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he digital era brings significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood (ECD) parenting patterns. Easy access to gadgets ultimately results in excessive use that has a negative impact on children's growth and development. This study aims to examine strategies for overcoming the impact of excessive gadget use on ECD through optimizing Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Education (PAUD HI) services at TK Negeri Pembina Salakan. The methods used are literature studies and participatory observations of the implementation of the PAUD HI program. The results of the study indicate that the PAUD HI approach that includes integrated education, health, nutrition, care, protection, and welfare services can be an effective solution. At TK Negeri Pembina Salakan, its implementation is realized through learning activities that stimulate all aspects of development, active involvement of parents in digital parenting education, provision of an environment rich in non-gadget stimulation, and collaboration with health services and the community. It is concluded that PAUD HI has a strategic role in mitigating the negative risks of gadgets and supporting optimal growth and development of ECD.

This study aimed to analyze strategies for stimulating linguistic intelligence in early childhood through play-based activities at TK IT Insan Madani, Deli Serdang. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation and interviews with kindergarten teachers. The results showed that play activities such as storytelling, role-playing, and the use of educational visual media consistently improved children's language abilities, including vocabulary enrichment, sentence structuring, and confidence in communication. Observations also revealed increased verbal interaction among children during classroom activities. These findings indicate that play-based learning is an effective strategy for developing linguistic intelligence in early childhood, especially when supported by a conducive learning environment and active involvement of teachers and parents.

At preschool age, the development of kinesthetic intelligence is strongly influenced by stimulation provided through varied physical activities and games. One approach that can be used by teachers is through games, especially obstacle games or handicap games. These games are designed to provide structured physical challenges, so that children are encouraged to develop gross motor skills, balance, agility, and overall body coordination. This study aims to determine the improvement of grossmotor skills through simple obstacle games. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects in this study were children in the age range of 5-6 Years at ABA Bustanul 10 Medan Kindergarten ,namely 10 people .Datacollection was done by observation and non-test. This observation is used to determine the ability ofstudents in gross motor skills, the data is analyzed by the percentage formula. The result soft here searc hobtain edwere BB 30%, MB 40%,BSH 20%,BSB 10%.IncycleI and in cycle II BB 0%, MB 20%, BSH 20%, BSB 60%. Gross motor skills in developing kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through simple obstacle games in cycle I only reached completeness with a value of 10% (Less), and in cycle II it increased classically with a value of 60% (Very good). Thus the improvement of gross motor skills of children aged 5-6 years through simple obstacle games can improve gross motor skills in developing kinesthetic intelligence of children aged 5-6 years.

This study examines the influence of musical intelligence on the cognitive development of early childhood children at TK IT Nurul Ilmi. Employing a quantitative correlational approach, this research involves a sample of early childhood children at the kindergarten. The data collection instruments consist of a musical intelligence test and a cognitive development test. Data analysis using Pearson correlation indicates a positive and significant relationship between musical intelligence and cognitive development. The higher the musical intelligence, the higher the cognitive development. These findings suggest the integration of musical activities in the PAUD curriculum to stimulate children's cognitive development. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the most effective types of musical activities and other factors that influence this relationship.  

Early childhood cognitive development is an important foundation for successful learning and further development. One of the factors that significantly influences this development is structured and continuous stimulation education. This study aims to analyze the effect of stimulation education on cognitive development in Kartika XXI-17 Kindergarten. Cognitive ability is the child's ability to think more complexly and to reason and solve problems, the development of this cognitive ability will make it easier for children to master broader general knowledge, so that they can function properly in everyday community life. However, in its development, not all children in Kartika XXI-17 Kindergarten can develop according to their stages. Stimulation education has been proven to be more effective when carried out early, with an approach that is appropriate to the child's developmental stage. In conclusion, stimulation education plays a crucial role in accelerating and optimizing the cognitive development of early childhood, so it needs to be an integral part of child care and education practices.

