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Economics is a science that can be identified as an interactive process that equips students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to economic phenomena that occur in everyday life in society. However, in this economics learning does not always run smoothly there are also factors that cause student boredom that they feel, one of which is often sleepy and looks bored when the teacher teaches this lesson, Because the teaching methods applied by the teacher are not interesting enough for students, they become bored and have difficulty understanding the material presented. Therefore, teachers must develop appropriate methods so that students do not feel bored. This study aims to determine 1) The reasons behind the physical and mental conditions of class X students at MA Al Ma'arif Tulungagung during economics learning. 2) The approach taken by teachers to overcome student boredom in learning economics in class X MA Al Ma'arif Tulungagung. 3) The level of effectiveness of the teacher's approach in dealing with boredom in learning economics to improve student learning outcomes at MA Al Ma'arif Tulungagung. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. To collect data, this study applies observation, interview, and documentation techniques.

Advances in science and technology drive innovation in learning, especially through the optimization of learning media to foster students' interest in learning. This study aims to explore how the use of learning media can foster students' interest in learning at SMP Negeri 17 Batang Hari. The research approach is qualitative research with a case study approach, involving teachers and students as the main contributors. Information was collected through observation and in-depth interviews that focused on student engagement, material appeal, content clarity, learning motivation, digital interactivity, and changes in attitudes and values. The findings of this study indicate that learning media such as videos, images, animations, and digital applications can significantly increase student engagement and interest in learning. Visual aids enable students to understand abstract ideas in a more tangible way and facilitate the dissemination of content. Digital aids create an interactive and engaging learning environment that encourages students to be actively involved. Teachers also find these materials useful for clarifying exchanges, reducing words, and encouraging students to engage in structured reasoning. Learning Media not only improves academic achievement but also contributes to the emergence of values ​​such as collaboration, creativity, and digital ethics. This study concludes that optimizing learning media can produce a dynamic and relevant learning process, even though there are technical constraints in selecting learning tools that are tailored to student characteristics.

This study seeks to explore how the surrounding environment is utilized as a learning resource in science education at elementary schools and madrasah ibtidaiyah (SD/MI). A descriptive qualitative approach is applied, with data gathered through methods such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process involves stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that utilizing the surrounding environment enhances students' understanding of science concepts, improves learning motivation, and encourages scientific inquiry. Teachers use various natural objects such as plants, water sources, and weather phenomena as learning media. However, the research also identifies several challenges, including limited time allocation and lack of teacher creativity in optimizing environmental resources. Overall, the study concludes that integrating local environmental elements into science learning makes learning experiences more contextual, meaningful, and effective for elementary students.

The purpose of this study is to examine how fourth-grade students at MI Al Barokah An Nur Jember use teaching aids to learn about the excretory system. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that teaching aids are crucial in helping students understand the components of the excretory system in more detail. The tools used include replicas of human excretory organs, such as the kidneys and lungs. Teaching aids serve as visual media used by teachers to attract students' attention and enhance their engagement in the learning process. They also stimulate students' motivation to learn and assist them in retaining the concepts being taught. Therefore, teaching aids have proven to be beneficial in supporting science learning in the fourth grade at MI Al Barokah An Nur Jember.

This study aims to improve the understanding of grade 5 MI Al-Barokah students about the learning media of the human digestive system through the application of visual media innovation. A qualitative approach was used in this study with observation techniques and analysis of the teaching and learning process. The results showed that the utilization of visual media was able to help students understand the interactive media learning of the human digestive system more optimally. Students can visually imagine the course of the digestive process and understand various related concepts more clearly. The findings also show that visual media can foster interest and increase student learning motivation. The implication of this study suggests that teachers consider using visual media as an alternative learning strategy in con veying scientific concepts. This research also contributes to the development of more effective and interactive learning approaches to improve students' This research also contributes to the development of more effective and interactive learning approaches to improve students' understanding of scientific material.

This research is motivated by the discovery of several problems in learning Social Sciences at MTs Asy-Syafiiyah Gondang Tulungagung. This greatly influences the learning process for both teachers and students in the subject of Social Sciences. The purpose of this study is: To determine the problems faced in the process of learning Social Studies at MTs Asy-Syafiiyah Gondang Tulungagung in the 2024/2025 Academic Year along with efforts to overcome problems in the process of learning Social Studies at MTs Asy-Syafiiyah Gondang Tulungagung. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method using in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation as a form of data collection, data sources in the study. The problems faced in the Social Studies learning process include learning methods that are less interesting and interactive, lack of learning motivation from students, lack of training or workshops for teachers, limited supporting facilities in the learning process, and less than optimal learning evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parenting patterns on student learning outcomes, especially in terms of increasing students' enthusiasm, independence, and interest in learning activities. This study focuses on parental involvement in supporting student learning activities at home and its impact on academic achievement. By identifying the types of parenting patterns and their impacts, it is hoped that this study can provide useful understanding for parents, educators, and schools to build constructive cooperation between families and educational institutions. This study uses a qualitative method through a literature review approach. The data used comes from trusted databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus which are sources of information in the form of articles, journals, books, and other scientific publications. The literature reviewed was selected based on the following criteria: published in the last 10 years and discusses the impact of parenting patterns on student learning outcomes. The findings of this study reveal that parenting patterns are a key factor in determining learning outcomes. Supportive and participatory parenting patterns shape positive attitudes, high motivation, and learning responsibilities in children. Active parental involvement is a major element in students' academic success.

