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The development of digital technology has changed the landscape of educational media, especially in the field of engineering, where abstract concepts often pose a challenge. In electrical engineering education, students often have difficulty understanding concepts such as current flow and circuit behavior due to limited class time and a lack of visualization tools. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in enhancing conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and student engagement in the Electrical Circuits course. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was applied, involving two groups: one group used AR-based media, while the control group used traditional instruction. Both groups underwent pre-tests and post-tests with 30 multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain scores. Results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant improvement, with the average post-test score increasing from 62 to 81 and an N-Gain score of 0.48, while the control group only improved from 61 to 71 with an N-Gain score of 0.25. Statistical tests confirmed significant differences between the two groups. These findings indicate that AR is effective in enhancing understanding of complex concepts and can be integrated into technical education curricula to meet modern learning demands.

This article discusses the implementation of the Learning Objective Flow (Alur Tujuan Pembelajaran, ATP) and Teaching Modules (Modul Ajar) within the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) at MAN 2 Padang, specifically in the subject of Mathematics. The study aims to examine the development, application, and evaluation of these instructional tools in supporting the achievement of Learning Outcomes (Capaian Pembelajaran, CP) and strengthening students' character education. Using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation and in-depth interviews, the findings reveal that ATP development is conducted collaboratively among teachers through the Teacher Working Group (KKG), based on the guidelines of the Independent Curriculum. The teaching modules are designed adaptively and contextually, integrating the reinforcement of the Profil Pelajar Pancasila and utilizing digital technologies. Challenges include limited preparation time, varying levels of teacher understanding, and adaptation to new pedagogical approaches. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the development of more effective and meaningful instructional tools within the implementation of the Independent Curriculum.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the world of education, especially for prospective teachers and students interacting in the teaching and learning process. However, in many educational units, the utilization of educational learning technology is not fully optimal. This study serves to analyze the effect of technology-based learning media utilization on student learning outcomes at SMKN 4 Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews with the principal, one teacher, and three students. The interview instrument consisted of ten questions designed to explore the use, constraints, and impact of technology in the learning process. The results show that the school has provided technological facilities and encouraged teachers to utilize them, although not all teachers are able to integrate technological media to the fullest. Teachers acknowledge that digital media helps solve educational problems that occur at SMKN 4 Medan. From the students' side, technology-based learning is interesting and helps understanding, but there are still obstacles in the availability of devices and distraction of learning focus.

Interest and motivation in learning mathematics among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) students remain relatively low, particularly in understanding basic arithmetic concepts such as addition and subtraction. This condition has led to poor learning outcomes and a lack of active student engagement in the learning process.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Scratch-based learning media in improving MI students’ arithmetic skills. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman.The findings indicate that the use of Scratch media can enhance learning motivation, student engagement, and understanding of arithmetic concepts in a more enjoyable and interactive way. Thus, Scratch-based learning media is proven effective in improving the arithmetic skills of MI students. It is recommended that teachers utilize interactive digital media such as Scratch as an innovative alternative in teaching mathematics at the elementary madrasah level.

This study analyzes the influence of information technology (IT)-based learning models on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education (PAK) students. In the digital era, PAK is required to adapt in order to shape the character and spirituality of students. Using a qualitative literature study of the literature, it was found that models such as e-learning, blended learning, AI, interactive multimedia, and advanced LMS significantly improve learning outcomes. This improvement is driven by the flexibility of material access, motivation via interactivity and personalization, global collaboration, and the development of digital literacy and Christian ethics. Despite infrastructure and competency challenges, the strategic implementation of IT learning models has been proven to transform the PAK learning process, contributing to improving students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor achievements.