This study aims to describe emotional management in early childhood at Az-Zahra Islamic Kindergarten. Emotional management is a fundamental ability that needs to be developed early on to support children's social, cognitive, and academic development. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of the study were children aged four to six years at Az-Zahra Islamic Kindergarten with a total of thirty students. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that emotional management at Az-Zahra Islamic Kindergarten was carried out through various strategies such as storytelling activities, role-playing, habituation of dhikr and prayer, and direct guidance from teachers. The implementation of Islamic values ​​in emotional management has a positive impact on children's ability to control and express emotions appropriately. This study concludes that a holistic approach that integrates Islamic values ​​with modern pedagogical strategies is effective in developing emotional management skills in early childhood.

The development of emotional intelligence is greatly influenced by parenting patterns. Therefore, children's emotional intelligence needs to be formed during the pre-school period where there is reinforcement from the environment and parenting patterns obtained from teachers. This study aims to strengthen emotional intelligence that influences early childhood parenting patterns, informing children to control their emotions, overcome fear, dare and be ready to socialize without shame with their peers. This method is a descriptive qualitative study. The sample population of pre-school children at Pembina State Kindergarten, East City District. The total used in this study was group B2 at Pembina State Kindergarten, totaling 16 people consisting of 7 girls and 10 boys. This study used an observation method obtained from children's activities observed during the process of activities in the classroom about emotions.

This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by teachers at the Al Kamal Education Foundation Kindergarten in fostering the moral development of early childhood, in accordance with the standards of early childhood educators regulated in national regulations. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection through in-depth interviews with the principal and observations of children's play activities outside the classroom. The results of the study indicate that the main strategies used are habituation, direct practice, and integration of religious activities such as routine ablution and prayer practices. Play-based learning is also the main focus, where children are taught to share, take turns, and control emotions through various games such as playing blocks and swings. This study also highlights the importance of the role of parents in moral education.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is a crucial stage in shaping children's character and personality. This study aims to identify the characteristics of early childhood and analyze the role of teachers in supporting children's character development through an observational approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with direct observation techniques in one of the Kindergartens in Gorontalo City. The results of the observation show that early childhood has unique characteristics, such as spontaneity, high curiosity, and egocentric tendencies. However, challenges were also found in character development, such as lack of independence and unstable emotions. Teachers have a strategic role in overcoming these challenges through an individual approach, effective communication, and the creation of a conducive learning environment. The strategies implemented include providing examples of positive behavior, routine habits, and play activities that support children's character development. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of the characteristics of early childhood by educators to create an effective and enjoyable learning process, as well as to shape children's characters who are independent and emotionally stable.

This study aims to describe the role of teachers in shaping the religious character of early childhood at Al Azhar 43 Gorontalo Islamic Kindergarten. A descriptive qualitative approach is used to understand the teacher's strategy in guiding children through exemplary, habituation, motivation, and contextual learning. The results showed that teachers play a central role as role models, facilitators, mentors, and motivators in the formation of children's religious character. Routine activities such as praying together, habituation of greetings, and worship practices are effective ways to introduce religious values to children. In addition, collaboration between teachers, parents and educational institutions strengthens the learning of religious values both at school and at home. A supportive environment and consistent involvement of all parties are the keys to successful religious character building in early childhood. This research is expected to be a reference in the development of religious character education in early childhood education institutions.

This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to describe sexual education provided by parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten, Balige, North Sumatra. Data were obtained through direct interviews with the Principal, teachers, and several parents. The results showed that teachers and parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten had provided basic teaching about the physical differences between boys and girls. However, an explanation of the genitals and their names had not been given because it was considered inappropriate for the age of the children. The main focus of teaching was on norms of politeness and privacy, although a comprehensive understanding of sexuality had not been achieved. Understanding of boundaries and privacy was taught by emphasizing the importance of maintaining privacy, such as not showing genitals to the opposite sex and maintaining physical distance. However, there were challenges such as the limitations of school policies in separating boys' and girls' toilets. The use of appropriate language in sexual education has been carried out well, although consistency in the school environment and at home needs to be improved. Parental involvement in children's sexual education is considered important, but there are obstacles in the form of parental discomfort in discussing sexuality topics with their children at home. The descriptive approach in this qualitative study aims to describe in detail the events, phenomena, and social situations that are the focus of the study. Analysis is carried out by giving meaning, interpreting, and comparing the data obtained to gain a deep understanding of the subject being studied.

