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This study discusses the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in Grade VII of MTs Cerdas Murni, with a focus on its definition, steps, and advantages and disadvantages. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data used consist of primary data obtained through interviews and direct observation, as well as secondary data from books and journals. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Data validity is tested using lingering techniques, triangulation, and negative cases. The results show that TPS is an effective cooperative learning strategy to increase student interaction and engagement. The steps in TPS include the stages of think, pair, and share. The advantage of this strategy is that it increases overall student participation, because each student is actively involved. However, the disadvantage is that it requires a relatively longer time to implement. Teachers have implemented TPS effectively, from greetings and prayers to build morals, to explaining prayer etiquette and dhikr, which enhance students' understanding, cooperation, and courage. TPS is suitable for material that requires in-depth understanding but needs to be adapted to the students' circumstances, such as using mixed methods for practical materials. Another advantage is increased student courage and critical thinking, despite challenges related to student readiness and facilities.

Physics learning requires students’ multirepresentational ability to understand concepts through verbal, mathematical, pictorial, or graphical forms. However, instruction at SMAN 1 Natal is still dominated by conventional methods, resulting in less active student participation and low multirepresentational skills. This study aims to determine the improvement of students’ multirepresentational ability after the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model on the topic of sound waves. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of class XI MIPA 1 as the control class and class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class. The research instrument was a multirepresentation test administered through pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Mann–Whitney test, and the N-Gain test. The results of the normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, hypothesis testing was continued using the Mann–Whitney test, which yielded a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. This result indicates a difference in the improvement of multirepresentational ability between the experimental and control classes. The N-Gain result for the experimental class was 49.40%, categorized as moderate. Thus, the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model in the experimental class resulted in an improvement that was lower than that of the control class

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Problem Based Learning (PBL) oriented E-LAPD to improve students' metacognitive skills on chemical equilibrium material, especially on the sub-material of factors that influence chemical equilibrium shifts. This study was conducted at SMAS Hang Tuah 4 Surabaya class XII-2 as many as 25 students. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) with a 4-D model that was tested on a limited basis using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Scoring on the pretest-posttest uses N-gain (normalized gain) which aims to determine the increase in metacognitive skills through the results of students' pretest-posttest scores. The results showed that the N-gain value for each component of metacognitive skills, namely planning skills, monitoring skills, and evaluating skills, obtained values ​​​​sequentially, namely 0.85; 0.73; and 0.74 which are included in the high category, from the assessment shows that the use of PBL oriented E-LAPD is declared effective in improving students' metacognitive skills. This is supported by the results of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) questionnaire, which showed a percentage of planning skills of 82.43% with very good criteria, monitoring skills of 81.86% with very good criteria, and evaluating skills of 77.67% with good criteria. These results indicate that the MAI questionnaire can support pretest-posttest data to determine the improvement of metacognitive skills in students.

The development of information technology requires innovative learning media to improve the quality of instruction in elementary schools. One technology-based learning medium that can be utilized is Kahoot as an interactive quiz. This study aims to describe the implementation of Kahoot in science learning on the topic of plant structure and functions and its effects on students’ conceptual understanding, learning activeness, and motivation in fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of Kahoot creates a more interactive and engaging learning environment, increases students’ active participation, and enhances their understanding of plant structure and function concepts. In addition, Kahoot is effective as an evaluation tool because it provides immediate feedback and presents learning outcomes quickly and systematically. However, the use of Kahoot also has limitations, particularly its dependence on the availability of digital devices and stable internet access. Therefore, Kahoot can be used as an innovative alternative learning medium, provided that school conditions are considered and it is combined with other learning methods to optimize science learning.

This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of U16 women's national team athletes regarding injury management using the PRICES (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Support) method to improve athlete safety.. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through a Google Form questionnaire with 21 athletes as subjects. Data were classified using the Guttman scale and a dichotomous scale, then converted into a five-criteria scale. The data were processed using SPSS 22. The average score obtained was 136.81 with the lowest score being 117 and the highest score being 150. There were 8 (38.10%) subjects in the very high category, 10 (47.62%) subjects in the high category, and 3 (14.29%) subjects in the moderate category. These results indicate that the average subject's knowledge of the PRICES method is in the high or fairly good category. This indicates that most athletes have understood the basic principles of PRICES. An integrated educational program and practical simulation are needed in routine training to ensure that all athletes are able to apply the PRICES method quickly, precisely, and effectively when an injury occurs.

Pregnancy complications remain a major health problem contributing to high maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Factors influencing the occurrence of pregnancy complications include the level of maternal knowledge and advanced maternal age. Advanced age increases the risk of pregnancy disorders due to decreased reproductive function, while low knowledge limits a mother’s ability to recognize danger signs and take appropriate preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge level and advanced maternal age and the occurrence of pregnancy complications in the working area of Bonebobakal Public Health Center, Banggai Regency. This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 41 pregnant women selected through total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge level and maternal age with the occurrence of pregnancy complications. Health education and regular pregnancy monitoring are necessary to reduce the risk of complications and improve maternal and fetal safety..

