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This article examines the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities in implementing the merit system policy within the context of Indonesia’s bureaucratic reform, employing a narrative literature review approach using a triangulation of scholarly sources. Thematic analysis identifies five critical themes that hinder the implementation of the merit system: structural tensions between political patronage and meritocracy that create a hybrid spoils–merit system; significant institutional capacity gaps between central and local governments; digital transformation through platforms such as CAT, SmartASN, and SIPINTER as catalysts for transparency and objectivity; organizational cultural resistance rooted in patrimonial and seniority values; and the weakening of independent oversight exacerbated by the dissolution of KASN’s mandate. Although a progressive regulatory framework has been established through Law No. 5 of 2014, the implementation of the merit system remains constrained by persistent clientelism, limited institutional capacity, and cultural resistance. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on Weberian bureaucracy, New Public Management, and good governance by confirming that the implementation of the merit system in developing countries constitutes a political–cultural transformation that requires fundamental changes in political incentive structures, institutional capacity, and organisational values. Managerial implications include strengthening independent oversight, making substantial investments in institutional capacity, accelerating inclusive digital transformation, and implementing systematic change management programs to expedite the transition toward a performance-based bureaucracy that is professional and integrity-driven in support of Indonesia’s Golden Vision 2045

Indonesia is a unitary state with a lot of diversity, including various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Because it has so many differences, it is important for this nation to practice moderation in religion in order to prevent divisions that can damage the unity of the country. This research is educational and empirical. From the educational aspect, the focus is on the social aspect of religion in a multicultural society by emphasising the values of moderation. Meanwhile, from the empirical side, researchers will analyse the behaviour and actions of society in the practice of religious moderation. A country that is rich in diversity like Indonesia today often faces the issue of radicalism. Various groups that claim to represent certain interests are growing and openly spreading their ideologies. Therefore, religious moderation is an important element to encourage mutual understanding and respect for differences. It is hoped that this can be realised in harmony between religious communities in the midst of community life. The main objective of this study is to explore how to implement religious moderation as a strategic step to create a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia in the future. The approach used in this study is a literature review, with a descriptive analysis style, namely examining documents and the implementation of religious moderation programmes in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the government faces various challenges in implementing religious moderation, such as rejection from conservative groups and lack of support from educational institutions. The conclusion of this study is that religious moderation is a key factor in building a harmonious and inclusive Indonesia. This can be achieved by increasing collaboration between the government, religious leaders, and the community in promoting the values of moderation. Thus, religious moderation can be a strong foundation for ensuring peace and social stability in Indonesia.

This article discusses holistic education in Catholic schools as a means of forming Christian character. Holistic education integrates spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social dimensions to build a whole person according to the values ​​of the Gospel. Case studies in several Catholic schools show that holistic education encourages students to actively participate in church and community life. This article also discusses challenges in its implementation, such as differences in student backgrounds, and strategies to overcome them.

The background of the problem in this research raises the values of Islamic education contained in Q.S Luqman verses 12-19 which are guidelines for humans which are used as the foundation and basis for educating humans on the right path. This article aims to explore character education from an al- -Qur'an through al-Azhar interpretation, so that understanding of character education is more varied and more comprehensive. The aim of this research is to reveal the form of character education carried out by Nabiyullah Luqmanul Hakim as contained in Q.S. Luqman verses 12-19. The research method used is library research, the data of which is obtained from literature studies with a theoretical and philosophical approach. The results of the research found that the character education values contained in Q.S Luqman verses 12-19 Tafsir Al-Azhar by Hamka are the value of gratitude, the value of prohibiting kufr, the value of monotheism, the value of prohibiting shirk, the value of honoring both parents, the value of obeying both parents. , the value of believing in the Day of Judgment, the value of commanding prayer, the value of doing what is good and preventing what is wrong, the value of patience, the value of prohibiting arrogance, the value of simplicity in social life.  