Language skills are an important aspect in early childhood growth and development because they are the basis for building communication, developing mindsets, and interacting with others. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of audio-visual media in supporting the improvement of early childhood language skills in Kusuma Cendekia Kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the use of audio-visual media, such as children's songs, educational animations, and illustrated stories, is able to encourage increased vocabulary mastery, fluency in speaking, and children's courage in communicating. The media is considered effective because it is able to present interesting, concrete, and interactive learning, and is in harmony with the developmental stage of children aged 5-6 years. Teachers also apply strategies such as singing together, role-playing, and retelling the content of the video to strengthen children's language mastery. Nonetheless, some obstacles were found, such as the limitations of facilities and challenges in selecting the right content. The results of this study recommend the use of audio-visual media as one of the creative and fun learning tools in the early childhood education environment.

This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 4–5 years through observation of learning activities in a kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive observation method with five children as subjects. Observations were conducted for two days to observe children's abilities in several cognitive aspects, including the ability to find solutions when facing difficulties, group small and large objects, mention numbers 1–10, and distinguish between various colors. Data were collected through field notes using assessment instruments compiled based on indicators of early childhood cognitive development. The results of the study showed that most children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category for all observed indicators, although there were some children who were in the Developing According to Expectations (BSH) category. These findings indicate that the learning strategies implemented by educators have been able to stimulate cognitive development optimally, and can be used as a reference in compiling further learning programs.

This activity aims to improve the motor skills of early childhood through outdoor play activities at Pelangi Bulukumba Kindergarten. The activity was conducted over six sessions in May 2025 by lecturers and students of the Early Childhood Education Study Programme at STAI Al Gazali Bulukumba. The activity stages began with coordination with the school, observation, development of a lesson plan, instrument validation, and the implementation of a pre-test, outdoor play interventions, and a post-test. The activities included various gross and fine motor games, such as zig-zag running, jumping, and moving small objects. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in children's motor skills, with 100% of children achieving the “Very Good Development” category after the activity. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating the effectiveness of this method. These findings reinforce motor development and developmental ecology theories, which emphasise the importance of the natural environment in supporting children's growth and development. In conclusion, outdoor play is effective in improving children's motor skills and is recommended for regular integration into the kindergarten curriculum. Parent involvement and the development of modules, along with ongoing evaluation, are necessary for the sustainability of this programme.Keywords: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, outdoor play, locomotor skills,

The main problem in this study is how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten, Makassar City. This study aims to find out how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Kindergarten Insan Cemerlang Makassar City. The type of research used was an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest research design. The sample used was 14 students of class B2 of Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten. The instrument used to collect the data was a pre-reading developmental check technique. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the IBM SPSS 25 program. Based on the results of the study, it showed a significant influence on children's initial pre-reading ability after being treated in the form of picture word media. The average pre-test score is 5.5 while the average post-test score increases to 13. Based on the results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data, the Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 indicates that the probability is below 0.05 (p<0.05). So Ho was rejected. Thus, the media of pictorial words has been proven to have a significant effect in overcoming the initial pre-reading ability of group B children at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research contributes to the development of effective learning methods to improve early pre-reading skills in early childhood

