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The Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach effectively enhances meaningful and relevant biology learning while fostering critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. By aligning with sustainable education principles, CTL supports the achievement of SDGs and equips students to address global challenges. It is recommended that educators receive training to design CTL-based strategies, integrate local and global themes, and explore its application across diverse educational contexts and models.

This study was motivated by the discovery that some students of SMPN 1 Batang Kapas, especially students of class VIII, were less active in participating in PAI learning when teachers or tutors provided learning materials because the teacher focused on only one strategy, which caused students to get bored about learning easily. In this, a good strategy is needed to overcome this problem, and the strategy that is considered capable of overcoming this problem is the role-playing strategy. Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of role-playing strategies on the active learning of PAI for students of class VIII of SMPN 1 Batang Kapas. The research used in this study is experimental research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study consisted of all students of class VIII of SMPN 1 Batang Kapas, consisting of 4 classes with a total of 116 students. The sample in this study used a cluster random sampling technique and two classes were obtained as samples, with class VIII.I as the control class and class VIII.II as the experimental class. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the independent sample t-test. Based on the results of the conducted research, the results show that the role-playing strategy has an effect on students' active learning, which is proven by the results of the independent sample t-test, namely at a sig-value of 0.002. < 0.05 and a calculated t-value > t-table, namely 3.213 > 2.00

subject.Critical thinking skills of students in PAK subject. Discussion method is a method that teachers use with students to carry out a learning process through how teachers and students or students with each other exchange ideas. Through how teachers and students or students with each other exchange opinions and have their own arguments to achieve learning goals. Opinions and have their own arguments to achieve the specified learning objectives. That have been determined. This discussion method is also very instrumental to the students, where students can develop students' critical thinking skills. The students. This research uses a qualitative approach with method (library research). Study literature study is a method used to collect data that is in accordance with what will be researched through a collection of journals, apparatus, books, or other publications that can be used as a source of research, by describing and describing the data. Research, by describing and describing data based on the opinions of experts. Experts' opinions. Research with this library study will summarize information needed so that the problem or topic presented can be understood comprehensively. Presented can be understood comprehensively about the role of the discussion method in developing students' critical thinking skills in PAK subjects. The benefits of The benefit of this research is to add insight to the readers regarding the the importance of the role of discussion methods in developing students' critical thinking skills in students in PAK subject.

The problem behind this research is the decline in motivation in studying Arabic among PBA students in 2021 UINSU. The purpose of this research is to find out what factors are behind demotivation in studying Arabic among PBA 2 students of Stambuk 2021 UINSU. This research hopes to perfect previous studies and so that educators can develop strategies in reviving the motivation of Arabic language learners. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data collection technique is by conducting observations and interviews with PBA 2 students of 2021 UINSU. The data collected were then analyzed and grouped based on the similarity of the informants' answer patterns. The results of this study indicate that the factors behind student demotivation in studying Arabic are; First. The burden of the Academy. Second; Learning Methods. Third; Arabic language complexity. Fourth; Not having a language environment. Fifth. Teacher's personality. Sixth. Economic Factors.    

This study investigates the use of science-based experimental methods to enhance creativity in early childhood at RA Roihanul Jannah. The research involved 31 students actively engaging in science learning through experiments. A qualitative approach was adopted, focusing on Group B teachers and the principal as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from July to August 2024. The findings indicate that the experimental method effectively promotes scientific understanding, curiosity, and problem-solving skills among children. It also enhances fine and gross motor skills through hands-on activities. However, challenges include the need for specific materials and time constraints. The study concludes that incorporating experimental methods in early childhood education significantly fosters creativity and engagement in science.

