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The Indonesian government has made various efforts to overcome this health problem, such as through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which aims to provide more equitable access to health services for the entire population. This study aims to identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. Literature review is an effective method for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the study show that the importance of health policies in Indonesia to improve public health. Through the identification of key health policies, evaluation of their successes, and challenges in their implementation, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies. In conclusion, by identifying key health policies, evaluating their success, and facing challenges in their implementation, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies.      

21st Century Learning is an educational concept that focuses on developing students' skills to achieve success which is influenced by technology, information and globalization. Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions that are able to prepare students to develop the skills needed for 21st century learning. This research uses qualitative methods, namely by searching for data and information whose findings are not obtained through calculations and statistical procedures so that the results are descriptive. Data collection techniques in this research are through observation, interviews, and documentation in the form of written objects such as books, magazines, documents, and so on. The results of this research show that Ma'had Al-Zaytun, which is based on the spirit but modern Islamic boarding school system, instills the skills needed in 21st century learning, including the ability to think critically in dealing with every problem, the ability to think critically, and the ability to think critically. communicate using various languages, the ability to Large Scale Collaboration (KSBB), the ability to produce products (creativity) with the help of computer technology and have a religious character that comes from the Al-Qur'an, the sunnah of Rosul Muhammad SAW, the qualities contained in Asmaul Husna and Asmaun Nabi, as well as the character of nationalism contained in the five foundations of the state (Pancasila), the 1945 Constitution and the national anthem Indonesia Raya 3 Stanza.

For a long time, Word of Mouth (EWOM) has been considered the main source of information that influences consumer decisions. In the era of globalization, EWOM has developed into a broader, albeit more personal, form, known as electronic word of mouth (EWOM). Advances in electronic systems and the emergence of social media platforms, for example Instagram, open up new and promising potential for the evolution of EWOM as an integral part of business advertising/business promotion strategies. When EWOM regarding a product receives a positive response, the impact has a direct impact on the brand image or good brand image. One of the related concepts in the formation of EWOM and brand image on Instagram today is the role of influencers. The aim of this research is to understand the role of social media influencers in shaping positive EWOM and how this impacts improving brand image. Qualitative methods were applied in this research by collecting data through journals, books and articles. The findings from this research show that influencers who have a high level of trust have a very influential role in forming EWOM which provides positive EWOM reviews regarding the products being marketed. This positive opinion from EWOM directly increases the positive value of the brand image in society, which shows that the success of influencers can help audiences understand information about products and increase their desire to make purchases.

This study explores the impact of product and service innovation, operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, human resource management, and digital marketing strategies on the profitability of companies. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, data was collected through surveys and company financial reports and analyzed using statistical techniques, including linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that product and service innovation significantly enhances profitability, emphasizing the importance of continuous innovation. Operational efficiency, measured through lower operational costs, directly correlates with increased profit margins. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship exists between customer satisfaction and profitability, highlighting the importance of customer-centric strategies. Human resource management practices that promote employee satisfaction and productivity are also found to significantly impact profitability. Lastly, the adoption of digital marketing strategies is shown to boost sales volume and market reach, contributing positively to financial performance. These results suggest that companies should adopt a holistic approach to strategy development, integrating innovation, operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, human resource management, and digital marketing to enhance profitability. The study underscores the need for companies to continuously evolve and adapt to market changes to sustain competitive advantage and long-term success.

  A Christian leader is someone whom God has called as a leader. Christian leaders should be people who are called by God and have qualifications that continue to grow in personality and Christ-like character. Christian leadership is a form of leadership that is based on Christian values and teachings, such as love, humility, service, integrity, and justice. In this context, Christian leadership not only aims to achieve organizational or community goals, but also to bring positive impact in the lives of individuals and society through a compassionate and ethical approach. The success of a leadership is due to the cooperation between the leading and the led generations. As a leader, one must know which principles to follow and uphold them in their leadership. A Christian leader should embrace the leadership principles of the successful leaders recorded in the Bible. Here are the principles of Christian leadership today. Secular comes from the Latin word saeculum, which means space and time. Space refers to the worldly sense, while time refers to the present age. Secular life principles are views or values that are not associated with a particular religion or religious belief. These principles often include concepts such as freedom of thought, tolerance, equality and the separation of religion from public affairs. Secular life emphasizes the importance of rationality, science, and individual freedom of decision without religious interference. Secularism is broadly speaking an ideology that states that a state institution or body should stand apart from religion or belief. Secularism also refers to the notion that human activities and determinations, especially political ones, should be based on what is considered to be concrete evidence and facts, and not on religious influences. In political terms, secularism is the movement towards the separation of religion and government, one example being the replacement of religious law with civil law. This is said to promote democracy by protecting the rights of religious minorities.  

