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This study examines the renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Baru as an effort to synchronize with the Criminal Code (KUHP) 2023, as well as analyzing crucial articles that potentially cause legal uncertainty in the criminal justice process in Indonesia. Using a juridical-normative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this research analyzes secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that KUHAP Baru successfully addresses some of the mismatches with KUHP 2023 through regulations on alternative punishments, corporate accountability, and protection for vulnerable groups, but still faces conceptual and technical challenges such as legislative disharmony and minimal public participation. On the other hand, crucial articles such as Articles 5, 16, 74, 90, 93, 105, 112A, 124, 132A, and 137A pose risks of legal uncertainty due to the expansion of law enforcement authority without adequate oversight, which can violate the due process principle and human rights. The study's conclusion emphasizes the need for further revisions to strengthen legal certainty and harmonize the criminal justice system.

The transformation of the post-pandemic education system has crystallized online learning as a permanent component, with parents assuming an unprecedented instructional role at the elementary level, particularly at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This qualitative case study aims to analyze in depth the dynamics and implications of the role of these parents during the transition period. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with parents, students, and teachers from two MIs in Blora, enriched by observation and analysis of communication documents. The findings of the study reveal three crucial things: first, there is a transformation of the role of parents into "substitute teachers" which creates a significant psychological burden due to the gap between the demands of the role and pedagogical capacity. Second, the communication pattern between schools and parents is still one-way and administrative, and has not built a collaborative three-way partnership by involving students. Third, the quality of parental assistance is very diverse and highly dependent on their digital literacy capacity and educational background, which directly affects the development of students' self-regulated learning. This study concludes that the effectiveness of parental roles is determined by psycho-educational support, the quality of communication channels, and the level of personal capacity, so policy implications must move towards a differentiated and empowerment-oriented approach.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) emphasizes the principle of child-centered learning through meaningful and contextual play activities. Environment-based learning is one of the approaches that is relevant to the characteristics of early childhood because it provides a real learning experience and is close to the child's life. This study aims to describe in depth the implementation of environment-based play learning and its impact on cognitive, language, social-emotional, and motor development in early childhood. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with group B child subjects in PAUD Mawar. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that environment-based play learning is able to increase children's active involvement, curiosity, communication skills, cooperation, and motor skills. The conclusion of this study shows that environment-based play learning is effectively applied in PAUD Mawar and can be used as an alternative to contextual and holistic learning strategies.

This study aims to understand how PKK mothers in BPI Semarang give meaning to their life experiences in building humanistic values ​​within the community. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted by identifying themes of experience formulated based on Carl Rogers' humanistic theory, including empathy, unconditional acceptance, openness, and self-actualization. The results indicate that the PKK serves as a space that facilitates members' mutual support, mentoring, and development of their potential, allowing humanistic values ​​to naturally emerge in community interactions.

Medical emergency services demand swift and precise action; however, medical personnel are often hindered by the risk of criminalization resulting from unintended outcomes. Although Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health mandates the provision of assistance, the regulation has not yet provided explicit criminal protection for good-faith rescuers, thereby triggering the practice of defensive medicine. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Good Samaritan Law (GSL) concept as an alternative legal protection for health workers. The research methods employed are juridical-normative and juridical-empirical, utilizing statutory, comparative, and case approaches. The findings indicate that current regulations, including Article 531 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law No. 17/2023, have limitations as they emphasize the obligation to assist rather than the protection of the rescuer. In comparison, the international GSL concept offers a standard of "limited immunity," which explicitly protects rescuers from civil and criminal liability, provided the actions are performed without gross negligence. The impact of implementing GSL in Indonesia is projected to provide stronger legal certainty than existing regulations, reduce the psychological burden on medical personnel in emergency situations, and encourage social solidarity without the fear of unnecessary lawsuits. The study concludes that the adoption of GSL is an urgent legal reconstruction to ensure the professional protection of health workers in Indonesia.