This study aims to test and find out the influence of the art of folding paper in improving fine motor skills in early childhood aged 5-6 years at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten, Makassar City. This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study consisted of 17 children aged 5-6 years in the B1 group. The collection technique in this study uses test performance, observation, documentation and also instruments of children's checklist sheets with indicators of achievement of child development based on the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 17 of 2023. Data analysis was carried out a non-paramentric test with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of this study showed that the pre-test score was 12.7 and increased to the post-test score of 17.1 after being given the art of folding paper (origami). Based on the results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, the Z value is 3,630 with the Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) significance of 000, obtained from a probability below 0.05 or p < 0.05 then Ho is rejected. This is based on probability decision-making: if the probability (Asymp.Sig) < 0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted and if the probability (Asymp.Sig) is > 0.05 then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. So we can conclude that it shows a significant difference between pre-test and post-test. Thus it shows that there is an influence of the art of folding paper in improving fine motor skills in early childhood in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City.

Children's confidence in educational activities that are tried includes playing, dialogue in front of the class, daring to go forward alone without playing with their friends can increase self-confidence, the purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between peer support and the formation of confidence in children aged 5-6 years at Zainul Hasan Genggong Pajarakan Probolonggo Kindergarten This type of research is correlational analysis,  While the design used is a cross sectional approach. The population of this study is some children in Zainul Hasan Kindergarten who are 5-6 years old with a total of 44 respondents who were taken by simple random sampling. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with che square test statistics. Based on the results of the most statistical test research between peer support and confidence building, namely the most peer support is in the high category, namely there are 30 people (68.2%) and the most confidence formation is in the high category, there are 33 people (75.0%). Based on the results of the chi square statistical test, a p-value was obtained. 0.002 where the result of p-value<a = 0.005, which means that there is a relationship between peer support and the formation of confidence in children aged 5-6 years at Zainul Hasan Genggong Pajarakan Kindergarten. It is hoped that health workers or researchers can continue to plan, add the right insight in the provision of services, for peers, especially about peer support with the formation of confidence.

The problem in this research was to find out the importance of fostering resilience in children aged 5-6 years. This research aims to determine the resilience in children aged 5-6 years in TK State Menara Laut Kindergarten, North Leato Subdistrict, Dumbo Raya District, Gorontalo City. The research method used was qualitative descriptive. The subjects were how to identify resilience in children. The methods employed were observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the observation results, efforts to develop resilience in children revealed that many struggled with concentration, participation in group activities, managing emotions when facing challenging tasks or situations, communicating with peers, and recovering from failures. Thus, it can be concluded that resilience not only means being immune to stress but also encompasses the ability to learn from difficult experiences, grow from the situation, and develop greater independence and emotional understanding.

Discipline character education in early childhood refers to instilling obedience to rules at home, school, and in society for children aged 0–6 years. This education serves as a crucial foundation for shaping future generations. This study aims to examine the implementation of traffic ethics education for young children, the strategies used, and influencing factors at Al-Anshor Islamic Kindergarten Palembang in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, involving two teachers (Class A and B) as the main data sources. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the strategy for teaching traffic ethics includes: (1) Planning, by integrating traffic ethics indicators into RKM and RPPH; (2) Implementation, through integration in learning activities, school culture, and daily routines; and (3) Evaluation, conducted in conjunction with other learning assessments. The character values fostered through this process include self-confidence, discipline, and responsibility. These findings suggest that incorporating traffic ethics education into early childhood learning can effectively instill discipline, contributing positively to children's character development and awareness of civic responsibility from an early age.

Early childhood health is an important aspect that must be maintained consistently, especially in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. One simple but effective way to maintain health is through the habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) properly. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to provide education and familiarize children with the correct CTPS behavior at Darma Wanita Persatuan Sidodadi Kindergarten, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The methods used in this activity include interactive counseling, explanation of how to wash hands properly based on WHO steps, and direct practice involving children and teachers. The results of the activity showed an increase in children's understanding of the importance of washing hands and skills in doing CTPS properly. It is hoped that this habit can be continued by the school and parents as part of preventive efforts in maintaining children's health.