 This study aims to compare student learning outcomes between digital media-based learning and conventional methods. The research subjects consisted of two classes: Class VIII E as the control class, which learned through lectures, dictation, and summarizing, and Class VIII F as the experimental class, which used PowerPoint, the Kahoot application, and instructional videos. The study was conducted over four meetings within four weeks. Pretests and posttests were used to measure learning improvement and analyzed using the n-gain formula. The results showed that the average n-gain score of the control class was higher than that of the experimental class. This indicates that although the experimental class used interactive digital media, the control class demonstrated better comprehension of the material, most likely due to the summarizing activity that helped students focus and internalize the content more deeply. These findings suggest that conventional methods involving active student engagement through note-taking and summarizing still have high effectiveness in learning, and the implications may serve as a consideration in designing instructional strategies suited to students' learning characteristics.

Community service represents a tangible contribution of higher education institutions in improving the quality of learning at the elementary level. This service activity was carried out collaboratively by lecturers and students at MI Miftahul Huda 2 Palangka Raya with the aim of enhancing the quality of IPAS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial) learning through the development of interactive teaching materials based on Canva. The program applied the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which emphasizes the empowerment of existing assets within the school community. The implementation involved mentoring sessions, technical guidance, and direct classroom application of the developed materials. Effectiveness was evaluated through pretests and posttests, showing an increase in students' understanding from an average pretest score of 55.19 to a posttest score of 77.04, with an average N-Gain of 0.47 (moderate category). Validation results from subject matter experts (96%), design experts (97%), and classroom teachers (89%) confirmed that the developed media were appropriate in terms of content, visual quality, and language use. In addition to improving learning outcomes, the use of technology-based teaching media also increased student motivation and teacher engagement during the learning process. The outcomes of this program not only provided direct benefits to the partner school but also demonstrated the potential for broader application as a participatory and sustainable model for digital innovation in basic education.

In the digital era, learning Pancasila Education at SD Negeri 01 Watusalam faces challenges in delivering material that is interesting and easy for students to understand. This research aims to examine the use of the Canva graphic design application in increasing the effectiveness of Pancasila education learning in the school. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that using Canva in learning can increase students' creativity, allowing them to create more interesting and interactive learning materials, such as posters and infographics, which help them understand the values ​​of Pancasila better. Apart from that, using Canva also increases student involvement and motivation in the learning process. However, this research also identified several limitations, such as limited access to technological devices and stable internet connections, as well as a lack of training for teachers in using graphic design applications such as Canva. However, with the right guidance and optimal use, Canva can be an effective tool for improving student learning outcomes and developing graphic design skills relevant to the needs of today's digital world. This research recommends the need for training for teachers in using Canva and improving technology infrastructure in schools to support digital-based learning.

Various studies show that learning evaluation instruments in the field still dominantly emphasize memorization aspects and do not fully measure students' higher-level thinking skills. The mismatch between learning objectives and evaluation instruments has an impact on the low validity of learning outcomes. This research aims to identify fundamental principles in the development of test-based evaluation instruments and assess their effectiveness in representing learning outcomes. This research adopts qualitative method with descriptive-analytical research type and uses literature review technique. Data were collected through documentation study of national journal articles, textbooks, and relevant digital documents. The technique applied to analyze the data was content analysis. The findings of this study indicate that an effective evaluation instrument must fulfill the principles of validity, reliability, objectivity, and practicality, and be supported by the principles of integration, pedagogical value, accountability, and continuity. Instruments built based on these principles not only act as instruments for measuring cognitive achievement, but also as reflection tools that encourage the spirit of learning and continuous improvement of teaching.  

Technology development has brought significant changes in education, demanding students' active role as prospective educators to innovate in learning. This article aims to describe the role of Elementary Madrasah Teacher Education (PGMI) students in collaborative community service to develop interactive teaching materials based on digital books in Mathematics subjects in class IV of MIS Al-Jihad Palangka Raya using the ABCD method (Audience, Behaviour, Condition, Degree). The study results showed that the teaching materials developed were feasible (material validation 97%, design 96%), received positive teacher responses (82%), and significantly impacted student learning outcomes. Thus, PGMI students are essential in supporting compelling and engaging digital-based learning innovations.

