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In the world consequently, pollution of water has become a great concern, and with emphasis on the quality of water especially on those which originate from natural sources, with regard to water borne diseases and their causing pathogens. Some of the more familiar water borne pathogens include: aquatic or enteric bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Coliform bacteria; viruses; and Protozoa. Also relevant to diarrhea are rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, picobirnavirus, and enterovirus. This research work was done on a cross-sectional study basis over a period of four months, from April to October of the year 2022 at various water supply stations in Tikrit City, Salah Al-Deen province. Grab samples were taken from both the wells and the Tigris River to carry out microbiological processing and quality check in the laboratory. The samples used in this study included river and well water sources taken at the water treatment centers. Samples were collected at three points in the Tigris River and at three points from wells, although the points varied across the different sites. The findings were mainly secular for E. coli followed by P. aeruginosa and parasite such as Giardia cysts, and amoebic cysts.

Anemia throughout maternity describes a reduced focus of hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood particularly much less than 11 grams (gm)/ deciliter (dl) in venous blood. This problem influences a worrying 1.62 billion individuals globally with establishing nations dealing with a specifically high worry. In these areas anemia is a considerable factor to both mother's and also youngster morbidity and also death making up 20% of mother's fatalities. In addition it is approximated that virtually 50% of the international populace is contaminated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) a germs understood to create different health and wellness concerns. Remarkably the occurrence of HP infection amongst expectant ladies is greater in establishing nations contrasted to industrialized ones. Nonetheless the connection in between HP infection as well as the incident of anemia continues to be uncertain especially in Tikrit city. Consequently the goal of this research study was to check out the organization in between anemia as well as Helicobacter pylori infection amongst expecting ladies participating in Tikrit city.

Vocational education plays an important role in bridging the gap between educational outcomes and labor market needs, especially in the Industry 4.0 era. With the rapid development of technology, especially artificial intelligence and automation, vocational education must adapt its curriculum to prepare graduates with relevant skills. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the key technologies that increases efficiency and opens up new opportunities, especially for the younger generation in entrepreneurship. The Community Service Program (PKM) uses an educational-persuasive approach to increase youth's knowledge and skills in utilizing IoT for start-up-based independent entrepreneurship. The training held, including IoT application simulations, showed an increase in participants' knowledge and abilities. Evaluation results based on questionnaires show that the majority of participants felt a significant increase in their understanding of IoT material and applications. In conclusion, this program succeeded in developing technology-based entrepreneurial competencies for teenagers, while providing practical insight into the application of IoT in business.

In this study, parents as the child's closest environment have an important role in supporting child development. One of the things that can support the child's development is the pattern of caring adopted by parents. The pattern of caring is the relationship or patterns of interaction between parents and children in order to meet the physical and psychological needs of children. The Pattern of Caring is divided into three types, one of which is authoritarian. These problems arise as a result of children being subjected to excessive restrictions and pressure in the family environment. There is a huge influence on the social life of the child by the authoritarian pattern of parental care. Where there are many negative influences on the social life of the child. Children are less sociable because they feel insecure and tend to be quiet. Children are afraid to make mistakes and to try new things.

This service aims to improve the understanding and skills of MSME entrepreneurs in calculating production costs using the full costing method at the geprek chicken business located on Jl. Dr. Sudarsono No.34, Cirebon. Full costing was chosen because it provides a complete picture of production costs, including overhead costs that are often ignored by MSME entrepreneurs. This service was carried out using a qualitative method through direct interviews with MSME entrepreneurs to identify costs and to determine production costs. The results of this service with the application of full costing show that the total production cost in a period of 1 month is Rp. 11,700,000 with a Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGS) per portion of Rp. 7,446.67 and produces a profit percentage of 243.03%. In conclusion, this service can make a real contribution in improving the management skills of small and medium enterprises in the culinary field, especially by optimizing the calculation of production costs with the full costing method for geprek chicken

