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This study examines the comparative regulation of the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) between countries adopting Civil and Common Law systems. BJR is a principle that grants corporate decision-makers the discretion to make business decisions without fear of legal liability, provided that the decisions are made in good faith, are reasonable, and free from conflicts of interest. This research aims to identify the similarities and differences in the regulation of BJR between civil law and common law countries and analyze the factors contributing to these differences. This research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative and comparative law approach. These approaches are utilized to analyze relevant national and international legislation and compare the application of BJR in Indonesia with that of other countries, such as the United States and European nations. The findings are expected to provide insights into the philosophical and practical differences in the regulation and implementation of BJR across these two legal systems.

The Community Service Programme at MA Mambaul Ulum Paiton focuses on improving the digital literacy of grade XII students through Microsoft Word training. This initiative addresses the urgent need for the students to acquire essential office software skills, which are critical for success in higher education and professional environments. The programme is implemented through three stages viz: planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. It starts with identifying students' skill gaps, designing a phased curriculum, and delivering hands-on practice-based training. Training sessions covered basic topics, including an introduction to the Microsoft Word interface, formatting and organising documents, as well as advanced features such as creating tables and creating charts. To maximise learning outcomes, training was conducted in small groups, using interactive teaching methods and continuous evaluation. The results showed significant improvements in students' competencies, demonstrating the programme's ability to effectively bridge the digital skills gap. In addition, the initiative also provides long-term benefits by improving students' readiness to face academic and professional challenges. This effort not only fulfils an educational need, but also strengthens the overall quality of education contributing to the growth of digital literacy in MA mambaul Ulum.

Tujuan dari peneliti melihat pengaruh Financial Literacy dan Illusion Of Control dalam mengambil keputusan investasi, objek penelitian Mahasiswa di Kota Palembang. Peneliti ini memakai data kuantitatif pengambilan sebanyak 133 sampel responden yang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penyebaran kuesioner ini dilihat untuk menguji berdasarkan kriteria yaitu Mahasiswa di Kota Palembang dan Responden yang melakukan Investasi minimal 4 bulan yang lalu memakai program SPSS 21. Adapun pengujian yang dilakukan seperti uji validitas, reabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi berganda, dan pengujian hipotesis. terdapat pengaruh Literacy Financial terhadap Keputusan Investasi dan pengaruh Illusion Of Control tidak berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Investasi.

This research employs qualitative and quantitative methods to ascertain the impact of a Chinese-themed atmosphere and stakeholders. The research sample utilized Nvivo and comprised 150 respondents, representing consumers of non-Halal culinary MSMEs at PIK. The research findings demonstrate that the establishment of a Chinese-themed ambiance and stakeholder engagement significantly enhance consumer satisfaction in non-halal culinary MSMEs at PIK, North Jakarta. This amalgamation of methods not only improves the client experience but also generates chances to cultivate customer loyalty and bolster MSME competitiveness. Enhanced execution of stakeholder engagement and ongoing innovation can further propel success in this area.

Elections (Pemilu) represent a pivotal moment in democracy, where citizens exercise their right to vote and determine the nation's leadership and direction. Since the reform era, Indonesia has consistently held free and fair elections with increased civil participation. However, issues remain concerning the participation of people with disabilities, a group that often faces exclusion in political decision-making. Despite legal frameworks like Law No. 8 of 2016 ensuring the political rights of persons with disabilities, implementation in practice remains inadequate. This literature study examines the challenges faced by disabled voters, focusing on the lack of accessibility at polling stations and their underrepresentation in the voter registry. It highlights the urgency of political participation for persons with disabilities as a means to foster inclusive democracy and social change in Indonesia. Affirmative actions, such as the establishment of quotas and policies, are discussed as essential steps toward ensuring equal political rights for disabled individuals. Additionally, the role of technology in optimizing participation through programs like DIGI-EDVOT is explored. However, challenges remain due to unequal access and technological literacy among people with disabilities.

