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Successful packaging design is not only a determinant of a product's success in the market, especially in the beauty industry such as hand cream. The role of aesthetically pleasing and functional packaging design is crucial in influencing consumer purchasing decisions. Therefore, a marketing strategy focused on packaging design becomes key to enhancing product appeal and sales. The strategic use of mockups in the design phase allows designers to test and evaluate concepts digitally without the need for physical prototypes. The advantage of mockups lies in their ability to provide a realistic preview, expediting the design and development process. The aspects of packaging design are critical in creating a visually compelling and convincing experience for consumers. This research, employing a descriptive approach and qualitative methods, aims to explore the appropriate approach in designing hand cream packaging. The hope is that this research serves as a significant initial step in the development of hand cream packaging design, ensuring the product not only meets aesthetic standards but also competes effectively in a competitive market.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions and readiness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in implementing the deep learning concept in active learning. The method used is a qualitative approach through a literature review, where data were collected from various relevant sources such as scientific journals, books, and research articles discussing deep learning concepts, active learning, teacher readiness, and their implications in the context of PAI learning. The analysis was conducted descriptively and critically using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to teachers’ perceptions, supporting and inhibiting factors of readiness, and the impact of implementing active learning based on deep learning. The findings show that PAI teachers generally have a positive perception of deep learning as an approach capable of deepening understanding and Islamic values meaningfully; however, their readiness to implement it varies and is influenced by competencies, training, technological infrastructure, and institutional policy support. The implications of applying this concept include a shift in teachers’ roles to facilitators, development of interactive and reflective learning designs, and authentic and holistic evaluation methods while considering cultural sensitivity and contextual integration of Islamic values. This study recommends strengthening teacher capacity through continuous training, enhancing technological facilities, and policy synergy to realize transformative, critical, and character-oriented PAI learning in the digital era.

The rapid digital transformation has introduced new challenges in education, particularly in making mathematics learning engaging and contextual at the elementary level. A crucial issue lies in the low interest and engagement of students due to conventional teaching approaches that are often perceived as boring and abstract. This study aims to analyze the use of Minecraft: Education Edition as an innovative digital learning medium to enhance the effectiveness of mathematics instruction in the fifth grade of MIN 02 Batang. A case study approach was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation during the learning process. The findings indicate that Minecraft significantly increases student engagement and facilitates the understanding of concepts such as geometry, measurement, and scale through visual and contextual exploration. Supporting factors include student enthusiasm and available digital infrastructure, while obstacles include time limitations and teacher readiness in using technology. In conclusion, Minecraft: Education Edition holds significant potential as a 21st-century learning tool that is adaptive and enjoyable, with recommendations for teacher training and more effective time planning in classroom implementation.

This activity aims to raise awareness and understanding among PKK mothers in Padang Cermin Village, Langkat Regency, regarding the importance of mental health. Mental health issues are often overlooked, especially in rural areas where access to information and support services is limited, and where social stigma against mental disorders persists. Lack of knowledge about the early signs of mental health disorders can cause preventable problems to develop into more serious conditions. Through this outreach activity, participants were introduced to the basic concepts of mental health, the factors that influence it, the early signs of mental disorders such as prolonged stress, anxiety, and depression, and simple steps that can be taken to maintain mental health within the family environment. Methods used included interactive material delivery, educational videos, group discussions, and question-and-answer sessions, allowing participants to understand the material more deeply and relate it to their personal experiences. Additionally, practical tips were provided, such as breathing relaxation techniques, establishing positive communication within the family, time management, and the importance of social support among community members. This approach is expected to empower mothers, as central figures in the family, to recognize, prevent, and address mental health issues early on. The results of the activity showed a very positive response. Participants demonstrated high enthusiasm, openness in sharing experiences, and a greater awareness of the importance of maintaining mental health. Many participants acknowledged that they previously lacked understanding of the importance of mental health care and tended to ignore early symptoms. This activity demonstrated the strategic role of community-based mental health education in preventative efforts to create healthier, more harmonious, and more resilient families. Going forward, follow-up efforts in the form of regular mentoring programs, dissemination of advanced educational materials, and collaboration with relevant parties are needed to ensure continued understanding and support for mental health issues in rural communities.