The problem of this research is that there is still a lack of student activity in participatory learning as well as interaction and collaboration between students in group learning activities. In this research, Classroom Action Research (PTK) was carried out in three meetings. The subjects of this research were 25 class V students of SDN Antasan Besar 7 Banjarmasin. The measure of research success with learning completeness is that 80% of students achieved a KKM score above 80. The results of this research show that at Meeting I to Meeting III there was an increase in the acquisition of learning activities in the application of the learning model, resulting in the "Very Active" criteria at Meeting I, II and III. At Meetings II and III, learning activities increased to almost all very active. Students' critical thinking skills increased to almost all highly skilled at Meetings II and III. At Meetings II and III, students' collaboration skills increased to Almost All Skilled. Meanwhile, completeness of learning outcomes increased again to 100% at Meeting III. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that educators' activities experienced a very significant increase when implementing the PBL model supported by DNGM using Wordwall media and the Dragon Snake game, as well as student activities, critical thinking skills, collaboration skills, and learning outcomes.      

Communication is a crucial component in the business negotiation process. This study aims to analyze the influence of verbal and nonverbal communication on business negotiation outcomes, focusing on how much both types of communication contribute to negotiation success.This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey design. Data on verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and negotiation outcomes. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to evaluate the effect of the independent variables (verbal and nonverbal communication) on the dependent variable (negotiation outcome).The results of the analysis show that both verbal and nonverbal communication have a significant influence on negotiation outcomes. Verbal communication has a regression coefficient of 0.50 (t = 5.00, p < 0.01), while nonverbal communication has a regression coefficient of 0.40 (t = 3.33, p < 0.01). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.49 indicates that 49% of the variation in negotiation outcomes can be explained by these two variables. The F test yielded an F value of 46.56 (p < 0.01), indicating the overall significance of the model. The regression model used can explain 49% of the variation in negotiation outcomes, suggesting that these two types of communication should be considered to achieve successful negotiations. Other factors not included in this model also contribute to negotiation outcomes and could be the focus of further research.  

Government oversight is very important in ensuring accountability and transparency in public administration, especially in the context of regional autonomy. This research examines the challenges and strategies in improving government oversight mechanisms in the City of Bogor, Indonesia. The main findings highlight the importance of strengthening internal oversight institutions such as Regional Inspectorates through capacity building and the use of technology. Innovations such as digital platforms for public participation and performance evaluation systems have been successfully implemented to increase transparency and efficiency in the delivery of public services. However, its implementation overcomes challenges such as limited resources and varying levels of community participation. This research provides further grants from technological advances and a strong regulatory framework to increase the effectiveness of government oversight and reduce the risk of corruption and irregularities in Bogor City government processes.

Tahfidz or memorization is pronunciation that is done repeatedly and is a teaching that is done for the first time orally or by memorization. By memorizing you need to use methods to make it easy and fun, such as applying the Ummi method. The ummi method is a practical Qur'an reading method that does not require much explanation and is repeated in learning to read the Qur'an. This method uses tones or songs that can make it easier for students to memorize. SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya is one of the schools that implements tahfidz learning using the ummi method and has been implemented for 1 year and progress has been seen. This research focuses on tahfidz learning in class V of SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya. The problems formulated in this research are (1) How is the implementation of the ummi method at SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya 02 (2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the ummi method at SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya 02. This research aims to determine the implementation of the Ummi method in learning tahfidz at SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya 02 as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors. This research uses a type of field research using a qualitative approach. The data sources obtained came from primary data and secondary data. This research uses data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the implementation of the ummi method in learning tahfidz uses tones or songs in each lesson, be it tahsin or tahfidz. Preparations can be made in the form of classrooms, dividing groups to take part in this tahfidz learning with a fun implementation. Its implementation uses several steps, namely Opening, Appreciation, Concept Planting, Concept Understanding, Practice/Skills, Assessment/evaluation, and Closing. The evaluation results of student assessments have increased successfully using this method and many students have achieved the targets set by the school. Supporting factors in implementing the Ummi method are having adequate facilities and creativity for teachers, potential students, and families who support learning conditions. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the different abilities of students, families who do not support them, and the quality of each student's reading. Keywords: Tahfidz Learning, Ummi Method, SDIT Rabbi Radhiyya 02 

