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Bahasa Indonesia as an official communication tool had grammatical guidelines such as Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan (EYD) V, which was used to regulate the use of letters, punctuation, and word writing. One important aspect of this grammar was the correct use of capital letters. Unfortunately, there were still many errors in applying this rule, both in scientific and non-scientific writing. This study aimed to analyze the capitalization errors in the three winning letters of the Writing a Letter to the Minister of Education and Culture competition published on the Instagram account @kemdikbud.ri. This research used a qualitative method to examine the errors in capitalization in more depth. The results showed that most errors occurred in using capital letters at the beginning of sentences and proper names, and there were also inappropriate capital letters in the middle of sentences. Further education on capitalization was still needed, especially to improve good and correct writing skills according to Indonesian language guidelines.

The importance of seeking knowledge in Islam is emphasized as one of the means to achieve both worldly and eternal happiness. However, in the digital era, seeking knowledge faces new challenges and opportunities. This study examines the Islamic perspective on seeking knowledge in modern life, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and the influence of technology on character development in the digital age. The main challenges include the overwhelming amount of information that may not always be of high quality, as well as the distractions brought by technology that can divert attention from the core purpose of education. On the other hand, the opportunities presented by the digital era include easy access to various knowledge sources through online platforms and more interactive and engaging learning methods. This research also identifies the influence of technology, such as social media and educational apps, in shaping an individual’s character through the dissemination of Islamic values that promote good morals. The findings show that although the challenges in the digital era are considerable, technology can be leveraged to enhance the pursuit of knowledge and ethical education when used wisely. Character development, in line with Islamic teachings, can still be achieved through the wise use of technology in seeking knowledge. This study recommends the integration of technological education and ethical education to shape a generation that is knowledgeable, morally upright, and ready to face the challenges of the modern world.

During pregnancy, a woman must be able to adapt to various physical changes that often occur and can cause uncomfortable conditions, such as back pain which begins to be felt in the second and third trimesters. If this condition is not treated immediately, it can cause anxiety and disruption to the pregnant woman's activities. As a way to reduce complaints of back pain, pregnant women can do prenatal gentle yoga exercises. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. Research method: This research adopted a quantitative design with a Pre-Experimental design, using the One Group Pretest-Posttest method. The sample of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 31 respondents. The sampling method involved Total Sampling and the use of a pain level measuring tool with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test. Research Results: Before carrying out prenatal yoga exercises, the majority of pregnant women felt lower back pain on a mild scale, the number of respondents was 17 (54.8%). After doing prenatal yoga exercises twice in 2 weeks, the majority of pregnant women no longer felt back pain, the number of respondents was 18 pregnant women (58%). The p-value of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test is 0.000.

Dismissal of teachers is an issue in the education system that is related to performance, ethics and organizational needs. This process can occur for certain reasons, such as violations of the code of ethics, inability to meet performance standards, or restructuring of educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the factors that cause teacher dismissal, their impact on educational institutions, and their implications for teachers and students. Apart from that, the legal and ethical aspects that must be fulfilled in the dismissal process are also discussed. With a qualitative approach, this research highlights the importance of fair, transparent and regulatory mechanisms in dealing with teacher dismissals, so as to maintain a balance between institutional needs and the rights of teaching staff. It is hoped that these findings will become a reference for policy makers in creating a professional and sustainable educational environment.  

Indonesia has ethnoculinary diversity, one example of which is satay kuok and makan bedulang with the main side dishes being grilled fish kopiek dak betulang. This research aims to explore the role of traditional culinary delights, especially Sate Kuok and Makan Bedulang with the main side dish of grilled fish kopiek dak betulang, in strengthening the cultural identity of the Kampar community. Using participatory observation methods, this research analyzes the social and cultural values contained in these two dishes. The research results show that Sate Kuok not only functions as food, but also as a symbol of togetherness and social interaction in society. Order codes used in buying and selling transactions reflect local wisdom and strengthen relationships between community members. This research emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional culinary delights as part of cultural identity in the modern era. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide new insights into the relationship between culinary and cultural identity as well as contribute to the preservation of local cultural heritage.