A collection of shoes that are not neatly arranged often makes you lazy to tidy up and clean them, whereas the condition of scattered shoes can spoil the view and reduce the durability and functionality of the shoes themselves. On the other hand, plastic waste, especially plastic bottles, is increasing and becoming a serious problem for the environment. In an effort to reduce the impact of pollution and utilize unused items, this study proposes a solution in the form of making a shoe rack from used plastic bottle waste. The use of plastic bottles not only reduces the amount of waste but also provides a practical solution for more organized shoe storage, especially for students who need efficient and environmentally friendly shoe storage space. The method used in this study is (R&D), which aims to develop a shoe rack product and test its effectiveness and feasibility. The test results show that this shoe rack can accommodate 12 pairs of shoes with a maximum strength of 5.5 kg per rack consisting of three levels. The use of 69 plastic bottles for the base and 24 bottles for the walls provides a large enough capacity to store shoes. Based on the test results, this shoe rack not only functions as a place to store shoes, but also as an effort to reduce plastic waste and support environmental sustainability. This product can also be used as an example in learning product design, recycling, and entrepreneurship.

Increasing student learning activity needs to use a learning model. In a lesson there are methods that are used systematically which become a unified procedure in the delivery of learning material so that the learning objectives are achieved. This study aims to determine the application of science process skills in science subjects to the activeness of students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This descriptive research method is used because it relates to the topics and problems that will be discussed, namely the application of science process skills in science subjects to the activeness of students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan. The learning activity of VII B students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan was based on the results of the supervision of the school principal when the teacher taught classes using conventional methods, not all students had active learning during the learning process. Researchers apply learning with science process skills. The results showed that the application of process skills to class VII B students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan experienced an increase from the low category to the medium category    

This research is based on the fact that feelings of anxiety, sadness, low self-esteem, anger, and doubt are all factors that greatly influence the effectiveness of students' Arabic learning. Apart from that, students' behavior is also greatly influenced by their mood; some students have problems outside of school, such as in the family and community, so they are not motivated to study and learn more. The aim of this research is to determine how much influence mental health has on how well students learn Arabic. The research instrument was tested on 25 students, so the author took a sample of 100% of the population so that the sample size was 25 students. The research results showed that the correlation test obtained was 0.748 with a significance of 0.000. This means that there is a positive correlation between mental health and student learning effectiveness with a good relationship level because P < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T test (Hypothesis) T count is 15,465 while the T table is 2,069, meaning 15,466 > 2,069, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of mental health on the effectiveness of students' Arabic learning.    

Physical education is a very important subject in school, because physical education learning has the concept of developing psychomotor, cognitive and affective aspects. Physical education has a learning process that prioritizes basic movements rather than basic techniques, but good and correct mastery of basic movements can make it easier for students to master basic techniques. The problem in this research is whether the implementation of an inclusive teaching style has an influence on the basic movement skills of the top serve in volleyball in class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano. This research aims to find out how much influence the inclusive teaching style has on basic movement skills in volleyball serves in class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano. The research method used is an experimental research method. The population in this study was all students in class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano, totaling 212 students. The SMAple in this study was 20 people taken at random and then divided into 2 groups, namely the experimental group, which consisted of 10 students, and the control group, which consisted of 10 students. This group division was carried out using the Simple Random Sampling Technique. The research instrument used was "Basic movement test on top serves in volleyball". Based on hypothesis testing using t test statistics, this research can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of an inclusive teaching style on basic movement skills in the top serve in the volleyball game of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano.

The results of observations in the field show that Class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai do not master the technique of dribbling with the inside of the foot when playing soccer. One of the other problems found is that the learning method used to teach players to dribble with the inside foot in soccer games is still conventional. There is no known learning method that can improve dribbling skills with the inside foot in soccer games or whether students have the ability to dribble with the inside foot in soccer games. This research uses an experimental method. This study involved 30 male students from Class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai. Furthermore, the sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, each of which had 15 people. The instrument used is a test of dribbling skills with the inside foot in soccer games. The data analysis technique used is the t-test statistical analysis technique, before the t-test is carried out, it first begins with testing the analysis requirements, namely the data normality test and the variance homogeneity test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t test statistic, the results of this study can be concluded that there is an effect of the application of the practice style on the ability to dribble using the inside foot in the soccer game of SMP Negeri 2 Kumelembuai students.