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

This research explores the effectiveness of religious singing methods in teaching the Pillars of Faith and the Pillars of Islam to young children at MDTA Al-Jauharotunnaqqiyyah, Kedung Baya. Character education at an early age is very important to form a strong personality, and instilling Islamic values from an early age plays a significant role in this process. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving direct observation and interviews with students to collect data about their understanding of religious teachings and their impact on behavior and character. The research results show that the religious singing method is effective in increasing children's understanding of the Pillars of Faith and the Pillars of Islam, as well as increasing their involvement in learning. Positive responses from parents and teachers confirm that this method   makes   religious   teachings   more   interesting   and applicable. However, challenges such as differences in children's levels of understanding, limited resources, and integration with the curriculum need to be overcome to maximize the effectiveness of this method. This research concludes that the religious singing method is an innovative approach that can be widely applied to support character education, with continuous evaluation and adjustment as the key to success.

Quality graduates need to be supported by good student management and maximum educational services so that the school is able to provide meaningful learning experiences for the growth and development of students. This research aims to determine the implementation of student management, the quality of graduates and the implementation of student management in improving the quality of graduates at MAN 1 Labuhan Batu Utara. The research methodology uses qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques obtained through observation, interviews, documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on research conducted by MAN 1 Labuhan Batu Utara researchers in carrying out student management starting from planning, coaching and developing students to evaluating student activities, the school maximally provides the best service for students and implementing student management. at MAN 1 North Labuhan Batu is classified as very good. In improving the quality of graduates, they provide maximum guidance and coaching to students in order to get maximum results. Students who from the start have good potential are then managed or guided well at MAN 1 Labuhan Batu Utara so that they have a significant impact on students' learning achievements with the achievements achieved.

Education is a procedure. Because, this affects everyone at some point in their lives. The interaction between individuals and their environment is what leads to the learning process. Thus, education can take place anywhere and at any time. Even though what is actually happening in the field is still critical because it has not yet achieved the expected level of success. Therefore, there are several aspects that a teacher needs to pay attention to in order to increase learning effectiveness. With the existing problems, it can be said that classroom management is a solution in the act of organizing or managing something so that it can run smoothly, successfully and efficiently. In teaching and learning activities, students need something that allows them to communicate effectively with each other, with the teacher, with other students, with the environment, with teaching materials, and with themselves. Therefore the aim of classroom management is to create a favorable classroom environment where each student can perform to the best of his ability.

Christian Religious Education and Ethics is the government's effort through education to have a good impact on students' personality ethics. However, in the development of today's times, the ethics of students' personalities are getting worse so that they cause deviations. That is what makes the author feel interested and encouraged to conduct research on the relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics with the personality ethics of SMP Negeri 4 Balige students in 2024. This study aims to determine the relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics with the personality ethics of students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Balige in 2024. The research method used is a quantitative approach with inferential statistical data analysis. The population in this study is all grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Balige which totals 208 students consisting of seven classes. Sampling in this study uses the probability sampling technique, which provides the same opportunity for each population to be selected as a sample member. The sample of this study was 62 people. The results of the research obtained using the r test are r_(count) > r_(table), which is 0.658 > 0.254 and the t-test t_(count) > t_(table), which is 6.769 > 2,000, it shows that there is a strong, positive and significant relationship between Christian Religious Education and Ethics and the personality ethics of students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Balige in 2024. In the determination coefficient test, data results of 43.3% were obtained which could be explained by Christian Religious Education and Ethics, while 56.7% were explained by other variables that were not researched by the researcher. This study is a recommendation for future researchers to research other variables related to student personality ethics using research methods and data collection tools that are more optimal.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how interest in Shopeepay is affected by online transactions. Convenience, security, efficiency, promotions, features, and payment variations are the variables in this study. Using a non-probability purposive sampling strategy and incidental sampling methods, questionnaires distributed online via Google Form provided the primary data. Convenience, security, effectiveness, promotions, features, and payment options all have a positive and significant impact on interest in Shopeepay, according to the findings of this study.  