This study aims to determine the influence of digital comic learning media KLIK (Financial Literacy Comics) on cognitive learning outcomes in social studies subjects of grade VII students of SMP Negeri 22 Malang. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The type of research used is an experimental type of research with a Posttest Only Control Group Design research design. The population in this study is all grade VII students of SMP Negeri 22 Malang with the sample used, namely grade VII B students as the experimental class and grade VII G as the control class. The instrument used to measure students' cognitive learning outcomes is test questions. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data instrument tests with validity tests and reliability tests, prerequisite tests with normality tests and homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests using t-tests. The results of the study showed that there was a partial influence of digital comic learning media KLIK (Financial Literacy Comics) on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the results of data analysis with the help  of SPSS 22 for Windows which shows 0.000 < 0.05 which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of language learning, particularly in the post-pandemic era where self-directed learning through mobile applications and online platforms is increasingly common. This study explores the effectiveness of two popular digital tools LuvLingua and YouTube in supporting independent Japanese language learning among Indonesian university students. LuvLingua offers a structured, gamified approach suitable for beginners, while YouTube provides authentic and contextual exposure through real-life content. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this research involved twelve students from non-language majors who actively use both platforms to study Japanese. The findings reveal that each platform has distinct advantages: LuvLingua excels in foundational vocabulary and pronunciation, whereas YouTube significantly enhances listening skills and cultural understanding. The combination of both platforms yields optimal learning outcomes, although success heavily depends on learners’ motivation, discipline, and time management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-assisted language learning and provides practical recommendations for learners, educators, and content developers.

This study explores how a digital-based listen–response method—combining vibrant video stimuli with instant, game-like feedback on the Quizizz platform—can transform listening comprehension from a passive task into an energizing adventure. Involving 39 junior high students, the research gathered performance data from structured listening quizzes and direct teacher observations. With an impressive average score of 87.17—most students achieving “Good” to “Excellent” levels—and vivid improvements in focus and enthusiasm, the findings reveal that turning listening exercises into interactive challenges boosts both comprehension and motivation. Yet, to master higher-order inferential skills, follow-up discussions and reflection activities are essential. By harnessing this method, educators can reimagine listening lessons as interactive journeys that captivate learners and deepen their language skills.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning media presents challenges related to the uneven readiness of human resources and infrastructure, thus affecting the effectiveness of its implementation. This study aims to examine the effect of AI implementation in learning media development on learning outcomes of students of Faculty of Economics, University of Balikpapan. The method used is quantitative with survey design and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using AMOS. The sample consists of 113 students selected by simple random sampling from the population of 376 active students. The results of the analysis showed that the readiness of lecturers and the quality of AI-based learning media had a significant effect on improving student learning outcomes. However, the success of AI implementation is also strongly influenced by infrastructure support and educator training. The findings provide important implications for learning media developers and policy makers to strengthen lecturers' capacity and improve technology infrastructure to support inclusive and sustainable digital transformation of education. In addition, ethical aspects and data privacy should be the main concerns in the development of AI-based learning media.

The teaching of Professional Ethics in the Culinary Arts Study Program is often delivered in a theoretical manner, make lack of contextual and reflective learning experiences for students. This study aims to develop and evaluate an interactive pocket book as a learning medium to support students' understanding of ethical values in real culinary work settings. The research employed the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), with data collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, practicality questionnaires, and pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted over three months at Universitas Negeri Medan. Validation results indicated that the media was highly feasible in terms of content, layout, and language. Practicality testing showed that students found the media very practical, while the effectiveness test revealed an improvement in learning outcomes with a gain score of 0.60 (moderate to high category). These findings demonstrate that the interactive pocket book is effective in promoting ethical learning that is contextual, reflective, and applicable. The media is recommended for integration into learning strategies focused on values and professional attitudes and is suggested for further development into digital formats to enhance flexibility and wider accessibility.