Background: Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Indonesia includes household.. In Indonesia, the level of knowledge and handwashing behavior of is still relatively low, an indication can be seen from the high prevalence of diarrhea. Research Objective: to determine the Relationship of Information Sources to Knowledge and Behavior of Adolescents About Clean Living in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District. Research Method: This type of research uses Quasi Experiment One Group PreTest-PostTest Non Control Group, namely research with one subject who is given treatment or intervention before and after treatment. The population in this study is the community in this case adolescents in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, totaling 45 people. Sampling uses a total sampling technique. There are 3 research instruments used in this study including: respondent characteristic questionnaire, PHBS knowledge and health promotion educational video about PHBS. Data analysis using univariate in percentage and bivariate using Willcoxon Test. Results: the results of the study revealed the level of knowledge of the community before health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 2 respondents (4.4%) had insufficient knowledge, 14 respondents (31.1%) had sufficient knowledge, and 29 respondents (64.4%) had good knowledge. From the results of the study, it was known that the level of knowledge of the community after health promotion regarding PHBS, of the 45 respondents studied as many as 17 respondents (37.8%) had good knowledge, 20 respondents (44.4%) had sufficient knowledge, and 8 respondents (17.8%) had insufficient knowledge. This is demonstrated by the results of the Wilcoxon ρ test (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) = 0.000 <0.05, indicating a relationship.

Childbirth is the time after labor to restore health again which takes 6-12 weeks. Giving Moringa and banana heart aims to increase the milk production. The result of a survey conducted on 15 postpartum,obtained the result of 9 people (64,28 %) experienced less milk production. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Moringa leaf and banana heart on the increase of milk production in postpartum in  Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency. This research is pre experimental research. The population in this study were all postpartum in the work area of Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency.Sample size is 15 people obtained from purposive sampling technique. The result of the study were analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The result of the research showed that before the leaves were given moringa leaf and the banana heart mostly (73,3%) had milk production not smoothly and after given moringa leaf and banana heart almost whole (86,7%) experienced milk production smoothly. Based on Wilcoxon test result show data that the value of ρ = 0,003 and value a = 0,05  can be said that ρ-value <a. So H0 rejected and H1 accepted which means there is an influence of Moringa leaf and banana heart to increase milk production in postpartum mothers in Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency. It is Expected that the results of this study can provide information about the benefits of Moringa leaf and banana heart to increase milk production in postpartum in the working area of Nunkurus Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency.

Severe preeclampsia is a condition characterized by systolic blood pressure exceeding 160 mmHg and diastolic pressure exceeding 110 mmHg, occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and accompanied by edema and proteinuria. One intervention used to save both mother and fetus is a cesarean section. This final nursing scientific paper analyzes the implementation of evidence-based practice, specifically warm foot soak therapy, for mothers with severe preeclampsia during the pre- and postpartum periods who are at risk for ineffective cerebral perfusion. This descriptive case study method used a nursing care approach. Assessment results identified five major nursing problems, including the risk for ineffective cerebral perfusion. After four days of warm foot soak therapy, this problem was resolved, as blood pressure decreased from 147/101 mmHg to 120/88 mmHg. Conclusion: Warm foot soak therapy effectively lowers blood pressure in pre- and postpartum mothers with severe preeclampsia. Recommendation: Nurses can implement warm

Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is influenced by both behavioral and psychological factors, including dietary patterns and stress. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns and stress levels among patients with gastritis at a primary healthcare center in West Halmahera Regency. A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in November 2025. A total of 60 gastritis patients were recruited using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to assess dietary patterns and stress levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize respondents’ characteristics, while the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to analyze the association between variables. The results showed that most respondents had unhealthy dietary patterns and experienced high stress levels. Dietary pattern was significantly associated with stress level (p = 0.038), whereas demographic characteristics were not significantly related to stress level. Patients with unhealthy dietary patterns were more likely to experience high stress. In conclusion, dietary pattern is significantly associated with stress levels among gastritis patients. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating behaviors as part of stress management strategies in primary health care settings.