This community service activity aimed to enhance students' technical skills in database management using XAMPP, an open-source platform that integrates Apache, MySQL, PHP, and phpMyAdmin. The program was implemented through a hands-on training approach based on experiential learning, allowing participants to practice installation, configuration, and database management independently. The results showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of database concepts and their ability to operate XAMPP effectively. Beyond technical competencies, the program also fostered behavioral changes, increased technological awareness, and the emergence of local leaders among the participants. This initiative is expected to contribute to the development of a more adaptive and collaborative learning culture in response to advancements in information technology.

The low ability of elementary school students to understand and connect interdisciplinary concepts highlights the need for an integrative and contextual learning approach. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning model offers a relevant alternative by fostering critical, creative, and collaborative competencies. This article aims to conceptually examine the implementation of STEAM in thematic learning within Indonesian elementary schools and to identify its potential and challenges. The analysis is based on a review of literature from various relevant sources discussing STEAM in primary education. The findings indicate that the STEAM model contributes to the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies, while supporting the development of 21st-century skills. This article recommends teacher training and the development of contextual learning tools to ensure the effective implementation of STEAM at the elementary level.

This study aims to analyze students’ conceptual understanding of hydrocarbons through a literature review utilizing the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument. Hydrocarbons are a fundamental topic in chemistry education that often leads to student misconceptions. The three-tier diagnostic instrument is designed not only to assess students’ cognitive knowledge through correct or incorrect answers but also to explore the reasoning behind their choices, enabling more accurate identification of misconceptions and conceptual understanding. The methodology employed is a literature review examining various scientific sources on the application of this diagnostic tool in teaching hydrocarbon concepts. The findings indicate that the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument is effective in systematically detecting and classifying students’ difficulties and misconceptions. Furthermore, the use of this instrument contributes significantly to developing targeted and data-driven instructional strategies to enhance students’ conceptual mastery in chemistry. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating three-tier diagnostic instruments in the assessment process to support optimal learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material.

In advertising, females are frequently positioned as the center of attention to establish product image through culturally recognized signs and symbols. Advertisements transcend their promotional function, acting as media that both reflect and influence societal perceptions, including gender roles within daily life. This is exemplified in the Vicks VapoRub advertisement titled "Mother's Amazing Hands," which portrays women as mothers perpetually prepared to care for their families. This study investigates the representation of the mother's role within the aforementioned advertisement using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The research aims to twofold: 1) identify the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded within the Vicks VapoRub "Mother's Amazing Hands" ad; and 2) analyze the portrayal of the mother figure through the lens of Barthes' semiotic framework. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing Barthes' semiotic analysis method alongside concepts of social construction of reality, cinematography techniques, and the societal role of mothers. Through the analysis of verbal, non-verbal, audio, and visual elements within the advertisement, the study revealed the multifaceted representation of the mother's role. This includes functions of caregiving, nurturing, and treatment of family members, ultimately portraying the tangible actions a mother takes in providing for her family.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a food safety management system designed to identify, analyze, and control physical, chemical, and biological hazards throughout the food production process. In the context of Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, HACCP implementation is essential to ensure food safety, improve product quality, and enhance access to modern and export markets. This study is a literature review that analyzes 14 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2025, sourced from Scholar and Sinta databases. The analysis focused on abstract keywords to identify key concepts, findings, and research gaps regarding HACCP implementation in SMEs food businesses. The review findings indicate that HACCP offers positive impacts such as improved production efficiency, extended shelf life, and reduced contamination risks. The establishment of Critical Control Points (CCPs) in stages like grinding, packaging, and storage has proven effective in preventing potential hazards. However, several challenges hinder effective implementation, particularly in SMEs. Common obstacles include limited human resources, lack of technical knowledge, inadequate basic sanitation infrastructure, and weak documentation and monitoring systems. Several studies also emphasize that successful HACCP implementation relies heavily on intensive mentoring and strong support from government bodies, academia, and business partners. Therefore, a collaborative and strategic approach is essential to optimize HACCP implementation within the SMEs sector, contributing to an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable national food safety system.