The world of education has undergone a major shift as a result of advances in information and communication technology. This study compares conventional and digital learning methods for distance learning (PJJ) across the board, with the aim of finding out what is effective, what is not effective, and how the two methods affect student learning outcomes and experiences. Conventional learning, which relies on direct interaction between teachers and students, emphasizes elements such as giving feedback, easy to do, structured, and routine. It has the advantage of being able to facilitate direct interpersonal communication, provide intensive supervision and guidance, and create a competitive learning environment. However, this method has some limitations, especially in terms of time and space flexibility. It is also not able to meet the learning needs of individuals in large groups. On the other hand, digital learning offers greater flexibility, access to a wide range of educational resources, and increased interactivity through the use of online collaboration tools, e-learning platforms, and video conferencing. The use of technology allows learning content to be presented in a systematic, structured and engaging manner, increasing student motivation and participation. In addition, it allows materials to be tailored to each student's learning style and conditions, and supports collaborative and independent learning. Challenges include the possibility of misuse of technology, limited access in some areas, lack of direct social interaction, and reliance on digital infrastructure and capabilities. The research results indicate that digital learning generally enhances student learning outcomes more significantly compared to conventional learning, especially in terms of distance learning (PJJ). Digital strategies such as structured instructional design, integration of practical experiences, motivational support, and time management have been shown to improve student interaction, understanding, and independence. However, digital and conventional learning methods can complement each other to achieve optimal effectiveness. The application of these strategies not only boosts students' academic performance but also equips them with the essential skills to tackle future challenges. 

This study aims to explore the implementation of expository teaching strategies in enhancing students' communication competencies in the digital era. Using a qualitative research method with a library research approach, this study analyzes various literatures related to expository teaching, communication competencies, and the use of digital technology in education. The findings reveal that expository teaching supported by digital technology can enrich the learning experience by increasing interactivity, accessibility, and understanding of the material. However, challenges such as the digital divide, digital distractions, and the need for adequate digital literacy skills were also identified. In conclusion, while the implementation of expository teaching based on technology offers numerous benefits, proper management and adequate training support for both teachers and students are crucial to maximize learning outcomes.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has brought major changes to the world of education, especially in terms of the media used to support the teaching and learning process. The use of ICT-based media offers various advantages, such as fast access to information, more interesting learning materials, and a more flexible and personalized approach. This article aims to analyze the role of ICT-based media in improving student learning outcomes. In this discussion, it is explained how the use of ICT can enrich learning experiences, increase student motivation, and support more collaborative and independent learning. Even though there are various benefits, this article also identifies several challenges faced in implementing ICT-based media, such as gaps in technology access, limited infrastructure, and a lack of digital skills among teachers and students. Based on this analysis, this article concludes that although ICT-based media has great potential to improve learning outcomes, the success of its implementation is very dependent on infrastructure readiness, training for teachers, and awareness of the importance of technology integration in the education curriculum. For this reason, there needs to be a more planned strategy and support from all parties to maximize the use of ICT in education

The digital era presents new challenges and opportunities in the world of education. Students now live in the midst of abundant technology and information, so that conventional learning approaches are often no longer relevant. This article aims to examine various innovative learning strategies that can improve student engagement and learning outcomes. With a qualitative approach and literature study, this study found that technology integration, active learning approaches, and the use of digital interactive media can significantly increase student motivation and participation. The implications of these findings suggest that teachers need to design more adaptive and creative learning in facing the challenges of the 21st century.

Mathematics is often viewed by many elementary school students as a difficult subject. This is because if it is only taught in the lecture method, the material is abstract and not very interesting. To overcome this, the use of interactive learning media is a promising solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which interactive media affects mathematics learning outcomes in elementary school and what factors support its success. The method used is literature study research by collecting and analyzing various related research findings. The findings of this study indicate that interactive media such as animation, educational applications, digital games and other visual media can help to better understand the material, increase enthusiasm for learning, and promote active participation in the learning process. In addition, most of the studies analyzed showed an increase in students' academic reviews after using interactive media compared to traditional learning methods. The success of using this media is also greatly influenced by teacher motivation, institutions available at school, and the suitability of the media to student needs. Therefore, it is important for teachers to choose the right media and remain innovative. This will make the mathematics learning process more interesting and easier for students.