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This study aims to describe the perspectives of economic actors regarding the importance of money in daily interactions and transactions. Money, as a medium of exchange, not only facilitates the transfer of goods and services but also shapes more efficient and structured economic behavior. In everyday activities, economic actors view money as an instrument that provides value certainty, transactional convenience, and flexibility in managing needs and expenditures. The role of money is also understood as a factor influencing socio-economic relationships, as interactions between individuals are often grounded in transactional processes that require trust and universally accepted exchange values. Furthermore, the development of payment technologies has broadened economic actors’ understanding of money, especially within the context of digitalized transactions. This study illustrates that money is not merely a transactional tool but also a crucial element in shaping the socio-economic dynamics of modern society. The findings are expected to contribute to microeconomic discussions related to how economic actors utilize money as a fundamental instrument in daily economic activities.

This study aims to determine: (1) the social competence of teachers at Santo Fransiscus Xaverius Kema Catholic High School, (2) the resilience of students at Santo Fransiscus Xaverius Kema Catholic High School, (3) the extent to which teacher social competence influences student resilience at Santo Fransiscus Xaverius Kema Catholic High School. This study used quantitative methods. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, which consisted of 57 teachers and students. The instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of variable X and variable Y. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis to test hypotheses 1 and 2 and simple linear regression analysis to test hypothesis 3. The results of the study prove that the teacher's social competence coefficient reached 0.90, while the student's resilience coefficient reached 0.83, both of which are in the very good category. Further findings show that there is an influence of teacher social competence on student resilience, with the magnitude of the influence indicated by a correlation coefficient value of 0.075. Based on these results, the author concludes that the influence of teacher social competence on student resilience is in the very low category with a percentage of 7.5%.

This research is aimed at examining the operational strategies carried out by PT. Samudera Sarana Karunia Dumai in ensuring the smooth operation of the Mt. Meghna Trader ship at Pelindo Dumai Port. The main focus of the research is directed at the identification and assessment of the effectiveness of operational strategies which include the planning, implementation, and control stages of various activities such as loading and unloading, logistics, coordination with relevant parties at the port, and operational risk management. This research also includes consideration of external factors, including port regulations, market conditions, available infrastructure, and supply chain dynamics. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of continuous performance evaluation to ensure that ship operations can run according to safety standards, time efficiency, and procedural accuracy. A qualitative approach with a case study design is used and reinforced by quantitative data to get a more comprehensive analytical picture. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, direct observations in the field, review of operational documents, and surveys involving internal and external parties who play a role in supporting the operational process of ships at the port.

This research aims to analyze the process of issuing the Ship Operation Plan RPK document and the procedure for adding a port of call, both managed by PT. Citra Maritime Batam using the Sea Traffic and Transport Information System SIMLALA. Within the national sea transport ecosystem, the RPK document serves as the official approval that allows Indonesian-flagged vessels to operate, covering both fixed-route liner and non-fixed-route tramper voyages. The research methodology employed is a combination of Field Research and Library Research. Data were collected through direct observation in the field to understand the detailed steps within the SIMLALA system, alongside literature review to obtain the theoretical foundation related to the RPK document and maritime administration mechanisms. The findings of this study highlight that the main objective of this process is to ensure that the ship can sail in compliance with applicable regulations, possessing valid certificates and approved routes. PT. Citra Maritime Batam, acting as the agent, plays a vital role in integrating ship data to complete the necessary documentation at Batam Port. The key to the smooth running of this process is effective coordination between the agent and relevant authorities in Batam to guarantee the seamless arrival, departure, and adherence to government regulations, thereby ensuring ship operational processes run without systemic or field-level obstacles.