The "Balanced Nutrition from the Archipelago’s Kitchen" initiative is an educational and practical effort aimed at increasing community awareness of the importance of consuming balanced nutritious foods through a local culinary approach. This program was conducted in RT.01, Selumit Urban Village, focusing on nutrition education and the distribution of Bubur Manado (Manado porridge) as an example of a healthy traditional dish. The methods included nutrition counseling, cooking demonstrations, and food distribution to residents. The results showed improved community understanding of balanced nutrition concepts and greater appreciation for traditional Indonesian cuisine as a source of nutritious food. This activity also fostered a sense of solidarity and cooperation among community members. It is hoped that similar programs can serve as a sustainable model for culturally based nutrition education in other communities.

This study aims to analyze the types of student learning difficulties in solving mixed arithmetic operations based on the Newman Error Analysis (NEA) approach. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with literature study techniques on national scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The data were analyzed based on five categories of errors according to NEA, namely reading errors, comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors, and coding errors. The results showed that students experienced all types of errors, with transformation and process skill errors as the most dominant types. Factors causing the errors include weak mathematical literacy, lack of understanding of basic concepts, low motivation to learn, and limited contextual and interactive learning strategies. The findings recommend the need for the use of NEA-based diagnostic approaches in mathematics learning as well as the integration of visual learning media to strengthen students' understanding of the concept of mixed arithmetic operations.

In mathematics, especially in the material of linear equations of one variable, learning media has a very vital role to maximize the success of the learning process. Through realistic mathematics learning methods, it can help students use interactive media to more easily understand complex concepts. The purpose of this research is to explain the steps for creating Adobe Animate-based learning media on PLSV material and to assess how useful it is as a tool in learning activities. Research and development (R&D) applies the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The results of the assessment stated that Adobe Animate-based learning media for the PLSV topic is very suitable for use as a supporting tool in learning the subject. Small-scale trials showed a practicality of 93%, while large-scale trials showed a practicality of 95%.

Islamic family law is one of the crucial fields within Islamic law in the lives of Muslims, as it regulates family relationships, such as marriage, divorce, maintenance, child custody, inheritance, and guardianship. In the dynamics of Muslim life, family law is not only about matters of worship and social ethics but also related to justice and the protection of individual rights within the family sphere. Thus, a comprehensive approach is needed in the study of Islamic family law that is not only based on textual evidence but also on fiqh principles that can serve as a foundation in establishing Islamic law. The purpose of this research is to examine the specific fiqh principles in the field of Islamic family law, which include concepts, application examples, and the role of these fiqh principles in the context of Islamic family law. This research uses normative legal methods in qualitative form, with data obtained through library studies followed by content analysis to draw research conclusions. The research findings indicate that specific fiqh principles in the field of Islamic family law play an important role in establishing laws and resolving various issues within the family context.

This research aims to examine the learning methods and challenges faced by several students when solving mathematics problems regarding number patterns, with an emphasis on analyzing students' thinking processes. This study employs an approach to analyze students' ways of thinking. In this study, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on a group of junior high school students. Information was collected through observations and analysis of students' work. The findings of the research indicate that students apply various strategies in understanding the material of number patterns, which include memorizing patterns to trying to find their own formulas. However, many students face difficulties in drawing conclusions about patterns and connecting relevant mathematical concepts to everyday life. Common mistakes include errors in recognizing patterns, errors in calculations, and a lack of precision in understanding problems. Analysis of the thinking process shows that some students are still at the concrete operational thinking level, so they need visual aids and real-life examples to better understand patterns. This research emphasizes the need for an approach in teaching that can enhance students' abstract thinking abilities and requires varied practice in determining numerical pattern problems.    

This research thinks that Pasola is a series of traditional ceremonies performed by the Sumbanese people who are old enough to have an indigenous religion called Marapu. Every year in February and March, the series does well. The culmination of the traditional ceremonial activities carried out a few days earlier was the so-called Pasola. Pasola was a war fought by both groups of horsemen. Each group consisted of approximately 100 people armed with a spear made of wood with a diameter of approximately 1.5 m whose ends were left blunt The main purpose of this study was to study and describe the social conflict on the impact of Pasola Culture in Wainyapu village. This research also aims to examine and describe the history of Pasola, the purpose of Pasola being implemented, the rules in Pasola and the tribes that participate in Pasola. The concepts that underlie this research are the impact of Pasola, Nyale or sea worms, spears, sandalwood horses, social conflicts, causes of conflicts, forms of conflict, social conflicts and types of conflicts. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a narrative. The data sources needed are primary data and secondary data with observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. The population in this study is a traditional Rato and there are 3 Rato assistants, using the purposive sample technique. Data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, data verification and conclusion drawn. From the results of the answers obtained in the study, it can be concluded that the data analysis in the family relationship between Pasola participants and the audience is well maintained despite conflicts in it, government supervision and traditional Rato in the implementation of the Pasola tradition to avoid conflicts that occur permanently and well coordinated as well as unity and unity in maintaining this Pasola tradition is well intertwined between Pasola participants.  audiences, traditional Rato and even the government in the process of handling conflict resolution has been well minimized.  