Co-working spaces have gained popularity in recent years as a flexible and cost-effective solution for freelancers, startups, and small businesses looking for a collaborative work environment. This article examines the key success factors for a co-working space business model, drawing on insights from industry experts and research studies. By identifying these critical factors, co-working space operators can optimize their business model and enhance their chances of success in a competitive market. The development of the use of co-working space is now increasingly promising. Many of the startup companies and freelancers who use co-working space as a place for daily activities to work. Co-working space also helps to differentiate work and daily activities from these workers. However, the business model of co-working space is relatively vulnerable. This study aims to evaluate the factors that can increase the success of the co-working space business model, considering the importance of co-working space as the development of creativity. This study involved 116 users from two businesses that achieved success in managing the co-working space. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey and structurally analyzed using SmartPLS. The results of the study identified that shared workspace management and supporting co-working space operations played an important role in determining the success of this business model. Membership management has no significant effect. Therefore, the management of co-working space can be focused on these two elements

In the midst of the political and technical dynamics of holding the 2024 simultaneous elections, the role of election observers has become increasingly vital. Election supervision must ensure that the entire process, from campaigning to vote counting and recapitulation, is carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. This not only requires a deep understanding of laws and regulations, but also the ability to detect and address possible violations. The method used in this technical guidance is starting with preparation for the implementation of the technical guidance until implementation by providing various materials related to election supervision which will be carried out by Subdistrict/Village supervisors in 8 (eight) villages in Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency. The implementation of technical guidance has been successful and has been successful in increasing participants' understanding, skills and readiness in carrying out supervisory duties at sub-district/village level in Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency.

Digital transformation in the public transportation sector is part of the national development priority agenda aimed at improving service quality and operational efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of cashless payment-based digital transformation in public transportation policy on the Suroboyo Bus in Surabaya, analyze service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors for implementation, and evaluate the success and shortcomings of the policy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The results show that the implementation of cashless payment on the Suroboyo Bus has been running well since 2018, with four main payment methods: QRIS, e-money cards, plastic waste contributions, and the Child Identity Card (KIA). QRIS has become the dominant payment method with a 48% share in 2025. Service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions shows good results in the aspects of tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness, but still requires improvement in the dimensions of assurance and empathy. Supporting factors for implementation include government commitment, the availability of regulations (Perwali No. 22 of 2023)., adequate infrastructure, and support from digital payment service providers. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy, internet network disruptions, limited economic access, and lack of socialization. The success of the policy is reflected in increased operational efficiency, financial transparency, and a rise in the number of users from 1.2 million (2019). to 3.5 million (2025). Shortcomings of the policy include the digital gap for vulnerable groups, dependence on internet networks, and a decrease in participation in the plastic waste payment program from 25% (2023). to 12% (2025).

The success of the Navy's main tasks is greatly determined by the availability of materials, so it can be said that the Indonesian Navy is an army of heavy materials (heavy materials). Therefore, the materials of the Indonesian Navy are operational tools and equipment that also determine the success of an operation of a warship (KRI). To ensure that these materials are ready for use and maintenance throughout their lifespan, maintenance is necessary. Logistic support, which includes supply support, is an element that also determines the final outcome of each operation carried out. The PUT (Penerima Untuk Terima) procedure for requesting supplies can be easily implemented using an application built with hardware, software, and supporting components. The hardware serves as a crucial component for running software developers and *apk on devices. Software acts as a command in programming languages, executing various commands. The supporting component is physical warehouse data when requesting supplies, which gives software XAMPP commands within the hardware. Therefore, it is necessary to have sufficient supporting software that can be installed on a computer, requiring additional internet costs to open the warehouse management system application. Additionally, it is also necessary to have experts who understand online warehouse systems and job adjustments that were originally performed manually to be computerized. The research results show that the use of a computer-based lesson supply control system with Android technology as the medium for lesson supply requests is quite good and easy to manage in terms of distribution and management of each lesson supply request. With the lesson supply system, timely accuracy during PUT (Penerima Untuk Terima) is beneficial for Subdismatbek, warehouses, and Kadeplog in using lesson supplies. The application still requires constructive suggestions for improvement in the future.  

The purpose of this study is to determine how social media use affects elementary school (SD) curriculum. The study examined how social media affects elementary school students' connections and learning processes using qualitative approaches and case studies in numerous primary schools. The findings demonstrated that social media can both raise students' level of participation in the classroom and help them become aware of focus-detracting factors. In order to successfully control social media use and lessen its negative effects, schools, parents, and students should collaborate, according to the research, which also offers a deeper knowledge of education stakeholders.