The importance of the Sailing Approval Letter (SPB) is specifically regulated in Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping. Despite existing regulations, maritime accidents caused by technical factors and human error are still common. Safety and security issues, along with all shipping activities, are the joint responsibility of the ship owner and relevant port authorities. Ships are a very effective and efficient mode of transportation. Therefore, the port service system, including the process of ship entry and departure, is a critical component of the infrastructure needed to accelerate the maritime transportation system. The issuance of the SPB is currently carried out through the Inaportnet System as a form of digital service transformation in the port sector, managed by BPTD Class II Aceh. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Inaportnet system in the management of SPB issuance for ships at the Singkil Ferry Port. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques carried out through observation and interviews. The results show that the implementation of the Inaportnet system at BPTD Class II Aceh is quite effective in accelerating the administrative process of issuing the SPB. However, several constraints were identified, particularly related to weather factors and the limited number of human resources who fully master the Inaportnet application, which can affect the overall smoothness and speed of the service.

PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo is a company engaged in ship agency services. The ship agency service process at PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo starts from the initial arrival of the ship, loading and unloading activities, until the ship departs to the next destination port. Ship to Ship (STS) transfer is a method of transferring cargo between ships that requires careful coordination and supervision, especially in handling Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) cargo, which is volatile and high-risk. As one of the ship agency companies in the Batam waters area, PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo plays an important role in supporting the smooth process of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG). This paper aims to comprehensively examine the Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) handling process carried out by PT. Batam Mitra Suplindo, covering the planning stage, coordination with related institutions, technical implementation, and post-transfer evaluation. The research method used is field research, observation, and library research. The research results show that the success of Ship to Ship (STS) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) highly depends on compliance with standard operating procedures (SOP), readiness of licensing documents, and synergy with the Port Health Office, Harbour Master, and ship operators.

Under the umbrella of PT. Waruna Nusa Sentana Group, PT. Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan operates in the shipping and ship agency services sectors. The aim of this paper is to analyze the management of the Minimum Safe Manning Certificate (MSM) for the MT. Mumbai vessel through the SIMKAPEL application by PT. Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. This certificate is crucial as it determines the minimum number and qualifications of crew members required to comply with international safety regulations. This study uses two methods: field research, which involves direct observation of the administrative process, and library research, which reviews relevant literature and regulations. The results of the study show that the use of the SIMKAPEL application accelerates the document processing, improves data accuracy, and reduces administrative errors. The implementation of this digital system also enhances service transparency and facilitates system integration. Overall, SIMKAPEL has proven to be effective in streamlining the issuance of the Minimum Safe Manning Certificate and ensuring the MT. Mumbai vessel's operational compliance with maritime safety standards. Thus, SIMKAPEL plays a vital role in supporting administrative efficiency and operational safety of the vessel.

Manifest is a list of cargo contents carried by a ship, which contains the type of goods, cargo number, sender's name and recipient's address at the destination port also called a bill of lading. When handling manifest documents in the shipping world, it requires the issuance of manifests as a condition for transporting goods and the obstacle is that the cargo shrinks too much during ullage so that the final result of the load causes delays in processing manifest documents. In the research paper made by the author using the field method (Field Search) and also with the research method of library study (Library Study) obtained from references from the library of the Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic Adiguna Medan (Poltek AMI) the purpose of writing this paper is to find out how to handle liquid bulk cargo manifest documents. As well as efforts made so that the handling of manifest documents runs with smoothly organized procedures at PT Seroja Jaya Agensi Kuala Tanjung. As for efforts to run smoothly when handling manifest documents, Among them shipping instructions must be sent on time by the Shipper when the ship has not docked and before the ship loads palm oil products at jetty A Multi Nabati Asahan.

