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This research aims to determine the effect of applying the command teaching style on the fundamental breaststroke skills of male students at SMA Negeri 7 Manado. Using an experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test and post-test design, data were collected from 30 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received treatment using the command teaching style, while the control group followed conventional instruction. The results showed a significant increase in breaststroke skill scores in the experimental group compared to the control group, with a mean gain of 4.00 and 0.46 respectively. Statistical analysis using a t-test revealed that the command teaching style significantly improves basic swimming skills. These findings suggest that the command teaching method is effective for developing movement precision and discipline in physical education, particularly for skill-based learning such as swimming techniques.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

Education is one of the key aspects in developing high-quality human resources. Along with the advancement of time, teachers are expected to create effective learning media in the teaching and learning process. Learning media should also be adapted to students’ learning styles, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.The purpose of this study is to develop and test the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of an IPS (Social Studies) magazine as a learning medium for Grade VIII students at SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. This research is a development study using the ADDIE R&D model. Data were collected through interviews, needs and learner characteristic analysis, feasibility and practicality questionnaires, as well as pretest and posttest results.The findings of this study show that the IPS magazine is highly feasible, with a feasibility percentage of 89.91% from material experts and 91.18% from media experts. The practicality results based on teacher questionnaires reached 94.87%, and student responses reached 88.62%, indicating that the IPS magazine is highly practical. The effectiveness of the media was proven through the Paired Sample Test, which showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a difference in results before and after using the IPS magazine. Therefore, the IPS magazine is considered effective for use in the learning process.

This study examines the preparedness of elementary school teachers in Indonesia to navigate the digital age and implement the Merdeka Curriculum.  Findings reveal significant challenges in digital literacy, adequate teacher training, and sufficient school infrastructure. While student interest in technology is high, teachers struggle to effectively integrate technology into teaching and manage dynamic classrooms. The research underscores the urgent need for enhanced digital competency development among teachers, improved access to technology, and the development of teaching strategies responsive to technological advancements and the needs of 21st-century learners.

In the era of Society 5.0, the rapid advancement of digital technology has had a significant impact on the world of education, including the process of character development in students. On one hand, technology makes access easier to innovative and interactive Islamic educational resources. On the other hand, this progress has also caused a decline in moral values due to exposure to digital content that is inconsistent with Islamic teachings. The objective of this research is to examine how digital technology affects the formation of Islamic character in students. Additionally, this study investigates the most suitable Islamic educational methods to address this issue. This research was conducted qualitatively using a literature study approach and utilizing various relevant literature and scholarly journals. The results indicate that if used correctly and purposefully, digital technology can assist in Islamic character education. Therefore, collaboration between educators, parents, and educational institutions is essential in integrating Islamic values into digital learning media so that the character formation of students remains in accordance with Islamic teachings.

The digital divide has become an increasingly relevant issue in the last five years, with significant impacts on the global education system. Differences in access to information and communication technology (ICT) in different regions, especially between urban and rural areas, affect the quality and equity of education. This research explores the impact of the digital divide on educational access, including limitations in the use of digital-based learning tools, students' low digital skills and lack of adequate infrastructure. This gap not only hinders teaching and learning but also exacerbates socio-economic inequality. This research also discusses mitigation efforts that have been made by governments, educational institutions and international organizations, as well as recommendations to reduce the gap in the future. Thus, the digital divide needs to be the focus of attention in education reform to create a more inclusive and sustainable education system.

Understanding chemical equilibrium concepts poses significant challenges for high school students due to the topic’s abstract and complex nature. This literature review identifies key factors contributing to these difficulties, including widespread misconceptions, cognitive and pedagogical barriers, and environmental influences such as family support and learning resources. The review highlights the importance of constructivist and cognitive learning theories in designing effective instructional strategies that actively engage students and facilitate deeper conceptual understanding. Furthermore, the integration of educational technologies—such as interactive simulations and virtual laboratories—provides enriched learning experiences that help overcome conceptual misunderstandings. An integrated approach combining innovative teaching methods and technology use is recommended to enhance students’ comprehension of chemical equilibrium. Future research should focus on practical applications of these models and evaluate their effectiveness across diverse educational settings.