This research aims to determine the relationship between student activities and learning outcomes in extracurricular activities for Class V students at SD 2 Karangbener using a sample of 10 students. The data collection techniques used in the research were questionnaires and documentation. The research results show that there is a relationship between student participation in extracurricular activities and academic success. From the test data results, there is a relationship between extracurricular activities and the learning outcomes of class V students at SD 2 Karangbener, with a correlation coefficient of 0.647 and a correlation coefficient of 41.9%.

You really need to pay attention to beginning reading because if basic learning is not strong or solid, it will cause difficulties when reading properly. This article describes the results of using the spelling method in improving beginning reading skills in lower grade students. This research uses qualitative research methods obtained from literature studies. According to several literature and research conducted regarding the use of spelling methods, there has been an increase in students' initial reading abilities, especially in lower grades. The use of the spelling method can be said to be very successful in improving students' initial reading abilities.    

This study explores teacher-student relationships (TSR) and their impact on students' emotional well-being, learning motivation, and academic performance. Through a literature review, this study identified that positive teacher-student relationships, involving empathy, emotional support, and effective communication, play a significant role in creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment. Good emotional connections between teachers and students can reduce emotional distress, increase intrinsic motivation, and promote students' academic success. The results of the analysis showed that TSR contributed to improving emotional well-being, encouraging prosocial behavior, and strengthening students' self-confidence and engagement in learning. The study also highlights the challenges faced in building positive TSR, including less inclusive teaching approaches and differences in student characteristics. As a solution, the study recommends training for teachers in managing emotions and empathy, as well as implementing learning strategies that support active student engagement. By understanding the importance of TSR, it is hoped that educators can create more holistic and inclusive educational policies and practices, which ultimately contribute to better quality education in Indonesia.

This systematic review investigates the significant role of ChatGPT in higher education, with a specific focus on its influence on academic writing. Utilizing insights from 17 peer-reviewed articles published between 2022 and 2024, it evaluates ChatGPT's features, advantages, and challenges in assisting both students and educators. ChatGPT enhances efficiency by automating repetitive tasks such as grammar correction, sentence restructuring, and formatting, allowing students to focus on critical thinking and content refinement. Its ability to enhance language, correct grammar, and maintain structural coherence proves especially valuable for non-native English speakers, fostering greater accessibility and fairness in academic writing. Moreover, ChatGPT fosters creativity through brainstorming support, simplifies technical explanations for diverse academic audiences, and enhances iterative learning by providing real-time feedback on coherence, language, and argumentation. The study underscores the risks of bias in AI-generated content and the possibility of worsening educational disparities due to unequal access to advanced AI technologies. Establishing clear institutional policies and ethical guidelines is essential to address these concerns and ensure responsible AI use. The review concludes that ChatGPT is a powerful tool for improving academic writing and learning in higher education. However, its success relies on a balanced integration of AI's capabilities with sound pedagogical practices to uphold academic integrity and encourage independent critical thinking.

This research aims to improve students' understanding of ordering numbers in mathematics learning in class 1 of SDN 3 Undaan Lor through number balls. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). This research data collection technique uses tests and documentation. The data analysis technique used uses quantitative and qualitative data. The research subjects were all 26 students in class 1 of SD 3 Undaan Lor. The results of the research show that there is an increase in students' understanding of mathematical concepts in ordering numbers using number ball media which has proven to be effective, this is proven by the results of the percentage of data obtained during the pre-cycle, namely 38% in the poor category, increasing to 69% in the good category in the first cycle, then increased to 88% with a very good category in cycle 2. Increasing students' understanding in ordering numbers in mathematics learning in class 1 of SDN 3 Undaan Lor through number balls can increase by fulfilling the predetermined success indicators, namely 85%, so that this research is declared complete.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of differentiated science learning on spring energy material in elementary schools. This qualitative research with a case study design involved one class IV consisting of 28 students (14 males, 14 females) with a distribution of learning styles: 8 visual students (28.57%), 7 auditory students (25%), and 9 kinesthetic students (32.14%). Data collection was carried out through learning observations, in-depth interviews with 6 students representing the three learning styles, and analysis of learning documentation. The results showed that the level of learning implementation reached 90% conformity with the developed teaching module. The achievement of learning outcomes showed consistency, with an average score of 85 for each learning style group. Interviews revealed positive student responses to learning that was fun and made it easier to understand the material. The success of the implementation was supported by thorough teacher preparation and the availability of diverse learning media. However, there were challenges in terms of limited preparation time and the complexity of classroom management. This study proves the effectiveness of differentiated science learning in accommodating the diversity of elementary school students' learning styles.