This research aims to reveal the history and changes in the implementation procession in the village medical tradition during the month of Muharram, in Kalang Bahu Hamlet, Jawai Laut Village, South Jawai District. The research method used is the historical research method and consists of the following elements; heuristics (data collection); verification (source criticism); interpretation (interpretation of sources); and historiography (writing). The results of the research show that the village medical tradition is a religious tradition, an expression of gratitude for the blessings that God has bestowed upon us, and a tradition of asking God for help to always provide safety and keep us away from danger. The village medical tradition in Kalang Bahu Hamlet underwent a process of change so that it was divided into three periods, the first period 1950-1973, the second period 1973-1983, and the third period 1983-Present. The changes that occur in village medical traditions are caused by the increasing development of people's understanding of religious teachings. Apart from that, the village medical tradition has values ​​contained in it such as religious values, mutual cooperation, solidarity and tolerance.    

The transformation of media and communication in the digital era has reshaped how people interact, share information, and build social relationships. The digitalization of communication not only introduces new platforms such as social media and the internet of things (IoT) but also impacts communication culture and social relationship patterns within society. This study aims to examine the dynamics of communication theory in the context of digitalization, understand how these concepts adapt, and explain their impact on social and cultural life. The research method used is a literature review, analyzing internationally indexed journals, along with relevant national journals. The findings indicate that digitalization encourages faster interactions and wider access to information but also presents challenges, such as discrepancies between online and real identities and the erosion of local cultural values. In conclusion, a critical understanding of the dynamics of communication theory in the digital era is essential to harness this transformation positively without overlooking existing social and cultural values.

Constitutional amendments in Muslim-majority countries, including Indonesia, often face political challenges, constitutional conflicts, and harmonisation between sharia principles and democratic values and civil liberties. This process reflects the complex socio-political dynamics of achieving a balance between tradition and modernity. This research aims to understand these challenges from an Islamic perspective, identify factors that influenced the amendment process, and explore the integration of Islamic principles with democratic values within a reformist constitutional framework. Using a qualitative approach and analysing relevant documents and literature studies, as well as conducting interviews with legal, political and religious experts, this research highlights the political tensions and conflicts related to human rights, governance structures, minority rights and religion. Despite challenges, there are opportunities to mediate sharia principles with democracy through constructive dialogue and compromise. The research also offers strategies to support constitutional reforms that take into account public welfare and democratic principles. Keywords:Constitution, Contextualization, Islam.

This study aims to analyze purchasing patterns in online transactions using the Apriori algorithm to support sales strategy optimization. The research was conducted on transactional data from an online store selling household and daily-use products. The Apriori method was applied to identify associations between items based on minimum support and confidence thresholds. Four experimental scenarios were tested to compare the reliability of generated rules and determine the strongest item relationships. Data preprocessing included item grouping, transaction coding, and elimination of non-frequent items. The results show several strong association rules with lift ratio values above 1, indicating meaningful item relationships. The strongest rule identified was the association between forks and spoons, forming a highly relevant combination for product bundling strategies. The findings demonstrate that the Apriori algorithm can assist online stores in planning stock, designing product bundling, and improving marketing effectiveness. The research contributes practical insights for business decision-making and highlights the significance of data mining in e-commerce environments.

This article explores the role of religious education in shaping students' moral development through a comparative analysis of different educational systems. By examining the curricula and pedagogical approaches in various cultural and religious contexts, the study identifies commonalities and differences in how moral values are taught. The findings highlight the importance of integrating universal ethical principles alongside religious teachings to nurture well-rounded individuals. 