The implementation of Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) in the Independent Curriculum is one of the important problems faced by educational institutions, including madrasas, in efforts to improve the quality of education. KKM is the minimum standard score that must be achieved by students to be declared complete in a subject. In the context of the Independent Curriculum which emphasizes learning based on the potential and uniqueness of students, the implementation of KKM faces several challenges, such as difficulties in more flexible assessments, differences in student ability levels, and limited resources available in madrasas. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by madrasas in implementing KKM and find solutions that can be applied to overcome these problems. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges include a lack of understanding of the implementation of KKM in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, as well as difficulties in compiling fair and appropriate assessments. Several proposed solutions include training for educators, developing a more inclusive assessment system, and increasing cooperation between madrasas and other educational institutions. With the implementation of these solutions, it is hoped that KKM can be implemented more effectively, so that it can support the success of the Independent Curriculum in madrasas.

The purpose of conducting research on the implementation of the PAK independent curriculum is to find out the problems in its implementation, teachers are the main implementers of this curriculum in the field. By understanding their perspectives and experiences, we can find the problems they face and what is needed for the successful implementation of the curriculum. The research method used is to use a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely looking for sources that are considered relevant to be used as sources for writing. Based on the results obtained, there are several difficulties or problems in its implementation, for example one of them is the reduction in human resources in this case, namely educators, and other things. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum focuses on important material, is flexible for teachers and students, and is project and character-based. By increasing teacher understanding, increasing resources, increasing parental participation, and developing a more contextual curriculum, it is hoped that the quality of religious education can be improved.

The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes individual freedom to learn according to their potential. Thus, teachers face the challenge of providing instruction that suits students' varying abilities. In addition, many students face difficulties in multiplication and division when studying mathematics. So, the aim of this research is to find out whether student learning outcomes are better by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in learning Indonesian in one grade. Learning Indonesian in first grade often faces problems in improving students' skills. Consequently, the aim of this research is to apply the PBL learning model and learning approach at the appropriate level (TaRL) at SDN Pakis V Surabaya. The aim of this research is to explain the use of TaRL in Indonesian language learning in grade 1 using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that efforts to improve student learning outcomes are through the use of TaRL in a process that includes classifying learning needs, learning design, implementation, and student reflection and evaluation.

The purpose of conducting research on the implementation of the PAK independent curriculum is to find out the problems in its implementation, teachers are the main implementers of this curriculum in the field. By understanding their perspectives and experiences, we can find the problems they face and what is needed for the successful implementation of the curriculum. The research method used is to use a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely looking for sources that are considered relevant to be used as sources for writing. Based on the results obtained, there are several difficulties or problems in its implementation, for example one of them is the reduction in human resources in this case, namely educators, and other things. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum focuses on important material, is flexible for teachers and students, and is project and character-based. By increasing teacher understanding, increasing resources, increasing parental participation, and developing a more contextual curriculum, it is hoped that the quality of religious education can be improved.

To increase efficiency, productivity and wider access to information in teaching and learning activities, the use of technology in the learning process is currently a top priority. However, problems arise when schools lack sufficient technological devices to support technology-based learning. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in creating appropriate and useful learning media. The use of video-based learning media combined with a digital story approach is an alternative to overcome this problem. The question now is whether this learning method is successful in increasing students' interest and knowledge of arts and culture? What learning methods are used to teach using story-based digital media? This research was conducted at MTS Misbahul Khair. Data was collected through questionnaires and observations. The study results show: 1) Digital video-based learning design has been used well. 2) The questionnaire shows that this media is effective; 80% of students say that video-based digital stories increase their interest, focus and understanding. However, there are several obstacles, such as limited specifications for students' digital devices and the need for quite large storage space and internet quota.

Bullying at school is a social problem that has a serious impact, both physically and mentally on students. At MTsN 1 Bekasi City, efforts have been made to prevent bullying through various anti-bullying educational programs, such as introducing the types of bullying, managing emotions, and career preparation. However, innovation is still needed to make anti-bullying educational programs more attractive to students. One potential innovation is the development of interactive educational video-based learning media to increase students' understanding of bullying and encourage student’s active participation in creating a safe and comfortable school environment. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which includes five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. In the analysis stage, information is collected through field studies and literature studies to identify student’s needs. Next, at the design stage, media design is carried out to facilitate the production of learning media.  The development stage is carried out by realizing the designs that have been designed into interactive video products. The final stage is evaluation, where the media is validated by three material experts and three media experts to assess the suitability of the product. The results of the study indicate that the developed interactive video is highly feasible for use based on validation from experts. The assessment by the media expert resulted in an Aiken index value of 0.8, which falls into the high validity category, while the assessment by the content expert resulted in an Aiken index value of 0.9, which falls into the high validity category.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of cognitive, social, and moral development of children aged 4–13 years and identify the challenges faced during their development process. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, data were obtained from various relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that cognitive development involves logical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are influenced by social and environmental interactions. Social development is influenced by parenting patterns, peer relationships, and media exposure, while moral development involves understanding the values ​​of right and wrong supported by the school and community environment. Children face various challenges, such as difficulties in emotional regulation, the negative impact of social media, and limited learning abilities. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between parents, educators, and the community to create an environment that supports children's holistic growth.