Previous studies have shown that red ginger has the potential to treat PCOS because it has been proven to be able to reduce serum FSH, LH and estradiol and testosterone, inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway, change the pituitary axis, inhibit lipoxygenase expression in various animal studies. The purpose of this study is to prove the potential of red ginger extract as a regulator of anti-androgenic, ovulation, estrogenic activity and reduce insulin resistance. The research design used was for experimental research using a post-test-only control group design. And for the analysis of the potential bioactivity of red ginger extract as an immunomodulatory agent computationally (Insilico). Animal care was carried out in the Pharmacology and Biomedicine Laboratory and has received approval from the Ethics Committee. The sample used was a female Wistar rat on the 56th day of the experiment (after modeling). All treatments were given orally for 28 times. Independent variable = Red ginger extract. Dependent variable = Dependent variables are 1. Hormones: Testosterone, LH, FSH 2. ovarian inflammation activation (PPARγ activation and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and ROS, NFKB, TNF a. 3. Insulin resistance (insulin, glucose, HOMA IR) and 4 Lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL, cholesterol). Control variables are: 1) Gender; 2) Age; 3) Strain; 4) Food and beverage intake; 5) Maintenance and care. Quantitative and qualitative research data. using parametric tests, namely One-Way ANOVA after meeting the requirements for normal data distribution and the same data variance. The One-Way ANOVA statistical test is continued with the Tuckey test to determine the differences in each group.

This study aims to evaluate the risk management implemented at PT Pos Indonesia's using a qualitative approach based on literature review. Risk management is crucial for ensuring the continuity of operations, especially in the logistics sector, which faces numerous challenges. This study reviews literature on risk management in the logistics industry and evaluates its application at PT Pos Indonesia. The findings reveal that although several risk management strategies have been implemented, certain areas require improvement, particularly in operational risk mitigation and the use of technology. Recommendations include strengthening technological infrastructure and enhancing employee training on risk management awareness.

Writing this paper or research paper has the aim and objective of knowing the Procedure for Handling the Arrival and Departure of Export Ships Loaded with Liquid Bulk at PT. Tarahan Cipta Kencana Branch, Lampung Branch. The methods applied are the literature method or (library research) as well as the field inspection method (field research) by describing the Arrival and Departure Handling Procedures for Export Vessels Containing Liquid Bulk Cargo at PT. Tarahan Cipta Kencana Branch, Lampung Branch. In this paper we have explained the obstacles faced, including the cargo not being ready from the shipper and the cargo analysis results not yet being published from the customs and excise agency. There are things that can be done to achieve the goal so that the ship is not hindered in the ship loading process and there are no delays in the ship's departure. So that the ship agency service process can run smoothly, precisely and quickly, PT. Tarunabuat Kencana must pay attention to and prepare all the facilities and infrastructure needed in the ship service process.

The Indonesian nation is a nation which is often called a multicultural nation, in which there are various religions, ethnicities, races, even languages ​​and cultural customs. This research was conducted so that readers realize that living amidst a diverse society is not easy, so it is necessary to have a sense of love and tolerance within oneself to produce harmony. This is in line with the basic Christian faith in love and harmony. Then what is the role of Christian Religious Education in maintaining tolerance in diverse communities, for example, from religion, ethnicity, culture and so on.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) has an important role in forming students' character and faith by prioritizing the application of Christian teachings in everyday life. PAK teachers not only focus on teaching theological doctrine, but also provide guidance to students in applying the values ​​of faith in every decision and social relationship. By using a creative, relevant and technology-based approach, Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers are able to overcome various challenges faced, such as negative influences from the environment and limited student understanding. In this way, they are able to create a learning process that inspires and strengthens student character. The role of PAK teachers includes implementing learning strategies based on Bible stories, critical discussions, real action projects, and the use of technology. This aims to link the concept of faith with life values. Barriers such as limited resources and minimal student involvement can be overcome by using an inclusive and interactive approach. PAK teachers inspire students to understand and apply Christian values, forming individuals with strong characters who are responsive to social demands.