This research investigates the integration of Sharia economic instruments into green economy policies in Indonesia, focusing on how these instruments can enhance sustainability efforts. Specifically, it evaluates the role of Green Sukuk, zakat, and waqf in supporting sustainable development projects. Sharia economic instruments are identified as essential tools for financing environmentally friendly projects while aligning with social and ethical values. The research explores how these instruments contribute to the green economy by expanding funding sources, increasing public participation, and promoting social welfare. The study finds that the hybrid approach of integrating Sharia instruments with green policies leads to more sustainable outcomes compared to secular-only frameworks. The integration fosters long-term stability, attracts ethical investors, and supports social inclusion, making green initiatives more resilient. This research highlights the potential of Sharia-compliant financing in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fostering a more inclusive and sustainable economic model. Recommendations are made for the Indonesian government to develop policies that incorporate Sharia instruments into the green economy framework to enhance financial support and community engagement.

This study explores the development of Islamic economic thought during the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE). Using descriptive and literature review methods, this research highlights the integration of Islamic principles into economic policies and practices during this era. Key findings indicate that the Umayyad rulers implemented zakat, kharaj, and jizyah systems to ensure wealth redistribution and welfare. Infrastructure development and monetization through dinar and dirham currencies also contributed to economic stability while adhering to Islamic ethical values. Despite challenges such as social inequality and administrative inefficiencies, the Umayyad Dynasty laid a foundation for future Islamic economic systems that prioritize justice and prosperity.

The Law of Torah states that the nature of man is a creature of the Creator of the universe who is Spirit. When God created man, Adam, He formed him from the dust of the ground. When God breathed His Spirit into the newly formed man, he became alive, physically, mentally and spiritually. Worship of God is a logical consequence of man because of creation. The purpose of the anointing is so that worshipers are adapted to the nature of the Most Holy God. Thus they are pleasing to God. The reason is, man has fallen into sin. Sin separates him from the presence of the Most Holy God. The curse and hardship of life make man aware that he needs God in his life. The problem is, man with his own efforts from his own ideas will not be pleasing and able to approach God. Sin does not allow man to approach the holy God. This study uses a qualitative method in order to describe and to gain an understanding of the values and qualities of the anointing in the Law of Torah.

This article aims to explain why ‘religious moderation’ is essential in preventing intolerance and extremism in Indonesia. This study employs a library research method, including books, journals, encyclopaedias, and dictionaries. The findings of this study indicate that ‘religious moderation’ has the potential to keep religious values relevant and meaningful over time. In conclusion, an important and aligned religious vision and mission can create beauty, peace, brotherhood, and unity in social diversity through ‘religious moderation’. Therefore, there is an urgent need to encourage ‘religious moderation’, namely: religion must be understood and applied to free humans from extreme attitudes and actions that can damage humanity. In this view, religion should not be used as a tool to justify destructive actions. Instead, religion should be a source of creative inspiration that can improve the quality of human life everywhere.

collaborative learning -based aqidah akhlak learning system in improving students' social skills. In the era of globalization, social skills are one of the important aspects in the formation of students. Collaborative learning not only focuses on academic achievement but also on the development of communication skills, cooperation, and empathy. The method used in this study is library research from various sources related to the research topic. Data collection is carried out through studies, research, analysis of scientific articles, books, journals or magazines and electronic sources related to collaborative learning-based aqidah akhlak learning . The data is then analyzed descriptively. Results from review library research shows that collaborative learning is an approach that emphasizes cooperation between students in groups to achieve common learning goals. Collaborative learning strategies in Islamic religious education are approaches that prioritize interaction and cooperation between students to achieve a deeper and more holistic understanding of the teaching material. Well-designed learning will make it easy to overcome behavior in students. The application of collaborative learning not only improves students' understanding of the concept of aqidah and akhlak, but also strengthens their social skills. The importance of social interaction, student involvement actively in the learning process, discussing, and working together in solving case studies of the concept of aqidah and akhlak. By implementing the method, it can be an effective strategy in improving student cooperation and students are better able to understand the material of aqidah and akhlak in depth and apply Islamic values in everyday life and can be applied more widely in Educational context religion Islam.