The Society 5.0 era has brought fundamental transformations in the social structure, technology and value system of society. This research aims to explore the axiological dynamics that occur in the midst of the digital revolution, with the main focus on shifts in fundamental values ​​in the context of digital society. Using the literature review method, this study analyzes various academic sources, scientific journals and related publications to understand the complexity of axiological changes in the digital era. The research approach was carried out systematically by reviewing literature from various scientific disciplines, including sociology, philosophy, anthropology, and information technology. The research results show that digital society is experiencing a significant value transformation, including changes in ethical concepts, aesthetics, social logic and traditional norms. Key findings reveal that digital technology is not just a tool, but an agent of transformation that influences the construction of social values. The digitalization process has encouraged the emergence of a new paradigm in understanding human relationships, identity and social interactions. This research offers a critical perspective on the axiological challenges in integrating traditional values ​​with the dynamics of digital society, and embedding them in the formation of social structures in the Society 5.0 era.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of cooperative learning strategies in developing students' collaboration skills in learning in SD/MI based on a literature review. Cooperative learning is considered relevant because learning requires students to work together in groups to find solutions to problems given to them. The method used in this research is a literature study, where researchers collect and analyze various literature sources related to contextual learning and its application in learning. These sources include books, scientific journals, and previous research that supports contextual learning theory and practice. The results of this literature review show that cooperative learning strategies can increase student involvement and student collaboration skills in learning. Thus, this strategy can encourage student involvement in group activities and collaboration, forming a learning environment that supports the development of various crucial skills.

the dissolution of a marriage or marriage is a complex event that has significant legal meaning, both from the perspective of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. In Islam, divorce is seen as a last resort that is not recommended, but is still recognized as a reality. The aim of this research is to examine and understand Munakahat fiqh which discusses the breakdown of marriage and the consequences it causes. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature review. The main source of information is obtained from reading materials, namely books, magazines and related articles. The results of this research conclude that the dissolution of marriage in Islamic law means that divorce processes such as talak, fasakh, or khul' must be regulated with full justice, decency and prudence. Both parties must obtain their rights in a fair manner, including property rights, maintenance and child care. The importance of maintaining family unity and avoiding divorce except in circumstances that really need to be emphasized in Islamic teachings. In addition, Islamic law encourages peaceful resolution of conflicts and solutions that respect the rights of all parties involved. By understanding the relevant principles of Islamic law and seeking guidance from qualified clerics and legal experts, Muslims can handle the dissolution of marriage wisely, prioritizing mutual welfare, and maintaining the moral and ethical values ​​taught by the Islamic religion.

This study examines the concept of mahram in long distance travel and how Islamic principles can be applied in the face of ongoing societal changes. The background of this research arises from the growing phenomenon of long-distance travel, whether for work, education, or religious purposes, often involving the participation of women. On the other hand, advancements in technology and global mobility have also influenced views and practices related to mahram, particularly in the context of Islamic law. The objective of this study is to explore the understanding of mahram in the context of long-distance travel and analyze how Islamic principles can remain relevant and be applied despite the changing times. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, which includes an analysis of religious texts, contemporary fatwas, and scholars' perspectives on long-distance travel and mahram. The findings indicate that, despite the dynamics of social life, the principle of mahram remains essential in safeguarding the honor and safety of individuals, especially women, during long-distance travel. However, a more flexible understanding of the application of mahram has emerged in the modern era, considering factors such as security, technology, and the existing social context. This discussion aims to provide insights into the balance between upholding Islamic teachings and addressing the challenges of travel in the face of modernity.  