The Port Clearance Certificate (PCC / SPB) is a mandatory state document issued by the Harbor Master (Syahbandar) as proof of the ship's seaworthiness and the fulfillment of all administrative obligations before leaving the port. In the clearance process for foreign-flagged vessels, the role of the shipping agent is crucial as the representative of the ship owner to coordinate all required permits and documents with various related government agencies (Harbor Master's Office/KSOP, Customs, Quarantine, and Immigration). PT. Dalian Putra Maritim Belawan Branch utilizes an integrated digital system (Inapornet) to manage ship agency services for both incoming and outgoing vessels. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and describe the role and effectiveness of the ship agent, PT. Dalian Putra Maritim Belawan Branch, in expediting the process of issuing the Port Clearance for foreign ships at the Harbor Master and Port Authority Office (KSOP) in Belawan. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive method supported by: 1) Library Research to collect theoretical data and regulations; and 2) Field Research, which involves direct observation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and the collection of accurate data within the Belawan Port environment. The research results indicate that the ship agent plays a central and vital role in the entire Port Clearance issuance process. The success of issuing the Port Clearance is heavily dependent on the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the coordination carried out by the agent, ensuring that the vessel meets all safety, security, and maritime environmental protection requirements before being permitted to sail.

This study aims to determine how to optimize container loading and unloading activities at PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch. Container loading and unloading activities are one of the main activities in port operations that greatly affect the efficiency and productivity of maritime logistics. PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch as one of the port service providers has an important role in ensuring the flow of goods in the West Coast of North Sumatra. This study is to analyze and identify factors that affect container loading and unloading performance as well as optimization strategies to improve time, costs, and resource utilization. The methods used in this study include field observations, interviews with related parties, and analysis of historical data on operational activities. The results of the study indicate that the main obstacles come from limited equipment, lack of coordination between parties, and low utilization of information technology. Suggested optimization efforts include the addition of heavy equipment for unloading, increasing workforce training, and digitalizing monitoring and scheduling systems.  

This research aims to throughly explore the differentiation strategy model implemented by the small-medium enterprise (SME) grocery store of  "Yussandi Komunika," in integrating digital transaction services such as prepaid credits, electricity tokens, and e-wallet top-ups, as an effort to create a competitive advantage. The background of the problem is driven by the highly competitive conditions in densely populated areas, where traditional grocery stores are compelled to transform in order to maintain their business relevance.Digital service innovation, presented through an adaptive and user-focused platform, has proven to be a core competency that is difficult to imitate and rare, simultaneously providing a sustainable competitive advantage. This innovation not only addresses the challenges of densely populated conditions but also establishes a new standard for efficiency and customer experience in a competitive market.The effective differentiation model for multi-service grocery stores in highly competitive areas is not solely based on price, but rather on a combination of services and the quality of interpersonal service. The store transforms into a "mini service point" offering one-stop shopping convenience for customers. The main differentiation strategies identified include: (1) Core Service Differentiation (offering comprehensive PPOB (Payment Point Online Banking) services and e-wallet balance availability), (2) Personnel Differentiation (quality of communication and speed of friendly service), and (3) Image Differentiation (creating a perception as a trustworthy and modern store).  

The rapid development of the digital era has led to a major shift in the modern workplace, with over 1.5 billion people spending more than six hours daily in front of computer screens. This working condition poses significant occupational health risks, including Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) such as Low Back Pain (LBP) and neck strain, with a global prevalence of 60-80%. Furthermore, prolonged screen exposure and high workload contribute to mental health issues like chronic stress and digital fatigue. This community service aimed to increase awareness among PT. XYZ employees regarding the importance of integrated ergonomics to achieve optimal productivity. The method used was an informative sharing session through a presentation and discussion. The material emphasized a three-pronged intervention approach: physical ergonomics (workstation adjustment), technology-based interventions (wearable devices, break reminder apps, and electromagnetic radiation prevention), and mental well-being integration (mindfulness and relaxation techniques). The results showed a significant increase in participant understanding of the health risks and the practical steps to implement integrated ergonomic solutions. It was found that combining technology-based reminders and mindfulness exercises can reduce health complaints by up to 40% better than physical interventions alone. The implication of this service is the recommendation for PT. XYZ to adopt an integrated ergonomic policy that addresses physical, technological, and mental aspects to create a healthier, safer, and more productive work environment for its employees.