This article explores the concept of inclusive education from a Christian theological perspective, which emphasizes acceptance and love for all individuals without discrimination. This study analyzes how Christian values ​​can be applied in an inclusive educational environment, especially for students with special needs. The results of the study indicate that a Christian theological-based approach can create a culture of inclusion that strengthens solidarity and equality. This article also discusses the challenges of implementing inclusive education and offers practical solutions for educators.

Economic problems that occur such as multidimensional poverty in the form of education, social, health and politics. One ethod of improving the economy and poverty problems is through grounding the Islamic economy with the alms instrument. The purpose of this study is to examine the grounding of the sharia economy through the alms instrument to improve the welfare of the community through the alms instrument. This study uses a literature review that contains theories, findings and materials from previous studies as the basis for writing this article. The results of the study show that grounding the Islamic economy to the community is not only by increasing the number of Islamic financial institutions, but rather to the implications of Islamic values such as the practice of alms. Through almsgiving, Allah swt will be able to cover the needs of the poor and the giver of alms will be doubled according to His promise.

The application of the active learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) has gained attention due to its ability to enhance deep understanding of the subject matter. This study aims to analyze the impact of active learning on students' understanding of IRE material in the classroom. Using a qualitative research method through a literature review, this study examines various relevant sources on the concept and strategies of active learning and its effects on students' religious understanding. The findings indicate that active learning increases student engagement, deepens their understanding of Islamic values, and develops critical and analytical thinking skills. However, the implementation of this strategy faces challenges, such as time constraints, limited resources, and the readiness of both teachers and students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of adopting an active approach in IRE teaching to create more meaningful and relevant learning experiences.

The growing environmental crisis underscores the need for education systems to foster ecological responsibility among students. This study explores the potential for multifaith schools to cultivate environmental moral education through an interreligious pedagogical model. By integrating diverse religious teachings on ecology, the proposed model aims to promote shared moral values for environmental protection and sustainability. The research addresses the gap in existing environmental education, which often lacks an integrated approach that incorporates various religious perspectives. Through a qualitative research design, the study analyzes curricula, observes classroom practices, conducts interviews with educators, and evaluates existing environmental education frameworks in multifaith schools. The study identifies key strategies, including the incorporation of eco-ethics from different religious traditions, project-based learning, and interfaith dialogues, as effective means of fostering ecological responsibility. However, challenges such as balancing doctrinal differences, overcoming biases, and developing inclusive pedagogy remain. The study emphasizes the importance of designing educational content that respects all faiths and promotes intercultural dialogue, thereby encouraging a collective commitment to sustainability. The findings suggest that multifaith schools can serve as powerful platforms for environmental moral education, highlighting the value of integrating religious perspectives into sustainability education. The study concludes with recommendations for incorporating interreligious eco-ethics into curricula and teacher training programs and suggests future research on the long-term impact of interreligious environmental education and its applicability in diverse cultural contexts.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.

This article discusses the theological foundations of Christian religious education, which not only includes understanding religious concepts, but also shapes a person's character and spirituality. This theological foundation is strengthened by biblical principles, where Christian religious teachings are seen as an important mission based on the great mission of the Lord Jesus in Matthew 28:19-20. This foundation places the Bible as the highest authority and main source of truth and elevates the character of Jesus Christ as the main example. understand the theological basis of Christian religious teachings. The research results show that the aim of Christian religious education is to develop human potential according to the teachings of the Bible, with a focus on developing character, values ​​and spirituality according to the teachings of Christ. The Bible is considered. the highest authority in all areas of life, including Christian education, and is the basis of Christian religious education. The character of Jesus Christ who was caring, merciful, humble and lived a simple life is an example for Christians in their daily lives. Moreover, this article also helps develop individual spirituality. The teachings of Christianity, whose main focus is awareness of a transcendent relationship with God. The role of the Holy Spirit is also considered important to strengthen understanding of Bible teachings and guide Christians to live according to God's will.