21st-century learning is directed at the optimal use of technology and information. Optimal use of information technology is intended to improve student's critical thinking skills and work readiness. However, in reality, using learning media for accounting students is not optimal so learning feels boring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using digital comics based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and work readiness of accounting students. This study used an experimental research method, with a pretest-posttest control group design. Based on the results of the study, showed that the use of digital comic media based on PBL was effective in improving students' work readiness and critical thinking skills.

This study aims to examine the effect of MVA, BEP and ROI on stock returns with CSR as a moderating variable in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population used in this study were food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2023. The sample selection used purposive sampling. Based on purposive sampling, 39 data were obtained from 13 samples that met the criteria with data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS (statistical product and service solutions) tools. The results of this study indicate that MVA has no effect on stock returns, BEP and ROI has an effect on stock returns, CSR is able to moderate MVA and BEP on stock returns, CSR does not moderate ROI on stock returns.    

This research aims to examine the influence of profitability, investment decisions, debt policy, and market value added on company value in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The population used in this research is food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the 2021-2023 period. Sample selection used purposive sampling, based on the purposive sampling method, 39 data were obtained from 13 samples that met the criteria with data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) tools. The research results show that profitability, investment decisions, debt policy, and market value added have a positive and significant effect on company value.  

This research aims to examine the influence of tax sanctions, tax knowledge, and transparency of financial reports on taxpayer compliance in women's cooperatives. This research is quantitative in type. The population in this study was the Mojosari District women's cooperative for the 2019-2023 period, totaling 20. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling method so that 14 respondents were obtained. This research uses primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires via Google form with a measuring tool in the form of a Likert scale. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics with the SmartPLS data testing tool using outer model and inner model measurement models. The research results show that tax sanctions, tax knowledge have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, while financial report transparency has no effect on taxpayer compliance.    

Employees who have high skill-upgrading and self-leadership will have self-confidence in their abilities. Skill-upgrading and self-leadership make employees able to organize themselves, focus on the goals they want to achieve, and have the nature of never giving up in solving problems so that it will have an impact on the resulting employee performance. The aim of writing this article is to review and synthesize existing literature related to employee performance so that it can contribute to the understanding of skill-upgrading and self-leadership which have an impact on employee performance. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis methods using inductive thinking patterns. Employee performance is developed properly and correctly if supported by strong skill-upgrading and self-leadership. Skill-upgrading is a way for employees to improve their quality with qualified skills, while self-leadership motivates employees to be able to lead themselves and use their creativity in carrying out a task. Skill upgrading can be done through training specifically to improve technical skills, specific expertise and knowledge that employees need in their work. Self-leadership abilities can be developed by yourself by managing time, setting goals, improving your abilities, being consistent in your activities, and doing self-reflection.

The policy of ownership of the right to the flats is an important aspect in the arrangement of vertical housing in Indonesia, especially in dense urban areas such as Kampung Utama Batam City. The background of this research focuses on the complexity of ownership dualism between individual property rights over units and collective rights to common parts, common objects, and common land. Conflicts of interest and management problems often arise, hindering the optimal implementation of policies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of government policies on ownership of rights to apartment units in Kampung Utama Batam City, identify existing obstacles, and provide recommendations for improvement. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with case studies. Data was collected through analysis of legal documents, interviews with stakeholders, and field observations. The analysis was carried out using positive legal theory from John Austin to understand the existing legal framework, legal system theory from Lawrence M. Friedman to evaluate the interaction between legal structure, substance, and culture, and legal certainty theory from Sudikno Mertokusumo to assess the clarity and predictability of applicable laws. The results of the study show that although the policy has been well drafted in Law No. 20 of 2011 concerning Flats, its implementation in the field still faces various obstacles. Dualism of ownership, unclear certificate status, complex administrative procedures, and lack of legal socialization are some of the main problems found. Strengthening the role of the Flats Owners and Occupants Association (P3SRS), the use of digital technology for administrative procedures, and increased supervision and law enforcement were identified as solutions to overcome these obstacles. The suggestions provided include increased coordination between related agencies, active community participation in the management of flats, and simplification of administrative procedures by the government. More effective implementation is expected to provide better legal certainty and create a harmonious residential environment in Kampung Utama Batam City.