareness and inform policy initiatives aimed at achieving more equitable education in Indonesia.

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new policy developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology as an effort to restore learning after the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the 2013 Curriculum. This curriculum emphasizes flexibility, student-centered learning, and strengthening character through the Pancasila learner profile. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing Merdeka Curriculum in improving the quality of education in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained from 25 scientific articles, and after selection, 10 articles were declared relevant. The study results show that the Merdeka Curriculum has a positive impact on the quality of education, such as increasing creativity, independence, 21st century skills, and teacher professionalism. However, the implementation of this curriculum also faces obstacles, such as limited facilities, uneven teacher training, and disparities between education units. Therefore, continuous training, consistent supervision, and equitable policy support are needed to optimize the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum.

Critical thinking skills are fundamental to everyday life and academics, allowing individuals to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and draw evidence-based conclusions. In the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK), critical thinking also has a theological dimension, where reason, as a divine gift, is renewed through Christ to understand divine truth and love God. Given this urgency, this study aims to explore how the implementation of the Team Based Learning (TBL) Model can improve the critical thinking skills of PAK students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through literature study, collecting and analyzing data from various journal articles and books. The results show that the TBL structure includes individual preparation, team discussion (IRAT/GRAT), problem-based concept application, and peer feedback and evaluation systematically encourage high-level cognitive processes. In conclusion, TBL has proven effective in improving the critical thinking skills of PAK students, while deepening their understanding of the material and their religious competence.

The difference in educational background of UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten students, especially between pesantren and public school graduates, becomes an obstacle in the learning process of intensive Arabic classes. Students who come from public schools often feel left behind compared to their friends who come from pesantren or Madrasah Aliyah. Therefore, it is important to conduct this study to examine the effect of pesantren graduates‘ background on motivation to learn Arabic, so as to provide a better understanding of the factors that influence students’ learning motivation. The researcher used a quantitative method with data collection through questionnaires. The collected data were analysed systematically to identify patterns and meanings related to the influence of pesantren education background on motivation to learn Arabic. The results showed a significant effect of boarding school education on students' motivation to learn Arabic. Thus, boarding school education background can increase motivation to learn Arabic. The implication is that educational institutions need to consider the background of students in designing effective learning methods. Future research is recommended to include additional variables that have the potential to influence Arabic language learning motivation.

A moral and cultured society is largely built on national character, and as childhood is the prime time for personality formation that will influence the caliber of subsequent generations, it is  imperative that character integrity be instilled early. This study analyzes pertinent references  using aliterature study method and a qualitative methodology. Instilling national ideals and producing a \ generation equipped to face today's issues with resilience The main way to develop character is through contextual, cooperative, and consistent .

Anak tunarungu lebih mengandalkan penglihatan dalam menerima informasi, sehingga media pembelajaran berbasis visual sangat efektif, terutama untuk mata pelajaran abstrak seperti Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan penerapan media visual dalam pembelajaran PAI bagi anak tunarungu di SMALB B YAKUT Purwokerto. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan lapangan, penelitian ini menganalisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media visual dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pada tahap perencanaan, guru mengidentifikasi kebutuhan siswa dan menyusun RPP yang memuat tujuan, materi, metode, serta media pembelajaran. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, guru memanfaatkan media visual seperti gambar ilustrasi untuk menjelaskan materi tata cara berwudu, sehingga membantu siswa memahami materi dengan lebih jelas dan visual. Evaluasi dilakukan secara menyeluruh, baik terhadap hasil belajar siswa maupun kesulitan guru. Evaluasi ini juga melibatkan rapat guru dengan kepala sekolah untuk menemukan solusi yang efektif. Penggunaan media visual harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik anak, agar mereka mampu memvisualisasikan materi dengan baik dan meningkatkan pemahaman.

Students with Down syndrome have developmental characteristics that differ from typical students. In such cases, the educational approach should not only focus on academic aspects but also on life skills education. In teaching life skills, teachers must adapt to each child's individual abilities. However, in practice, teachers often face various challenges. This study aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers at Terra Athena Special Needs School (SLB) in providing life skills education for students with Down syndrome, as well as the strategies used to overcome these challenges. This research uses a qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques to enhance data validity. The results show that teachers face several challenges such as the wide range of student abilities, students' tendencies to be absorbed in their own world, limited facilities, and the need for more time to carry out each activity. The strategies implemented include positive reinforcement and individualized approaches, the use of visual media and concrete tools, collaboration with therapists and parents, and a boarding program for students.