The phenomenon of job hopping has become an important concern in the dynamics of modern employment, especially among generations X, Y, and Z. Frequent job changes in a short period are often triggered by various factors, ranging from the pursuit of job satisfaction, the need for flexibility, to the desire to gain broader experience (Arlita & Sari, 2025). The internal socialization activities conducted at PT Borneo Samarinda aim to enhance employees’ understanding of job hopping behavior and its impact on organizational stability and company productivity. These activities are carried out in the form of interactive sharing sessions involving employees across divisions. The socialization materials include the understanding of the job hopping concept, main causes in each generation, negative impacts on the company, and adaptive solutions that can be implemented by management and employees. Results show increased participant awareness regarding the risks of job hopping, particularly related to reduced loyalty, high recruitment costs, and loss of institutional knowledge. Open discussions during the sessions revealed employees’ commitment to be more reflective about their personal careers and loyalty to the company. This socialization is expected to be a preventive step that encourages strengthening the organizational culture and creating a balance between individual satisfaction and corporate sustainability.

In the intense competition in the entertainment industry, brand image and brand awareness are key elements that can influence brand equity. This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of brand image and brand awareness on the brand equity of Cinema XXI in Jakarta. The quantitative method was used by taking a sample of 100 respondents who were regular visitors to Cinema XXI. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SMART-PLS and SPSS. The research results show that brand image has a significant influence on brand equity, confirming that a strong positive image can increase brand value. Brand awareness also has a positive impact on brand equity, indicating that a high level of recognition strengthens the brand's position in the market. These findings provide important insights for Cinema XXI managers to develop effective strategies in strengthening their image and increasing brand awareness, which will ultimately strengthen their brand equity in the competitive entertainment industry.  

This study explores the influence of digital WOM (Word of Mouth) and Tasya Farasya's personal branding on cosmetic product purchasing decisions. Using the online survey method, data was collected from respondents who are social media users. The results of the regression analysis show that there is a positive relationship between digital WOM and Tasya Farasya's personal branding and decisions to purchase cosmetic products. The managerial implications of these findings help cosmetic brands in developing effective marketing strategies through the use of digital WOM and collaboration with leading personal brands such as Tasya Farasya.

This study alims to alnallyze the effect of talste alnd promotion on consumer purchalsing decisions alt McDonalld's Talmaln Pinalng Sidoalrjo. McDonalld's, als one of the lealding bralnds in the industry, hals succeeded in crealting mouth-waltering signalture flalvors alnd developing smalrt promotionall straltegies to influence consumer purchalsing decisions. This resealrch wals conducted alt McDonalld's Talmaln Pinalng Sidoalrjo involving 100 respondents als al resealrch salmple. The resealrch method used is qualntitaltive using multiple linealr regression alnallysis techniques. Daltal wals obtalined through al questionnalire consisting of questions albout talste, promotions alnd purchalsing decisions. The results showed thalt the respondents' responses to the talste of McDonalld's Talmaln Pinalng Sidoalrjo were in the sufficient caltegory, while the responses to promotions were allso in the sufficient caltegory. However, the response to the purchalse decision is in the very good caltegory. The test results of the coefficient of determinaltion show thalt talste alnd promotion caln explalin albout 5.5% of the valrialtion in purchalsing decisions. The remalining 94.5% caln be explalined by other falctors not exalmined in this study. Hypothesis testing allso shows thalt talste hals al positive alnd significalnt influence on purchalsing decisions, while promotion hals no significalnt effect. This study concludes thalt the talste of McDonalld's Talmaln Pinalng Sidoalrjo plalys aln importalnt role in shalping consumer preferences alnd influencing purchalsing decisions. Promotion allso hals aln effect, allthough not staltisticallly significalnt. They need to continue to develop alnd improve their unique flalvors alnd effective promotion straltegies to malintalin their position in the falst food industry alnd meet the expectaltions of consumers who walnt pralcticall alnd quallity food.

