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Advances in technology and research in the field of pharmacy have driven innovation in drug formulation and administration methods to improve the effectiveness and safety of therapy. One of the most widely developed dosage forms is suspension injections, which are sterile preparations containing particles of active ingredients that are insoluble in the carrier fluid. This study aims to review the effects of various administration routes, such as intra-articular, intramuscular, and subcutaneous, on the efficacy and safety of suspension injections. The method used is a literature study analyzing various scientific journals from databases published in the last ten years. The results of the review show that the route of administration has a significant effect on the therapeutic effect, where the intra-articular route provides a strong local effect with low systemic risk, the intramuscular route produces long-term effects and is relatively easy to perform, while the subcutaneous route provides stable drug release over a long period of time. Overall, the choice of injection route for suspension injections should be tailored to the characteristics of the drug, the patient's condition, and the therapeutic goals to achieve optimal, safe, and comfortable treatment outcomes for the patient.

Adolescents are a vulnerable group to digital sexual violence, including sextortion, which involves sexual extortion through threats to distribute sexually explicit content. Low levels of self-control may increase adolescents’ vulnerability to such risks. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of psychoeducation in enhancing self-control understanding as a preventive effort against sextortion among adolescents. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed. The participants consisted of 36 students aged 15–17 years from a public senior high school in Samarinda. The psychoeducational intervention was delivered through interactive lectures, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and educational video screenings. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results of the analysis showed a statistically significant difference (Z = −2.201; p = 0.028 (p < 0.05)). This indicates that there was a difference in adolescents’ self-control before and after the psychoeducation intervention. The post-test mean score (M = 8.39) was higher than the pre-test mean score (M = 8.00). These findings suggest that psychoeducation was effective in improving adolescents’ understanding of self-control as a preventive effort against sextortion. Self-control psychoeducation can therefore be considered a relevant preventive approach to be implemented in school settings.

Loss and grief are psychological experiences that significantly affect an individual’s mental state. This process involves various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes that can affect a person’s well-being in the long term. This study aims to describe the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral affects that arise in individuals after experiencing loss, as well as the factors that strengthen or weaken their responses to the grieving process. The method used in this study is qualitative, with a literature review approach from various relevant clinical psychology and mental health studies. The results indicate that individuals who experience loss are vulnerable to increased emotional stress, anxiety, depression, and significant declines in social functioning. Furthermore, this article highlights that the quality of social support received, the way individuals make meaning of the loss, and the coping mechanisms they choose play a crucial role in determining the level of grief response. These factors can either accelerate or delay the healing process. An unresolved grieving process or one that is handled in an unhealthy manner can develop into more serious psychological disorders, such as Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). PGD is a condition characterized by difficulty in accepting the loss, which can persist for months or even years. This article emphasizes that loss is not merely an emotional disturbance but also a complex psychological process. This process requires a deep understanding, strong social support, and appropriate interventions to maintain an individual’s mental health and help them recover more effectively.

Academic productivity is a vital indicator of student success in higher education, but it is often hampered by the complexity of tasks, transitions in the learning environment, and digital distractions that trigger procrastination. This phenomenon demands a high degree of adaptability so that students do not become trapped in physical and mental exhaustion due to unmanaged workloads. Therefore, this study aims to analyze in depth the causal relationship between time management skills and academic productivity, as well as investigate their role in mitigating academic stress levels in students. The research method applied is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The research data was sourced from secondary data in the form of 21 reputable scientific articles (national and international journals) published between 2020 and 2025. The data analysis process was carried out through the stages of data reduction, synthesis of findings, and narrative conclusion drawing to systematically map the relationship between variables. The results and discussion of the study show that time management has a significant positive correlation with improved learning achievement. Specific indicators such as daily schedule planning, priority setting, and self-regulation have been empirically proven to increase task completion efficiency and Grade Point Average (GPA) achievement. Conversely, poor time management was identified as a major predictor of cognitive overload and exhaustion, especially among students with dense curricula such as engineering majors. This study concludes that mastery of time management is not merely a scheduling tool, but a fundamental cognitive strategy that functions as a coping mechanism to maintain mental health and achieve an optimal study-life balance.