Through literature analysis, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the guided inquiry learning paradigm in teaching science at the primary school level. The methodology used in this research is qualitative, characterized by a literature review that analyzes various publications related to the implementation of the guided inquiry model. The results of the analysis show that the inquiry learning approach is effective for increasing student learning achievement, improving science processes, and increasing student learning motivation in science subjects. This model facilitates students to be actively involved in the learning process while still receiving direction from the teacher. The results of this study indicate that a directed inquiry learning model can serve as an effective alternative for science learning in primary schools.

This research is specifically designed to explore how the use of digital cartography is applied in Social Sciences learning at the Elementary School level. Digital cartography is a technology that visualizes spatial data, making it easier for teachers and students to understand the concept of location, area, and relationships between spaces more realistically. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with subjects of one fifth grade teacher and 25 students in an elementary school. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of the study indicate that the use of digital map media such as Google Earth, online thematic maps, and MAPENA (Children's Map Media) can improve students' understanding of spatial material, while motivating them to play an active role in learning. Teachers also consider digital cartography to be very helpful in delivering social studies material, especially related to geography. This study suggests the integration of digital map technology into lesson plans and project-based thematic learning.

This study aimed to examine (1) the methods of instilling tolerance attitudes and (2) the factors influencing the cultivation of tolerance in Social Science learning at Islamic Junior High School (MTs) Baiturrahman Tapung. The research was motivated by the lack of tolerance among students. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive techniques, supported by data validity checks and triangulation. The findings revealed that tolerance was fostered in eighth-grade students through school culture integration, including: (1) greetings in various languages and cultures, (2) forming discussion groups, (3) promoting respectful communication, (4) cultural exchange activities, and (5) celebrating significant religious and cultural events. Additionally, Social Science learning reinforced tolerance by (1) incorporating tolerance values into lesson plans and syllabi, and (2) connecting tolerance attitudes to learning approaches and subject matter. Supporting factors included teacher competence, curriculum design, learning materials, and evaluation methods. Conversely, obstructing factors involved parents' lack of awareness regarding the importance of tolerance. This study highlights the role of educational strategies and school culture in nurturing tolerance, emphasizing the need for collaboration between educators and parents to strengthen students' tolerance attitudes effectively.

This study aims to describe the implementation of electronic media Smart TV in Social Science (IPS) learning at SMP Ulil Albab Mojo Kediri. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that the use of Smart TV has a positive impact on students' enthusiasm, motivation, and comprehension in IPS learning. Visuals and animations presented through Smart TV attract students' attention, enhance learning focus, and provide stronger conceptual understanding. However, challenges were also identified, such as unstable internet connection, weak electricity supply, and misuse by students. School management strategies and teacher readiness are crucial factors for successful implementation. With proper management, Smart TV can serve as an interactive, efficient, and relevant learning medium to meet the challenges of digital-era education.

This study aims to describe the application of the inquiry approach in science learning for early childhood. The inquiry approach is believed to be able to foster curiosity, critical thinking skills, and exploration skills in children from an early age. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The subjects of the study were children in the Playgroup at Kiddie Care. The results of the study indicate that the inquiry approach can increase children's active involvement in the science learning process, such as when observing objects, asking questions, and trying to find answers through simple experiments. The application of inquiry also encourages children's communication and cooperation skills in groups. Thus, the inquiry approach is effectively applied in science learning in PAUD.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed fundamental vulnerabilities in global supply chain systems, such as over-reliance on single suppliers and a lack of operational visibility. This has highlighted the urgent need for a new approach to risk management—one that leverages smart technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution, thanks to its capabilities in predictive analytics and adaptive, data-driven decision-making in real time. This study aims to develop an AI-based predictive system framework to enhance the resilience of global supply chains in the face of post-pandemic disruptions. Using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the research designs and evaluates a system that integrates algorithms such as LSTM, Random Forest, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Reinforcement Learning. It also applies a federated learning approach to ensure data privacy among supply chain partners. The study analyzes over 12,000 data entries from diverse sources, including IoT devices, weather data, demand trends, and social media. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through a combination of quantitative methods (PLS-SEM analysis on 103 respondents) and qualitative methods (interviews with 12 industry executives). The findings show that AI-driven predictive analytics significantly improve supply chain resilience (β = 0.67; p < 0.001), with demand forecasting accuracy increasing by up to 40% and delivery times reduced by 30%. Conceptually, the study contributes by designing a resilient model that integrates real-time visibility, adaptability, and cross-organizational collaborative learning. Unlike traditional approaches focused solely on automation, this framework offers a more holistic solution, addressing key gaps in the literature. The implication is clear: AI is becoming a strategic asset in building sustainable, resilient supply chains amid ongoing global uncertainty.