The problem behind this research is that the language skills of children aged 5-6 years in Class B of the tulip group at RA Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah Padang Panjang have not developed, such as children who have not been able to compose simple sentences in a complete structure, children have not been able to understand the rules in a game. Based on this, researchers try to apply spin board media in the hope that it can improve children's language skills well. This study aims to improve the language skills of children aged 5-6 years through spin board media. Spin board as an interactive learning media, designed to facilitate the development of children's language skills through fun and educational games. The study used a classroom action research method with a sample of 12 children in class B of the Tulip group of RA Rahmah El-yunusiyyah Padang Panjang. Data was collected through observation, documentation and research. The results of this study indicate that the improvement of children's language skills through spin board media has increased. This can be seen from before taking action, where from pre-research the number of scores achieved by children is only 26%. Then the researchers took action for 2 cycles, where in each cycle there were 3 meetings. The first meeting in cycle I the score obtained by the child through the spin board media was 27%, then at the second meeting of cycle I increased to 30% and at the third meeting in cycle I the score achieved by the child through the spin board media was 48%. This shows that every meeting the scores achieved by children always increase, but have not met the ideal score standard of 72%. Therefore, researchers continued to cycle II. The score at the first meeting in cycle II was 50% then experienced an increase in the second meeting of 55% and continued the third meeting of cycle II experienced an increase in children's learning process using spin board media of 80%. From each cycle carried out, it can be concluded that this research was successful.

Teachers' skills in opening and closing lessons have an important role in creating an effective and conducive learning atmosphere, especially in supporting the development of children's creativity. Opening the lesson in an interesting way can arouse students' curiosity, motivate them, and prepare their minds to receive the material being taught. Meanwhile, closing lessons creatively provides opportunities for students to reflect on learning, strengthen understanding, and develop innovative new ideas. Teachers can use various strategies in both stages, such as the use of interactive media, exploration-based activities, and reflective approaches. Opening lessons that are relevant and contextual helps create a closer connection between students and the learning material. In addition, creative closure encourages children to think critically, analyze information, and produce creative solutions to various problems. Thus, the skills of opening and closing a lesson serve not only as a technical element in teaching, but also as a way to develop students' overall creative potential. Teachers who are skilled in this aspect are able to create interesting, interactive and meaningful learning experiences, thus supporting the development of children's creativity to face future challenges.

Identifying key principles in Jesus' teaching method that are relevant to the concept of active learning. Analyzing how these principles can be integrated into the practice of Christian character education for students. Exploring the potential impact of implementing an active learning model based on Jesus' example on the formation of Christian character in students. This study adopted a qualitative approach with a literature study design and narrative analysis. This method was chosen because of its ability to explore in depth abstract concepts and analyze narrative texts that are at the heart of Jesus' teaching. google scholer, especially the narrative of Jesus' teaching in the Gospels. Secondary data sources include academic literature on character education, active learning, and studies on Jesus' teaching method. Active learning is a way or strategy of learning that allows students to interact, solve problems, to learn naturally. The Active Learning Approach is a teaching strategy that encourages students to interact, solve problems, and achieve realization naturally. Active learning, often known as active learning, is a type of education in which students engage students who are active in the learning process. Actively participate in the learning process. This study shows that Jesus' teaching method offers an active learning model that is very relevant and effective for building Christian character. Key principles such as the use of imagery, reflective inquiry, direct experience, and contextualization can be effectively integrated into contemporary Christian character education practices.