The obligation to consume halal food is a fundamental right of Muslim consumers, guaranteed by Islamic principles and Indonesian positive law. However, in practice, many food business operators still distribute products that have not obtained halal certification, resulting in legal uncertainty and potential material and immaterial losses for Muslim consumers. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to Muslim consumers regarding food products that are not halal-certified and to examine the responsibility of business actors as well as the role of the government in ensuring halal food compliance in Indonesia, using Sushi Go Restaurant as a case study. This research applies a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach, supported by library research of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that legal protection for Muslim consumers has been comprehensively regulated through Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance. Nevertheless, the implementation of these regulations remains inadequate, particularly in terms of supervision and law enforcement against non-compliant business actors. The absence of halal certification and insufficient disclosure of halal information at Sushi Go Restaurant potentially violates Muslim consumers’ rights to legal certainty and accurate information. Therefore, stronger regulatory enforcement, improved supervision, and increased awareness among business actors and consumers are essential to ensure effective legal protection for Muslim consumers.

This study examines curriculum strategies implemented in five countries Singapore, Finland, Japan, Indonesia, and the United States using a library research approach. The main objective of this research is to analyze similarities, differences, challenges, and strategic orientations in curriculum development across diverse national education systems. Data were collected from scholarly journal articles, government policy documents, and international education reports published by reputable institutions. The analysis indicates that each country adopts distinct curriculum strategies influenced by its socio-cultural context, governance structure, policy priorities, and long-term educational goals. Singapore emphasizes competency-based learning aligned with economic needs, Finland prioritizes flexibility and teacher autonomy, Japan focuses on character education and cultural values, Indonesia continues to adapt its curriculum to improve relevance and equity, while the United States highlights standards-based accountability and innovation. Despite these differences, common patterns emerge, particularly in the emphasis on competency development, integration of 21st-century skills, teacher quality improvement, and curriculum adaptability to global challenges such as digitalization and workforce transformation. The findings suggest that effective curriculum development requires a balance between global educational trends and local contextual needs. This study contributes to comparative education discourse by providing insights that may inform policymakers and educators in designing responsive and sustainable curriculum strategies.

Referring to Abdul Chaer’s semantic theory, this study aims to explain the denotative and connotative meanings contained in the lyrics of the song “Sorai” by Nadin Amizah. This study applies a qualitative descriptive method and uses content analysis techniques to identify words, phrases, and sentences in the lyrics that contain denotative and connotative meanings. The findings of this study indicate that the connotative meaning is more dominant and is manifested through the use of natural symbols and emotional expressions that represent human relationships, the process of healing inner wounds, sincerity, and acceptance of true love. This study found that the lyrics of the song “Sorai” not only function as a way to convey messages literally, but also as a way to express deep feelings. Therefore, by using Abdul Chaer’s theory, song lyrics can reveal layers of meaning and demonstrate the power of language as an emotional and aesthetic medium in musical works.  

Emotion is a natural aspect of human life, including that of individuals with Cerebral Palsy or CP. Generally, emotion can be triggered by situational factors and expressed through language, particularly through prosody. However, studies that explicitly link emotion, CP, and prosody remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the types of emotions experienced by Mike, a character with CP in theTriumph movie, as well as their prosodic performances. The research data consisted of Mike’s utterances and facial expressions, which were analyzed qualitatively using observation and documentation methods, along with note-taking and triangulation technique. The theories used were psycholinguistic, affective priming, and prosodic, that was also supported by Praat software. The findings showed that the emotions expressed by Mike included happiness (the most dominant), sadness, anger, surprise (the least frequent), and fear, which were triggered by social support or rejection from people around him. From a prosodic perspective, intonation and loudness exhibited contrasting patterns, resulting in varying degrees of word stress. Happiness was characterized by a pitch of 155.31 Hz and an intensity of 58.78 dB, sadness by a lower pitch of 148.54 Hz and the lowest intensity at 53.89 dB, anger by the highest pitch at 280.7 Hz and the strongest intensity at 62.47 dB, surprise by a pitch of 196.3 Hz and an intensity of 56.38 dB, and fear by a pitch of 161.03 Hz with an intensity of 57.97 dB.In sum, the results indicated a strong interrelationship between emotion and prosody in Mike’s speech.

Islamic education in the digital era faces significant challenges in improving the quality of learning and developing students' critical thinking skills. One promising solution is the implementation of deep learning-based Islamic education, which can facilitate the teaching of religious material more effectively and easily accessible via the internet. Deep learning has the potential to strengthen students' critical thinking skills and understanding of Islamic values ​​in a more interactive and personalized manner. This study used a literature review method to analyze various relevant literature sources. The results indicate that deep learning can increase student engagement, enable personalized learning, and provide real-time evaluation of learning progress. However, the implementation of this technology also faces challenges, particularly related to the availability and quality of relevant data. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve data quality and develop learning models tailored to student needs to achieve optimal results in technology-based Islamic education.