Abstract, Learning media is very useful, especially in improving students' understanding of concepts,  strengthening their retention, and fostering their interest in learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to understand the problem of limited social studies learning media in grade 3 of SDN Sungai Miai 4 and find relevant solutions. Nusantara Kartu is an innovation in learning media designed to introduce and foster students' appreciation of the diversity of Indonesian culture. Nusantara Kartu media has a physical form like a medium-sized card, printed in color, and equipped with pictures and brief information about cultural elements in Indonesia. Nusantara Kartu media is able to overcome the problem of limited textbooks and student boredom in social studies learning. This media not only creates a fun and meaningful learning atmosphere, but also increases students' active participation and understanding of the diversity of Indonesian culture. Teachers can start trying to create similar media that suits the needs of each class.

This study aims to describe the process of learning mathematics on percentage material through the use of play money with the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach in class VII SMP. The PMRI approach is used to link mathematical concepts with real contexts, in this case buying and selling activities using play money. This research is a descriptive qualitative research conducted at MTs Al-Mu'aawanah Pemulutan, Ogan Ilir. The research subjects were seventh grade students. The instruments used include Learner Worksheets (LKPD), observation, and interviews. The results showed that the use of play money can help students understand the concept of percentage more concretely and contextually. Students become more active in the learning process and are able to connect the concept of percentage with everyday situations. The PMRI approach proved to be effective in increasing students' engagement and understanding of percentage material.

Science learning in elementary schools requires a concrete and contextual approach so that students can understand abstract concepts such as ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Food Chain Board media in improving the understanding of 5th grade students of SDN Kaliwates 2 about the concept of ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the use of this learning media can increase student involvement during the learning process, help them construct food chains independently, and strengthen their understanding of the interactions between living things in the ecosystem. This media also creates a more enjoyable and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the Food Chain Board media is effective for use in science learning for ecosystem material. 

This article aims to explain the theological relationship between Israel and the Church as God's people, as discussed in biblical studies, and to relate it to the history and development of the Church in Indonesia. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this paper explores key theological concepts regarding Israel and the Church, examining how these understandings shape the Church’s mission, identity, and role. The study spans from the colonial era to the digital age, highlighting how historical and cultural contexts influence ecclesial expressions. The article argues that while the Church does not replace Israel as God's covenant people, it participates in God's redemptive plan through Christ. In the Indonesian context, the Church manifests its identity as God's chosen people by embracing local wisdom, cultural diversity, and a contextual mission. This dynamic relationship reflects the Church’s calling to live out its faith in Christ within a pluralistic society, contributing to nation-building and bearing witness to the Gospel in relevant and transformative ways.

This study aims to examine how John G. Cawelti's classic detective formula is implemented in Holly Jackson's A Good Girl's Guide to Murder. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research explores the narrative structure of the novel. The research focuses on how the elements of the formula constructively shape the events that are narrated. Data was collected through reading the novel and note-taking. For the findings, the novel follows the six structural stages outlined in John G. Cawelti (1976) theory: (1) introduction of the detective, (2)crime and clues, (3)investigation, (4)announcement of the solution, (5)explanation of the solution, and (6) denouement. The protagonist of the story is Pippa Fitz-Amobi, a high school student who investigates a long-closed murder case for her school project. The novel adapts classic concepts into a contemporary context through its unique role as a teenage detective. In addition, the conventional detective narrative becomes more innovative by incorporating multimedia formats such as interview transcripts, emails, and diaries. This study found that Jackson's novel successfully blends traditional genre standards with modern storytelling methods, providing a fresh detective experience while maintaining the core structure of classic mystery fiction.