The purpose of this journal is because there are still many kindergartens/RAs that do not fully understand the management of learning environments. This paper aims to understand and describe the findings of observations conducted at RA An-Nur Babalan regarding the management system of learning environments. Based on the findings of the study, RA An-Nur Babalan has successfully implemented a learning environment system. The stages of this research are descriptive qualitative research, where researchers try to describe and explain the object of research according to existing knowledge. The methods used in this study are observation and interviews. The data that has been collected is then analyzed through several steps, namely data collection, data reduction, data analysis, and conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that RA An-Nur Babalan can create a learning environment that involves students (invites them into the classroom), encourages them to be independent, and has implemented the process of using the learning environment, as well as applying several principles of the learning environment. This study can be used to support the idea that the learning process, which includes teaching students about their social, emotional, and intellectual environments, has a general purpose of providing a means for them to engage in various activities.

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing character education through Social Sciences (IPS) learning in elementary schools, especially at MIN 1 Metro. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observation and literature study. The research results show that the main challenge lies in the diversity of student backgrounds and differences in character based on gender, which requires a different and more personalized teaching approach. On the other hand, the Independent Curriculum provides great opportunities with flexibility in planning and implementing learning that is integrated with character values. Strategies such as value reflection, collaboration between students, and strengthening teacher-student relationships have proven effective in instilling values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, tolerance, and cooperation. This research concludes that character education can be implemented optimally if it is supported by an adaptive curriculum, appropriate teaching strategies, and active involvement of teachers and parents.

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the Basic Teaching Skills (KDM) that are crucial for teachers in supporting the learning process. Through a literature study, this research examines various views and literature related to skills that teachers must have, such as opening and closing lessons, explaining material, leading discussions, asking questions, providing reinforcement, and creating variations in learning. The research findings show that basic teaching skills are not only related to the delivery of material, but also include the teacher's ability to arouse interest, increase motivation, and encourage active student involvement. A thorough and integrated application of these skills can contribute to improving the quality of teaching as well as students' learning outcomes.

The teaching profession holds a pivotal role in shaping future generations. A teacher's effectiveness is determined not only by subject matter expertise but also by a set of fundamental teaching skills that form the bedrock of professional practice. This article aims to investigate and explore the essential basic teaching competencies required for educators to perform their duties effectively. Through a review of relevant literature and a synthesis of various sources, this paper identifies core skills such as lesson opening and closure techniques, material explanation abilities, questioning strategies, reinforcement provision, variation implementation, classroom management proficiency, and small group discussion facilitation. It is argued that the mastery and effective application of these foundational skills are crucial for creating quality learning experiences and significantly contribute to the optimal development of students' potential.

The 21st century is marked by rapid technological developments, increasingly open global access, and increasing complexity in social life. This requires significant changes in the education system, especially in terms of the role and competence of teachers. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to adapt to the times, including in terms of the use of technology that continues to develop. In this era, teachers need to master technology well, for example by creating ICT-based learning media, utilizing learning applications, and various other forms of innovation. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This article emphasizes that to face the challenges of education in the 21st century, teachers are not enough to only act as conveyors of material. Teachers must also be able to be facilitators, guides, and innovators in the teaching and learning process. With this broader role, teachers are expected to be able to improve the quality of basic education and respond to the needs of the times effectively.

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Wordwall application in learning Indonesian for elementary school students. Wordwall is a digital platform based on educational games that allows teachers to create interactive learning activities online and offline. The research method used is classroom action with two cycles, where each cycle includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The results of the study indicate that the use of Wordwall can increase student interest, motivation, and engagement during learning. This application helps teachers in delivering material in a fun way, and is able to encourage active student participation in the learning process. Thus, Wordwall is proven to be an effective and relevant learning media to be applied in teaching Indonesian at the elementary school level.

Arabic language learning, particularly the study of nahwu, is crucial in understanding Islamic religious texts such as the Qur'an and Hadith. However, in many pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), the teaching and application of nahwu often face various challenges. Therefore, this community service program aims to optimize nahwu learning at Pesantren Motivator Qur'an Darussalam Klaseman by using the Al Miftah book as the main teaching material. This program involves intensive guidance for the students in learning nahwu rules, with an interactive and hands-on approach. The results of this activity show an improvement in the students' understanding and application of nahwu rules, which positively impacts their ability to comprehend Arabic texts, particularly in reading the Qur'an.