Social media has become a double-edged sword; acting as a space for religious learning while simultaneously serving as a medium for spreading radicalism. As digital natives, students are vulnerable to extremist narratives if not equipped with adequate cognitive immunity. This study aims to examine the influence of Digital Religious Literacy and Critical Thinking skills on the resilience of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students in countering radical narratives. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational method, this study involved 30 PAI students selected through random sampling. Data collection instruments used a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) The level of digital religious literacy and counter-radicalism attitudes of students were in the "very high" category with mean scores of 22.40 and 23.00 respectively; (2) There is a significant positive relationship (Sig. < 0.05) between digital literacy and critical thinking towards the attitude of countering radicalism; and (3) Simultaneously, these two variables contributed 68.2% in forming students' mental resilience in the digital space. These findings imply the need for a reorientation of the PAI curriculum that integrates the strengthening of critical reasoning and digital literacy as a fortress of religious moderation.

This study aims to analyze the role of spiritual leadership of the kiai in strengthening the organizational resilience of Al-Asy’ary Islamic Boarding School in the era of Society 5.0. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the kiai, teachers, and students, as well as observation and supporting documentation. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the kiai’s spiritual leadership is a key determinant of pesantren resilience through the integration of transcendental, ethical-humanistic, and adaptive-progressive dimensions. The kiai successfully guides the selective and meaningful use of digital technology by positioning it as a means of service (khadam), rather than an end in itself. Leadership practices based on role modeling, moral values, and spiritual reinforcement foster students’ moral autonomy and create a stable organizational climate amid digital disruption. This study concludes that the resilience of traditional pesantren in the Society 5.0 era lies in the strength of spiritual values sustained through adaptive and continuous spiritual leadership.

Syiir is a series of beautiful and refined words composed through linguistic strength and rich imaginative expression. In the context of Islamic da’wah, syiir has long been used as one of the media or approaches by preachers (da’i) to convey religious messages to the community in a persuasive manner that touches emotional aspects. Explicitly, syiir has the ability to stimulate feelings, develop inner awareness, and instill moral and spiritual values, as reflected in various narratives and practices of earlier religious figures. This study, using an integrative–interconnective approach, aims to examine Madurese syiir composed by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi and broadcast through the amateur radio medium YG3AMP, with a focus on the level of community understanding and the resulting social impacts. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the Madurese syiir by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi provides a good level of understanding for the community and generates various positive social impacts. One of the most significant impacts is the transformation of community behavior, reflected in changes from unfavorable attitudes to better ones, and from good behavior to even better conduct in daily life.

Misconceptions are understandings that do not conform to scientifically accepted concepts, but are believed to be true by students. Misconceptions in elementary school students tend to be resistant and difficult to change if not identified early. This study aims to analyze the misconceptions of sixth grade elementary school students on the material of the human movement system. This material is often considered complex because it involves the relationship between bones, joints, muscles, and the health of the movement system. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey design. The research subjects consisted of 19 sixth grade students of SD Negeri Growong Kidul 02 who were selected through a total sampling technique. The research instrument was 10 diagnostic test items in a four-tier format (four levels) which included the level of answer, answer confidence, reasons, and reason confidence. The results showed that students' conceptual understanding was divided into three main categories: Concept Understanding (PK) of 48.42%, Misconception (M) of 50.53%, and Lack of Understanding (KP) of 1.05%. These findings indicate that misconceptions outweigh students' conceptual understanding, particularly regarding the mechanisms of antagonistic and synergistic muscles, the function and types of joints, and the relationship between nutrition and bone health. The use of a four-tier diagnostic test proved effective in accurately distinguishing students with a true understanding from those with misconceptions. This study concludes the need for innovative learning strategies and the use of concrete media to minimize misconceptions so that students have a strong foundation of scientific knowledge for the next level of education.

Thaharah represents a core principle within Islamic teachings, encompasses both bodily cleanliness and spiritual sanctity, and functions as an essential requirement for the proper observance of acts of worship, including prayer, tawaf, and the recitation of the Qur’an. This concept extends beyond ritual practice, reflecting a manifestation of faith that encourages Muslims to maintain personal hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and spiritual closeness to Allah SWT. This study aims to explore and critically examine the concept of thaharah in a comprehensive manner, clarify its role within Islamic religious practices, and assess its relevance in fostering clean lifestyle behaviors and appropriate worship practices in accordance with Islamic legal principles in contemporary society. Conceptually, thaharah is divided into two main forms: purification from ritual impurity (hadas) through ablution (wudu), ritual bathing (ghusl), or dry purification (tayammum), and purification from physical impurities (najis) by cleansing the body, clothing, and surrounding environment. The normative foundation of thaharah is reinforced by textual evidence, including Surah Al-Ma’idah verse 6 and prophetic traditions that emphasize cleanliness as an integral part of faith. Thus, thaharah offers a holistic perspective on cleanliness that integrates both worldly and spiritual dimensions of Muslim life.  