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP Nasional 2023) has brought significant changes to the national penal system, particularly in the regulation of sanctions imposed on children who commit criminal offenses. Children as offenders constitute a special legal subject who require a sentencing approach oriented toward protection, guidance, and rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze the regulation and concept of sentencing for children under the perspective of the KUHP Nasional 2023 and to assess its conformity with the principles of child protection and the objectives of the juvenile justice system in Indonesia. This research employs a juridical descriptive method using statutory and conceptual approaches through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that the KUHP Nasional 2023 normatively accommodates a more humane sentencing approach by emphasizing the objectives of punishment and providing non-custodial sanctions and rehabilitative measures. However, these provisions remain general and have not been explicitly integrated with restorative justice principles as stipulated in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and consistent implementation are necessary to ensure that sentencing for children truly reflects the best interests of the child and the rehabilitative goals of the juvenile justice system.

This study aims to answer the following questions: First, what are the concepts of the rule of law and democracy, and how are they related? Second, what is the concept of human rights and how does it relate to the rule of law and democracy in Indonesia? The method used in this study is normative legal research, focusing on the study of legislation and scientific literature on the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. The approaches used include a legislative approach to examine the provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations; a conceptual approach to examine the theory of the rule of law, the theory of democracy, and the theory of human rights; and a historical approach to trace the development of these three concepts in the Indonesian context. The research data was obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the concepts of the rule of law and democracy are two interrelated and inseparable principles. Both in the traditions of the rechstaat and the rule of law, respect for human rights is placed as a key pillar, which is now understood more broadly to include issues of freedom, social justice, and protection from arbitrariness. The relationship between human rights, democracy, and the rule of law affirms that the law must be the highest authority, with the constitution as its highest foundation. The supremacy of law is an important element in the practice of democracy because the constitution functions as a social contract that regulates power and guarantees the protection of human rights.

This study discusses the progress of science in Andalusia during the rule of the Umayyad Daulah II, which served as an essential bridge between the Islamic world and the West. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that stimulated scientific advancement, the fields of knowledge that developed, and the intellectual values inherited for modern life. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method by analyzing various historical sources, academic journals, and scholarly works related to Islamic civilization in Andalusia. The results show that scientific progress in Andalusia under the Umayyad Daulah II emerged from political stability, social tolerance, religious enthusiasm, and government support for education and research. Knowledge flourished in diverse disciplines such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, art, and architecture. Andalusia became a leading center for education and translation, transmitting Islamic knowledge to Europe and contributing greatly to the rise of the Renaissance. In conclusion, the intellectual achievements of Andalusia demonstrate that the harmony between faith, justice, and openness produces a just and progressive civilization. These scientific and moral values remain relevant for guiding the development of a modern civilization grounded in ethics and humanity.

This study uses a qualitative method of a descriptive approach with an interpretive paradigm to gain an in-depth understanding of the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating broadcast programs. This research was carried out at the Communication and Information Office of Bogor Regency, Jalan Tegar Beriman Number 1, Pakansari, Cibinong District, Bogor Regency, West Java 16914. The data collection techniques used are direct observation of the broadcast process, in-depth interviews with broadcasters and program managers, and documentation to support the validity of research data. The results of this study show that broadcasting strategies are implemented through content planning that suits the needs of listeners, the implementation of interactive broadcasts involving listeners and routine evaluation to maintain the quality of the information that has been delivered. In addition, the use of digital media as a streaming platform and interaction through social media also supports a wider reach to listeners. The conclusion of the broadcasting strategy implemented by Radio Teman 95.3 FM is considered effective in maintaining listener loyalty and attracting new audiences, so that it can be an example for other local radio stations in facing the current digital media competition.technological optimization, audience engagement, and adaptation to the development of new media.