Thematic learning that integrates local wisdom through an ethnoscience approach is still not widely applied in elementary schools despite its great potential to improve understanding of science concepts while preserving local culture. This study aims to explore the implementation of ethnoscience-based thematic learning strategies and examine their impact on students’ science competence and understanding of local culture. Employing a qualitative research method with a case study approach, the study finds a significant improvement in students' comprehension of scientific concepts as well as an increased appreciation of local wisdom. This approach also enhances student engagement and motivation while encouraging teachers to implement contextual learning. Ethnoscience-based thematic learning has proven to be an effective strategy for integrating scientific and traditional knowledge in the elementary school curriculum.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

Critical thinking skills are essential for every student, especially in today's digital era, where information is spread so freely and without limits. Students need to be taught how to think critically to make the right decisions regarding the information obtained. At school, developing critical thinking skills will help students face increasingly complex challenges. In this case, teachers play a very important role in guiding and educating students to develop these skills well. The objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the role of social studies teachers in improving the critical thinking skills of 8th grade students in the digital era of Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 2) To find out the steps used by social studies teachers to develop critical thinking skills of 8th grade students at Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 3) To find out the inhibiting and supporting factors in developing students' critical thinking skills. The approach used in this research is qualitative. data collection procedures in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. Research Results: 1) Teachers play a role in designing lesson plans with varied learning methods, in each method there are discussion activities, teaching by taking real problems in accordance with the reality related to the material in the classroom, familiarizing students to ask, answer, provide input and provide simple solutions related to the problems given.2) Steps to Develop Students' Critical Thinking Skills, including teachers getting students used to asking questions, answering, providing simple solutions related to the problems given. Teachers use digital media, such as PowerPoint and websites, as well as game-based learning, which not only makes learning more interesting but also supports students' critical thinking skills through technology. Teachers provide positive motivation to encourage students to participate more actively in learning. 3) The inhibiting factors include the rapid flow of digital information, “filter bubble,” lack of digital literacy, and low learning independence. Supporting factors include motivation from teachers or parents and students' intellectual development, which encourages exploration of information and a higher learning spirit.

Science learning in elementary schools requires a concrete and contextual approach so that students can understand abstract concepts such as ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Food Chain Board media in improving the understanding of 5th grade students of SDN Kaliwates 2 about the concept of ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the use of this learning media can increase student involvement during the learning process, help them construct food chains independently, and strengthen their understanding of the interactions between living things in the ecosystem. This media also creates a more enjoyable and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the Food Chain Board media is effective for use in science learning for ecosystem material. 

This research aims to examine the role of Islamic education in encouraging the advancement of science and technology (science and technology) in the era of globalization. In facing the challenges of digitalization and value degradation, Islamic education is expected to be able to integrate Islamic values with technological developments harmoniously. The research method used is library research through analyzing various relevant literature sources. Data collection is done by tracing and analyzing various literatures, including books, scientific journals, and policy documents relevant to the theme of Islamic education. In addition, researchers also use qualitative techniques in analyzing data, which will then be presented descriptively. The results of the study show that Islamic education has great potential in forming a generation that is not only superior in science and technology, but also has good morals. The strategies highlighted include increasing the digital competence of educators, strengthening Islamic digital literacy, developing Islamic digital content, innovating learning methods, and integrating digital ethics in the curriculum. This research confirms that Islamic education is not an obstacle to technological progress, but a strategic partner in creating a modern civilization based on spiritual and moral values.

Islamic preaching (dakwah) employs various methods of communication, one of which is through written works. This study examines the preaching strategies found in Islamic written works through a case study of the author of the Nidzomi method, a method designed to facilitate madrasa students in learning religious sciences such as Tajwid, Fiqh, Nahwu, and Shorof. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the author, content analysis of the published books, and observations of how this method is received among students and educators. The findings indicate that the Nidzomi method has a unique appeal by combining the literary element of nadhom with a structured and easily memorizable learning system. Additionally, the preaching strategy through written works has successfully reached a broader audience, not only within madrasas but also on social media, where the method has gained wider recognition. This study affirms that Islamic preaching through written works is not merely a means of conveying knowledge but also an integral part of a more inclusive religious literacy strategy. The Nidzomi method has proven effective in helping students better understand Islamic subjects. However, challenges remain in its dissemination, particularly in adapting to different educational levels and ensuring accessibility beyond the pesantren environment. Therefore, this study recommends enhancing the promotion and digitalization of the Nidzomi method to make it more accessible to the younger generation in the digital era.

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing character education through Social Sciences (IPS) learning in elementary schools, especially at MIN 1 Metro. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observation and literature study. The research results show that the main challenge lies in the diversity of student backgrounds and differences in character based on gender, which requires a different and more personalized teaching approach. On the other hand, the Independent Curriculum provides great opportunities with flexibility in planning and implementing learning that is integrated with character values. Strategies such as value reflection, collaboration between students, and strengthening teacher-student relationships have proven effective in instilling values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, tolerance, and cooperation. This research concludes that character education can be implemented optimally if it is supported by an adaptive curriculum, appropriate teaching strategies, and active involvement of teachers and parents.