This study examines the management of Kediri Nite Carnival (KNC), an annual event organized by the Kediri City government to commemorate the city's anniversary and showcase local arts, culture, and tourism potential. This research uses qualitative methodology and employs literature analysis, observation, and documentation as case study methods. The Miles and Huberman interactive model is used to analyze the data. The Kediri City Tourism Office has implemented each stage of event management according to Goldblatt's concept: research, design, preparation, coordination, and evaluation. The focus of the research was to determine the objectives and target audience; the design highlighted the local cultural theme “Exotic Flower in Paradise”; planning included budget planning, scheduling, and promotional strategies through social media and collaboration with local media; coordination was carried out through task distribution and cross-team communication; and evaluation assessed the success of the event based on community feedback and its effects on tourism and the local economy. The research results show that KNC plays an important role in improving the public's perception of Kediri City as a creative and cultured city. However, efforts to increase the number of tourist visits in the long term still need to be made. It is hoped that these findings will help the local government develop a sustainable tourism communication plan.

The management of the Qur'an memorization program at Al Iman Quran Science Junior High School by school administrators is covered in this paper. One of the school's main initiatives is the Qur'an memorization program, which aims to develop students' character via memorization and study of the Qur'an while also raising educational standards. This study employs a descriptive method in conjunction with a qualitative approach. The principal and Tahfidz instructors who are actively involved in the program's execution make up the research subjects. Interviews, observations, and documentation were used to gather data. According to research findings, school leadership plays a significant role in teacher development by offering training to enhance teacher competency and working to promote collaboration with parents of children. Four Qur'anic teacher support each class while the memorization method is implemented in an organized and disciplined manner. For students in the first and second grades, audio and the Hijaz Wafa-style Qur'anic reading method are employed as educational resources. Regular memorizing competitions organized by the school and the education administration each year are supporting aspects for this program. Meanwhile, differences in kids' remembering skills and parents' lack of interest in and support for their children's at-home learning activities are examples of limiting factors.

The maritime transport sector plays a vital role in international logistics, including the transport of special cargo such as live cattle, which requires specific administrative and operational handling. PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch, as a ship agency company, is responsible for ensuring the smooth flow of ship services from arrival to departure at the Port of Belawan. This study aims to analyze the flow of agency management for special cattle cargo on the vessel MV Gloucester Express and to identify the coordination efforts carried out with relevant agencies to ensure service efficiency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collected through field observations and literature studies. The results show that the agency flow involves three main stages: pre-arrival, arrival, and departure, with a focus on strict animal health documentation and coordination with the Quarantine Office. The study concludes that while the process generally runs well, administrative precision and real-time communication with the authorities are critical factors in preventing delays in unloading live cattle.

This study aims to analyze in-depth the process of handling special livestock cargo agency for cattle on the MV Gloucester Express ship, as well as to identify the efforts and coordination carried out with relevant agencies to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of services while the ship is in the unloading port. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through field research with participatory observation techniques during the fieldwork period at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara, supported by library research to strengthen the theoretical foundation regarding ship agency management and special cargo regulations. The research findings show that the process of handling special livestock cargo agency at PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara is well-structured, involving the preparation of detailed supporting documents, starting from the ship's arrival report to its departure. The efficiency of the service heavily relies on tight coordination with port authorities (KSOP and Animal Quarantine) and compliance with applicable technical policies. However, technical obstacles were found, such as the unpreparedness of cargo documents from the shipper and coordination issues during docking. Improvement efforts are being made through enhanced digital communication and accelerated document validation before the ship's arrival to minimize waiting time at the port.

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

In this era of ongoing digitalization, the use of information technology in records management is becoming increasingly crucial to ensure work efficiency and effectiveness. This study aims to examine the implementation of a dynamic archive storage system in the General Ledger Accounting Division of PT KPN Plantation. Specifically, this study identifies the obstacles encountered and analyzes the efforts made to overcome these challenges. Using a qualitative approach, primary data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies with informants from General Ledger Accounting employees. Data analysis was carried out through a series of processes, including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that although the stages of archive management have been carried out systematically through a combination of physical procedures and digitization using E-Archive, its implementation still faces significant obstacles. The problems identified include managerial aspects such as high transaction volumes that cause document backlogs and space limitations, technical aspects such as the instability of the E-Archive system, and limited human resources with expertise in archiving. Collectively, these obstacles reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of the system, requiring a comprehensive and integrated improvement strategy to achieve reliable and sustainable archive management