Learning planning in Christian religious education has a significant role in shaping student character based on Christian values. Christian religious education teachers provide guidance for students in understanding the values ​​of faith such as love, justice, humility, forgiveness, and service to others, apart from just being teachers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by carrying out a literature review to find the role played by Christian religious education teachers in developing the learning process. From the research results, it was revealed that effective learning planning is able to provide support for students in understanding and applying religious values ​​in their daily activities. However, teachers face several challenges, such as limited resources, lack of adequate training, resistance to change, and difficulties in implementing online learning. Improving teacher skills, utilizing technology, creating relevant modules, and collaboration between schools are key elements in the proposed solution. By applying the latest appropriate strategies, Christian religious education teachers can create effective learning experiences to guide a generation with good morals in accordance with Christian principles and ready to face the dynamics of ever-changing times.

This study examines the role of social media in increasing consumer purchase interest in Skintific products in Indonesia, particularly in the beauty package category. Skintific successfully dominated the market by achieving sales of over IDR 70 billion in the first quarter of 2024. This success was largely driven by the effective use of digital marketing strategies on social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. These strategies involved creating relevant content, collaborating with influencers, and engaging directly with the audience to strengthen brand image. The findings indicate that the brand image built through social media significantly contributes to increased purchase interest and consumer loyalty. The highest sales were recorded in the 5-piece beauty package variant, highlighting consumer preference for comprehensive product offerings. Based on the study, social media is proven to be an effective channel for building a positive brand image and influencing consumer purchasing decisions in the beauty industry. 

Humans as social creatures can live by having relationships with other people. Every relationship requires interaction or communication to be able to maintain and maintain the relationship. Especially in matters of love, which requires clarity in every situation so that there is no conflict or misunderstanding. The key to overcoming all problems is to maintain good communication with your partner. Not limited by distance and time, communication must continue. Through interaction on digital media it can make it easier for today's teenagers to communicate, especially for couples.

This examines the challenges faced by the world of education in the digital era as well as strategies and solutions to overcome them. The digital era offers great opportunities to improve access and quality of education, but gaps in access to technology, lack of digital literacy, changes in student orientation, teacher reluctance, reduced social interactions, etc., also face many challenges.This article explores strategies to overcome these challenges, including improving technology infrastructure, digital literacy training, developing innovative curricula, implementing hybrid learning, and managing technology use.By working together, governments, schools, teachers, parents, and the private sector can optimizing education in the digital era and creating a more effective and inclusive learning environment.  

Natural disasters are a phenomenon that cannot be avoided. Indonesia is one of the countries vulnerable to natural disasters. Based on data from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), it was concluded that extreme weather changes were the second most cases in Indonesia with 1,261 cases and in North Sumatra with 44 cases, which resulted in tornadoes and heavy rain. In line with this, the phenomenon of tornadoes and heavy rain has occurred in one of the cities in North Sumatra province, namely in Medan City, especially in the campus area of the University of North Sumatra, which resulted in several damages in several faculties and several fallen trees in the area around the University of North Sumatra campus.

The export of marine sand from Indonesia to Singapore has been a controversial issue for decades, involving economic, environmental, and political interests. This study examines Indonesia's marine sand export policy, especially after the issuance of Government Regulation Number 26 of 2023, which reopened export permits after more than 20 years of prohibition. This policy aims to manage marine sedimentation to prevent disruption to ecosystems and shipping and meet domestic reclamation needs. However, there are many pros and cons that arise. On the one hand, this policy is expected to increase state revenue and open up employment opportunities. On the other hand , sea sand mining activities can cause serious environmental damage. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to understand the impact of the policy. The results show that this policy provides more short-term benefits to the government and business actors, but poses long-term threats to the environment and society. Unsupervised marine sand mining has the potential to damage marine ecosystems, reduce fishermen's productivity, and threaten the sustainability of Indonesia's coastal areas. Therefore, more effective supervision and implementation of policies regarding this activity is needed.