Arabic language learning, particularly the study of nahwu, is crucial in understanding Islamic religious texts such as the Qur'an and Hadith. However, in many pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), the teaching and application of nahwu often face various challenges. Therefore, this community service program aims to optimize nahwu learning at Pesantren Motivator Qur'an Darussalam Klaseman by using the Al Miftah book as the main teaching material. This program involves intensive guidance for the students in learning nahwu rules, with an interactive and hands-on approach. The results of this activity show an improvement in the students' understanding and application of nahwu rules, which positively impacts their ability to comprehend Arabic texts, particularly in reading the Qur'an.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of teaching and learning activities underwent significant changes. Schools that usually conducted face-to face learning had to switch to online learning. However, online learning did not always run smoothly; many challenges emerged, particularly in terms of access to technology such as mobile phones, laptops, and stable internet connections. In addition, not all parents were able to accompany their children in learning from home due to busy schedules or limited knowledge. This situation made it difficult for students to understand the material delivered by teachers online. The home learning environment was also very different often unconducive and lacking direct interaction which led many students to feel confused and unmotivated. These challenges made the learning process during the pandemic less effective and required all parties to find solutions so that education could continue to run well, even when conducted online.  

Learning the yellow book as a legacy of classical Islamic knowledge is still an important tradition in the world of Islamic boarding schools. In the midst of the development of the era and the challenges of understanding classical Arabic, Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School applies the Takhassus method as a special approach to deepen the ability of students to understand the texts of the yellow book. This study specifically focuses on 1. How is the Takhassus program in learning the yellow book at the Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School? 2. How is the Analysis of the Implementation of the Takhassus Method in Learning the Yellow Book? 3. What are the Inhibiting and Supporting Factors of the Takhassus Method in Learning the Yellow Book? The method used is qualitative research with a field study type. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation of ongoing learning activities. The main informants consisted of teachers and students who were directly involved in the Takhassus program. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Takhassus program involved a participant selection process, intensive learning scheduling, and a grammar-based learning approach (nahwu and sharaf) and translation. This program was able to improve students' ability to read and understand the book in depth. However, there were several obstacles such as time constraints, variations in students' initial abilities, and the need to improve the quality of teaching staff. In conclusion, the Takhassus program is an effective strategy in improving the quality of yellow book learning in Islamic boarding schools, as long as it is supported by good teaching management and a sustainable program.

Job analysis is a strategic tool in improving teacher performance, which serves to identify the tasks, responsibilities, and obligations inherent in the position. The main issue raised is the importance of placing teachers according to their qualifications and skills. Research shows that proper placement can improve teaching effectiveness and student learning outcomes, because teachers who understand their roles can make better contributions to the educational process. Related studies show that job analysis not only helps in teacher placement, but also in their professional development. By identifying training needs, schools can design appropriate programs to improve teacher competency. Previous research has indicated a positive relationship between job analysis and teacher performance, but there is still a lack of understanding of the specific factors that influence the effectiveness of job analysis itself. Existing research gaps include the lack of exploration of how job analysis can be implemented effectively in different contexts and its impact on teacher motivation and commitment. Although there is evidence that job analysis has a positive effect on performance, further research is needed to explore other variables that may contribute to the success of this implementation. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insight into the application of job analysis as a strategy to improve teacher performance in schools.

The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study is to ascertain how students' learning outcomes in mathematics are impacted by the availability of learning facilities.  In order to increase learning outcomes, the teaching and learning process will be more successful if supported by sufficient facilities, such as  proper study tables, additional illumination sources, lighting indications throughout the house,  appropriate study chairs, appropriate bookcases, availability of math textbooks and worksheet books, internet access at home, sufficient cell phones, student-owned question banks, and internet use can all support learning activities. Thirty students in all took part, and checklists, questionnaires, and documentation were the instruments utilized to collect data.  Descriptive analysis of the learning outcome variable data revealed that 20 students in class XI, or 67.67%, finished with a Minimum Passed Value of 80, whereas 10 students, or 33.33%, were incomplete.  Using SPSS, a straightforward linear regression calculation method yielded the following results: Y = 98,793 + 0,590X.  The findings of the study demonstrate that student learning outcomes are influenced by the accessibility of learning facilities.  For additional study, you can focus on variables other than the availability of learning facilities that affect student learning results.