Agrarian conflicts in Lampung illustrate that land disputes are not only about ownership but also about how language shapes public perceptions of power and justice. This study aims to explain the changing patterns of media reporting on agrarian conflicts and the social meanings emerging from these changes. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and Lederach’s conflict transformation theory. Data were obtained from online news reports on agrarian conflicts in Lampung published between 2010 and 2025. The results show that earlier reports emphasized control and security, while later coverage shifted toward issues of justice, land rights, and community recognition. This change indicates that language in media reporting plays a crucial role in transforming public perspectives from a logic of authority toward a consciousness of justice and humanity. The study highlights the importance of fair and empathetic public communication as a foundation for peaceful and sustainable conflict resolution.

Marketing Public Relations is a communication tool that is useful for promoting the advantages of each company's products to increase public trust. Another impact of marketing public relations is creating a positive impression on the public, including towards the Erigo Company. The purpose of this study is to measure the influence of Marketing Public Relations activities on the image of the Erigo company. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online to 75 respondents. The theories used in this study are the Public Relations theory by Edward R. Bernays and the corporate image theory by Kotler and Keller. The results of the analysis show that Marketing Public Relations has a significant influence on the image of the Erigo company, with a contribution of 65.1% and a correlation coefficient value of 0.812, which is included in the very strong category. It can be concluded that Marketing Public Relations carried out by Erigo effectively supports the formation of the company's image among young consumers.

The development of electronic commerce through marketplace platforms presents new challenges in civil law enforcement, particularly concerning the platform's liability for the circulation of counterfeit goods. This study aims to analyze Shopee's legal responsibility as a provider of electronic transaction services regarding the sale of counterfeit goods, based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Unlawful Acts and its relation to consumer protection principles as regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and literature study, including provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. The research findings indicate that although Shopee does not act as a direct seller, the platform still has a legal obligation to provide a reliable, secure, and responsible electronic system. Negligence in verifying sellers and monitoring products has the potential to fulfill the elements of unlawful acts, particularly the elements of fault and causal relationship with consumer losses. This study emphasizes that Shopee qualifies as a business actor in the context of consumer protection, thereby bearing both preventive and repressive responsibilities to ensure transaction security and prevent the circulation of counterfeit goods on its platform.

Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a key factor in student academic success, particularly in second language acquisition. However, its impact at the university level, especially among pre-service English teachers, remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between parental involvement and English language achievement among first-year English Education students at Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin (UNISKA). Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 36 purposively selected participants using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The instrument measured both the forms and frequency of parental involvement and students’ self-reported performance in English-related subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation via SPSS 26. Findings indicate that students generally perceive moderate to high levels of parental involvement, especially in providing academic resources, financial support, and attending university-related events. However, involvement in educational decision-making and career discussions was notably low. A significant positive correlation was found between parental involvement and students' academic performance, particularly in aspects such as discipline, assignment completion, and encouragement. Emotional impacts such as increased motivation or reduced anxiety showed more mixed responses. These findings highlight the enduring influence of parental support in higher education and suggest further exploration of its emotional dimensions.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

The increasing volume of online hotel reviews provides valuable insights into customer perceptions but poses challenges for manual analysis due to its unstructured nature. This study aims to compare the performance of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) in hotel review sentiment analysis. A total of 20,491 TripAdvisor hotel reviews were classified into three sentiment categories: negative, neutral, and positive. The research methodology includes text preprocessing, stratified data splitting, class imbalance handling using Random Over-Sampling, tokenization, and supervised model training. Model performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix and classification metrics. The results indicate that BERT outperforms RNN, achieving an accuracy of 80.54%, while RNN reached 62.21%. BERT demonstrated superior capability in capturing contextual and semantic information in hotel reviews. These findings suggest that transformer-based models are more effective for sentiment analysis of complex textual data in the hospitality domain and can support data-driven service improvement strategies.    