The concept of mahram is one of the pillars of Islamic law that governs relationships among individuals within the context of family and society. The background of this research focuses on the importance of accurate understanding of mahram, especially considering the increasingly complex social interactions in the modern era. The objective of this study is to identify the categories of mahram and to understand their implications for social interactions and marriage. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, using literature analysis and interviews with experts in the fields of religion and family law. The literature study includes recent sources to gain up-to-date perspectives, while interviews are conducted to explore deeper insights regarding the challenges and societal understanding of mahram. The findings indicate that mahram is divided into three main categories: mahram by blood relations, mahram by marriage, and mahram by breastfeeding. Each category has different implications for social interactions, and a good understanding of these boundaries is crucial for maintaining family harmony. The discussion also highlights the modern challenges faced by society regarding the concept of mahram, as well as the necessity for broader education and socialization to enhance awareness among the younger generation. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of mahram in creating healthy and harmonious relationships within society, and the need for collaboration among various parties to raise awareness of this concept.

This article discusses the application of faraidh principles in the context of contemporary society, focusing on the challenges and solutions faced in inheritance distribution. The background of this research is based on the need to understand how the Islamic inheritance system can function amidst changing social dynamics, including the influence of local culture and gender inequality. The purpose of the study is to explore the community's understanding of faraidh, as well as to identify factors that influence the practice of inheritance distribution. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of the study indicate that many individuals still have a knowledge gap regarding their rights in the faraidh system, which often results in inheritance. In addition, the influence of patriarchal culture and the weakness of formal education regarding inheritance law also contribute to injustice in the distribution of property. This study recommends the need for better education, the use of technology to access information, and collaboration between various parties to improve the understanding and application of faraidh principles. With these steps, the hope of justice in inheritance distribution can be realized effectively in society.

This paper is based on the author's concern over the increasingly rampant events of human dignity decline. More of people are less aware of the nobility of their dignity as Imago Dei. The purpose of this writing is to make each individual aware himself as an individual who is able to respect and fight for their own dignity and the others, while also stopping damaging their own dignity and the dignity of others. The method used is a literature review. The author collects, reads, and understands various relevant sources and compiles them into a scientific paper. The results of this research illustrate that humans have a very noble dignity based on their identity as Imago Dei. Humans are bestowed by God with various privileges, such as mind, consciousness, and free will. Therefore, God entrusts humans as His co-workers in the work of creation, and God even gives them the mandate to maintain and guard other creations. Based on their existence, humans live in a trilogy of relationships, namely relationships with God, others, and the universe. Because humans, by their nature, humans are social beings and are the pinnacle of all of God's creations, everyone must respect their own dignity and that of other humans. Humans should live in an atmosphere of universal brotherhood, tolerance, dialogue and peace with each other and the universe.

The problem in this study is that students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon do not get learning guidelines, namely task cards containing basic motion concepts on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. Students lack the opportunity to learn in the realm of knowledge and movement skills; namely the absence of interaction (feedback) as observers and performers of motion in the learning process of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. The research method used in this research is the experimental method, the research design used is “Pre-test and post-test randomized control group design”. The population in this study were students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon, totaling 194 students. The sample in this study amounted to 40 students. The instrument used was “basic movement ability test on kopstand in floor gymnastics”. The data obtained were tested with the t test with a confidence level of α = 0.05. The conclusions in this study are: tcount = 8.7049 > ttable = 2.0243. Based on the testing criteria, if the tcount is greater than the ttable (tcount> ttable), then H0 is rejected, which means HA is accepted so that “The application of the reciprocal teaching style has a significant effect on increasing mastery of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics in class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon”.

Hypertension is a condition where there is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. A person can be said to be hypertensive if the person has systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and diastolic >80 mmHg. One way to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients is by soaking the feet in warm water with a mixture of salt and lemongrass. This article uses a case study design and the subjects used in this case are hypertensive patients in the Mabar Hilir environment. The results of implementing the intervention found that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy with a mixture of salt and lemongrass with blood pressure observations of 135/80 mmHg. Conclusion: Application of warm water foot soak therapy with a mixture of salt and lemongrass can reduce blood pressure in hypertension patients. The advice is that patients can change their lifestyle to a healthier lifestyle, reduce risk factors for hypertension and continue to carry out regular health checks.