practicing license in a self-employed capacity. In order to prevent medical malpractice an activity or practice that is incorrect or deviates from the proper provisions or procedures dental experts adopt a professional approach. What constitutes criminal culpability for dental and oral therapists who engage in medical misconduct while working independently is the problem statement for this study. Determining criminal culpability for dental therapists who engage in medical misconduct while working independently is the goal of this study. The relevant law approach, the conceptual approach, and the problem approach are the research methods employed. According to the research findings, dental therapists must be held criminally responsible for any violations of their obligations that resulted in criminal acts while practicing independently. Articles 359 and 360 of the Criminal Code outline the criminal penalties that apply when a dental or oral therapist makes a mistake (negligence) that causes patients to suffer serious injuries or pass away. The therapist faces a maximum prison sentence of five years or a maximum prison sentence of one year. It goes without saying that criminal law theory must be followed in order to establish the criminal liability of dental experts for breaching their duties or engaging in careless behavior while working independently.The study's conclusion is that dental therapists must adhere to all applicable regulations when conducting their private business; if they do not and endanger patients, they will be held accountable and subject to criminal penalties.

Background: According to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2022 concerning Medical Records, they are documents that contain patient identity data, examinations, treatment, procedures and other services that have been provided to patients. Minimum Hospital Service Standards Completeness of filling in medical records 24 hours after completion must reach 100%. Objective: To determine the completeness factor in writing the patient's name in the patient's medical record at the hospital. Method: This research uses a literature review method. Results: The highest percentage of completeness in writing patient names was in research journals with a percentage of 98%, while the lowest percentage was 56%. Conclusion: From the results of a review of the completeness of writing patient names in hospital medical records, it was found that the completeness results were not 100% and not all hospitals had SOPs regarding procedures for writing patient names. Suggestion: Create an SPO for procedures for writing patient names that comply with standards so that officers can carry out these activities with guidelines. Background: In accordance with Republic of Indonesia Health Minister Regulation Number 24 of 2022, medical records are records that include information about a patient's identity, medical examinations, treatments, procedures, and other services rendered to them. Minimum Requirements for Hospital Services Within 24 hours of finishing, all medical records must be 100% complete. Goal: To ascertain the degree of completeness in entering the patient's name in the hospital's medical file. Method: A literature review approach is used in this study. Findings: Research journals had the highest percentage of complete patient names (98%) and the lowest percentage (56%) of complete patient names. Conclusion: A review of the completeness of writing patient names in hospital medical records revealed that not all hospitals have standard operating procedures (SOPs) pertaining to patient name writing, and the findings were not 100% complete. Recommendation: Establish a standard operating procedure (SPO) for writing patient names that adhere to standards so that officers can perform these tasks in accordance with protocols.

The problems experienced by students in completing thesis turn into negative feelings and tend to cause loss of motivation, lack of self-confidence, and stress in students. This study aims to analyze the correlation of self-efficacy with stress levels in completing a thesis on students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Abulyatama. This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. It involved 173 college students as the sample chosen using a total sampling technique. This study was carried out on May 28th - June 13th, 2024 by using a self-efficacy questionnaire with a Croncbach Alpha value of 0,864 and   a DASS-21 Croncbach Alpha value of 0,75. The data analysis used a chi-square test. The results indicate that most students experienced moderate stress levels as much as 79 students (45,7%) and had moderate self-efficacy as much as 73 students (42,2%), with a ρ value of 0,000. This study shows the correlation between self-efficacy and students' stress levels at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Abulyatama. Further, the university should boost students' motivation and self-efficacy in completing a thesis to prevent stressful occurrences.

Learning mathematics in the technological era presents new challenges. The learning process has undergone a transformation towards digitalization. One form of innovation is the utilization of technological media such as Google Sites to assist students in learning mathematics. This research discusses the transformation of developing interactive teaching materials in learning mathematics for grade 5 elementary school students through the Google Sites platform. As a learning tool, Google Sites allows teachers to design more interesting and interactive teaching materials with the integration of text, images, videos, and animations. This research uses the literature study method to explore the potential of technology-based media in improving the quality of mathematics learning. The results of the study show that the use of Google Sites can improve students' understanding of the material, learning outcomes, as well as their active involvement in the learning process. In addition, the flexibility of access and cloud-based features make it easier for students and teachers to support distance learning or blended learning. Thus, this study confirms the importance of technological innovation in mathematics learning to improve the quality of basic education.