Right now, the utilization of data and correspondence innovation fundamentally affects different business areas, including producing. One arising idea is e-business, otherwise called electronic business. This idea underlines data exchanging and paperless exchanges through different innovations like Electronic Trade of Data (EDI), email, electronic notice sheets, electronic assets move, and other organization based propels. An e-business data framework is a gadget, innovation, or system that uses equipment, programming, organizations, and human insight to interface, do exchanges, and complete different hierarchical exercises without being restricted by time or area. The utilization of e-business data frameworks is a significant instrument that associations use to further develop business activities at the nearby and worldwide level. Indonesia is one of the trailblazers in web-based business and internet business. Nonetheless, the potential presented by e-business haven't completely taken advantage of by business affiliations.

Social media has become a tool used by everyone. It has become a widely used tool for sharing information and as a promotional platform. In today's digital era, many MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) promote their products using social media, eliminating the need to rely entirely on conventional strategies such as direct sales in markets or stores. Marketing utilizes digital technology to achieve goals through active and measurable communication. Marketing strategies using social media are crucial because they can reach a wide range of buyers without time or geographic limitations. Sellers and buyers can interact with each other through messages, comments, and reviews. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of how social media influences the marketing strategies implemented by MSMEs through interviews. The results of this study concluded that social media significantly influences MSME marketing strategies and builds relationships with customers. MSMEs are expected to develop better promotional strategies in the future and learn to adapt to competition in the digital era. As a suggestion, MSMEs are advised to integrate interactive content such as live streaming and influencer collaborations to strengthen consumer engagement, as well as allocate a minimum budget of 10-15% of revenue for digital marketing training.

Negotiation is a strategic communication process in which multiple parties work to reconcile differences and reach mutually beneficial agreements through the exchange of information, interests, and viewpoints. Although traditional theories emphasize analytical elements such as developing a BATNA, crafting offer–counteroffer strategies, and employing persuasive framing, recent research underscores the growing importance of interpersonal competencies in shaping negotiation success. Through a qualitative literature-based approach, this study explores how empathy, assertive communication, and emotional regulation influence negotiation outcomes, examines their relevance in digital negotiation environments, and proposes an integrated training framework for professionals and entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that empathy strengthens a negotiator’s ability to interpret emotional cues, identify underlying concerns, and build trust, thereby minimizing miscommunication. Assertive communication supports clear expression of interests and boundaries while maintaining respect, which enhances collaborative problem-solving. Emotional regulation promotes composure and cognitive flexibility, particularly in high-pressure interactions. In technology-mediated negotiations conducted via email, messaging platforms, or virtual meetings, these skills must be adapted due to limited physical cues and higher risk of misinterpretation, requiring explicit wording and intentional emotional management. The proposed model incorporates empathy training, assertive communication development, emotional regulation practices, and digital negotiation skills to cultivate adaptive and emotionally intelligent negotiators.

This research focuses on the strategic role of the people's market as a driver of the regional economy and a source of Regional Original Income (PAD), by taking a case study of the arrangement of the people's market by the Ciamis Regency MSME Office. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the Regional Government of Ciamis Regency implements five main strategies in structuring the people's market, including optimizing development and revitalization with ease of access, market development based on potential and local characteristics, cooperation with investors, facilitation and guaranteeing the ease of capital lending through banking, and market promotion using digital technology. This strategy has a significant impact on the achievement of PAD. The achievement of PAD from the people's market sector of Ciamis Regency was recorded to exceed the target in the period of 2015 to 2017, reaching 113.4%, 128.0%, and 121.9%, respectively, although it decreased in 2018 to 87.2%. To optimize regional levy revenue, these findings conclude the need to improve and improve the regional levy management system to support the performance of the apparatus, the implementation of routine activities such as coordination between agencies and socialization to business actors, as well as increasing the discipline, dedication, and honesty of fiscal officials in carrying out their main duties and functions proportionately.