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting real wages of construction workers across provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2023 using panel data analysis. The independent variables include Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Performance Pay (Balas Jasa). A panel dataset of 476 observations from 34 provinces over 14 years was analyzed using three model approaches: Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The best model was determined through Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, which confirmed that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate for analyzing this research data. FEM estimation results show that simultneously, all independent variables (UMP, CPI, TPT, and Performance Pay) have a significant effect on real wages with an F-statistic value of 436,465.9 (p-value = 0.0000 < 0.05), indicating that the model as a whole is highly valid and capable of explaining the variation in real wages collectively. However, partial tests reveal that only the Real Wage variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on Performance Pay (coefficient = 106.3320; t-statistic = 1276.083; p-value = 0.0000), while UMP (p-value = 0.1472), CPI (p-value = 0.6460), and TPT (p-value = 0.6934) show no significant effects at the 5% significance level. The research model demonstrates very high predictive ability with an R-squared value of 0.999735 (99.97%), indicating that the variables studied can explain nearly all variation in real wages of construction workers at the provincial level. This research provides policy implications that improving real wages in the construction sector requires an integrated approach that focuses not only on minimum wage setting but also on regional inflation control, human capital quality improvement, and creating conducive labor market conditions through unemployment reduction

The use of protective equipment in the form of helmets is an important aspect of ensuring motorcycle rider safety. However, violations of helmet usage still frequently occur and are difficult to monitor continuously. This study proposes a real-time helmet detection system using the YOLOv8 object detection method. The YOLOv8n model was trained using a helmet and no-helmet image dataset that underwent data augmentation to improve the model’s robustness against variations in environmental conditions. The system was implemented using the Python programming language with the support of the Ultralytics and OpenCV libraries. The system input was obtained from a webcam with a resolution of 640×640 pixels, where each video frame was processed in real time to detect the Helmet and No Helmet classes. The system displays bounding boxes and class labels in real time and is equipped with a violation duration calculation mechanism. When a no-helmet condition is detected continuously, the system generates pop-up alerts and automatic notifications via the Telegram application. The experimental results show that the system is capable of detecting helmet usage and no-helmet violations in real time with stable performance. The integration of violation duration calculation helps reduce momentary detection errors and improves the reliability of identifying valid violations

This study develops an interpretable machine learning model to predict the settlement status of Hajj fees in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Utilizing the XGBoost algorithm on a dataset of 4,332 prospective pilgrims from 2025, the research addresses the critical challenge of class imbalance where only 28.5% of samples are labeled "Unsettled". The baseline XGBoost model achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.7778, with a recall of 0.3482 for the minority class. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was employed to interpret model predictions, revealing that financial features specifically NILAI_VA (Virtual Account Value), JML_SETORAN (Deposit Amount), and JML_PELUNASAN (Settlement Amount) are the most significant factors influencing repayment risk, with negative SHAP values indicating increased default probability. The findings demonstrate that an interpretable XGBoost framework can provide both predictive accuracy and actionable insights for policymakers, enabling targeted interventions such as flexible payment schemes and enhanced financial monitoring for high-risk pilgrims..

The development of information technology has driven digital transformation in various sectors, including the food and beverage (F&B) industry. However, many small to medium-scale F&B businesses still rely on manual ordering systems, resulting in long queues, order recording errors, limited menu information, and suboptimal user experience. This study aims to design the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of a web-based Smart Ordering System that provides convenience, efficiency, and comfort in the food ordering process. The research method used is the Design Thinking approach, which includes empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing stages. The design process involves user needs analysis, user flow development, wireframe creation, and high-fidelity prototype development using Figma. Usability testing is conducted using the Single Ease Question (SEQ) method to evaluate ease of use and user satisfaction. The results indicate that the proposed UI/UX design provides a clear ordering flow, intuitive interface, and easy-to-understand user experience. Based on the SEQ results, most users experienced no difficulty in using the system, indicating that the design meets usability criteria with a very good category and is suitable for implementation in the F&B industry.