Reciprocal style is a teaching style where students have the opportunity to give feedback to their peers or partners.  This allows students to improve their learning outcomes and increase social interaction with their peers. Table tennis games that are usually taught in schools have the aim that students can have knowledge and understanding of table tennis itself and can develop sportsmanship and actively participate in table tennis learning. The method in this research is experimental method. The population in this study were students of class X SMAN 1 Tondano which amounted to 172 students. The sample used in this study was 26 students of class X who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group of 13 students and the control group of 13 students. The conclusion of this study is that the application of reciprocal style can have an influence on basic movements on forehand push shots in table tennis games on basic movements on forehand push shots in table tennis games for students of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano.  

Stroke is a blood circulation disorder in the brain or blockage of blood in the brain which causes disruption of the nervous function of the brain and usually occurs suddenly. Nervous system disorders that occur in stroke sufferers can cause specific symptoms, such as: paralysis of the limbs, problems when speaking including slurred speech, imbalance, changes in consciousness, and even vision problems. The aim of this research is how nursing care is provided for ischemic stroke patients at RSI Malahayati Medan. The research method was carried out at RSI Malahayati Medan in April 2024 with a population of 1 person and the sample in this study was 1 person suffering from SNH (Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke). The results of this research are the evaluation and results of implementation of Mr. T who survived 3 days from the first day to the last day, showing significant changes. On the first day, his muscle strength, three prone to movement, 2 physical weakness, worsened, on the second day, muscle strength, 3, prone to movement, 3 weakness. Physically improved, on the third day muscle strength, 5 susceptibility to movement, 5 physical weakness improved. The conclusion of this research is based on the nursing care that was carried out on Mr. T for 3 days, namely 28 April 2024 - 30 April 2024 with a stroke through implementing range of motion ROM to increase muscle strength in stroke patients at the Malahayati Islamic Hospital in Medan.

This study analyzes the application of the order costing method with a variable costing approach at PT Makmur, a manufacturing company engaged in the beverage cup industry. Accurate determination of the cost of goods manufactured is crucial to support strategic decision making, profit optimization, and management of company resources. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to explore in-depth understanding related to the calculation of production costs. The results of the analysis show that the variable costing method provides benefits in identifying contribution margins and controlling variable costs, while the full costing method tends to produce a more comprehensive estimate of production costs by including fixed costs. The findings indicate a significant difference in net profit between the two methods, which has an impact on selling pricing decisions and production strategies. The implication of this study is that it provides practical guidance for PT Makmur and similar companies to choose a costing method that suits financial and operational objectives, and improve competitiveness through more efficient cost management.    

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease whose prevalence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle, especially among the younger generation, including students. Unhealthy habits such as a high-calorie diet, lack of physical activity, and high levels of stress can increase the risk of developing DM. Currently, DM is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) being the largest cause of death. Based on the Southeast Sulawesi Health Profile, DM is ranked fifth out of the ten most common diseases in Southeast Sulawesi with a total of 13,946 sufferers. The increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious global health threat. Therefore, it is important to prevent the prevalence of DM through preventive and promotive actions. One promotional activity that can be carried out is to educate, encourage change and increase knowledge about healthy lifestyles so that the occurrence of disease or bad health conditions in the future can be prevented.

The plastic waste problem in Indonesia, which is the second largest contributor in the world, prompts the need for innovative and sustainable solutions. One proposed solution is the utilization of plastic waste into ecobricks, which are eco-friendly bricks made from compacted plastic waste. The training program in Jawisari Village involved socialization and practice of ecobricking, aiming to raise community awareness about plastic waste management and provide practical skills. The activity successfully engaged the community, produced ecobricks, and is expected to create a cleaner and healthier environment.

This study aims to optimize students' historical thinking skills through the School Environment Introduction Program at SMAN 1 Baros. This program is designed to improve students' understanding of history by developing critical, analytical, and interpretive skills in understanding historical events. The research methods used are literature studies and case studies. The results of the study indicate that students' historical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Baros are still low, which is caused by lecture-based learning and limited learning resources. This program focuses on developing an understanding of the concepts of time, space, and society, as well as the application of interactive and project-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. This optimization is expected to create a generation that thinks independently, creatively, and wisely in facing global and local challenges.