Background: Comprehensive midwifery care is essential for early detection of complications and reducing maternal and infant mortality rates. In Sleman Regency, despite high access to health services, continuous monitoring remains crucial for ensuring maternal and fetal safety. Objective: To provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. M at Klinik Pratama Shaqi, Sleman, from the third trimester of pregnancy through the postpartum and neonatal periods. Methods: This is a descriptive qualitative study using a case study approach based on Varney's seven-step midwifery management and SOAP documentation. Findings: During pregnancy (37 weeks 6 days), the mother experienced physiological complaints of back pain and shortness of breath, managed through posture education and pregnancy exercises. Labor proceeded normally and spontaneously on October 6, 2024, utilizing "gentle birth" practices such as endorphin massage to reduce pain. A second-degree perineal tear occurred and was treated according to procedure. The baby was born healthy, weighing 3100 grams, with successful Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB). During the postpartum and neonatal periods, uterine involution was normal, breast milk production was adequate, and the infant's growth met standards with no danger signs. Implications: Continuous assistance improves the mother's physical and psychological readiness and ensures a healthy neonatal transition.

Compliance with taking medication is very important for pulmonary tuberculosis patients because it can ensure that the tuberculosis infection is controlled and does not spread to other people. Motivational interviewing counseling can help tuberculosis patients increase medication adherence with an empathetic and supportive approach to providing information. Through this technique, counselors can foster the patient's internal motivation to overcome obstacles that arise related to taking medication regularly. This research has gone through an ethical process with No. 000.9/002/KEPKRSUDBTG/1/2025. This type of research is quantitative, a quasi-experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest without control design. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling of 30 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis with the Wilcoxon rank test. The research results show: The patient's level of compliance with taking TB medication before Motivational Interviewing counseling is in the medium category and the low category. The level of patient compliance in taking TB medication after Motivational Interviewing counseling has increased, namely the high category and the medium category. There is an influence of motivational interviewing counseling on medication adherence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Batang Regional Hospital. There is a significant difference between the results of compliance with taking TB medication before and after counseling motivational interviewing at Batang Regional Hospital.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior commonly experienced by adolescents and has significant impacts on both physical and mental health. Schools, as primary social environments for teenagers, often become settings where bullying occurs. Several factors contribute to this behavior, particularly peer influence, family roles, and social media use. This study aimed to analyze factors related to bullying behavior among adolescents in a junior high school, including respondent characteristics, peer influence, family roles, and social media usage, as well as their relationships with bullying behavior. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 71 eighth-grade students as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. The results showed significant relationships between peer factors (p=0.003), family roles (p<0.001), and social media use (p=0.001) with bullying behavior. A large proportion of respondents reported high social media usage (45.1%) and low family involvement (45.1%), while more than half (53.5%) were categorized as being at risk of engaging in bullying behavior. These findings indicate that adolescents are strongly influenced by their social environment, both offline and online. Negative peer interactions and limited family supervision can increase the likelihood of bullying behavior. In conclusion, peer factors, family roles, and social media use are significantly associated with bullying among adolescents. Therefore, collaboration between families, schools, and communities is essential through psychosocial assessments, increased family involvement, and character education programs to prevent and reduce bullying behavior.

Stunting is a major public health problem that reflects chronic malnutrition and adversely affects children’s physical growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. The first 1,000 days of life represent a critical window during which stunting develops and determines long-term health outcomes. This study aims to review evidence on the determinants of childhood stunting and the effectiveness of prevention interventions within public health policy frameworks in Indonesia.A literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and national reports published in the last decade. The literature was analyzed to identify key risk factors, intervention strategies, and policy impacts on stunting reduc-tion.The findings show that stunting is primarily driven by inadequate dietary intake, low socioeconomic status, limited caregiver nutrition knowledge, and poor access to health and sanitation services. National data indicate a decline in stunting prevalence in Indonesia from 24.4% in 2021 to 21.6% in 2022. Evidence consistently highlights that integrated interventions targeting the first 1,000 days of life, including maternal nutrition improvement, breastfeeding promotion, appropriate complementary feeding, and multisectoral collaboration, are effective in reducing stunting.In conclusion, reducing childhood stunting requires sustained, integrated, and policy-based interventions that prioritize early-life nutrition to improve human capital and support long-term national development.

Strategies to increase the income of self -help palm oil farmers can help farmers to increase production yields. This study aims to formulate and obtain strategies in an effort to increase the income of oil palm farmers. This research was conducted in Kalis District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study was carried out from April 5 to May 524. This study used a descriptive quantitative method with case study methods and identified internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) used for the strategy to increase the income of oil palm farmers in the sub -district dull. The variables used in this study were obtained from indicators of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Based on the results of the research results of the collection, processing and analysis of the main internal factors, it is found that the main strength factor of farmers is the status of land ownership and land area owned by farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main weakness of self -help farmers is inadequate access to infrastructure with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.51. For data analysis of the main external factors, it is found that the main opportunity factor of farmers is oil palm can be a term investment for farmers with a weight score of 0.41. As for the main threat of self -help farmers is a long queue at the Palm Oil Mill (PKS) with a weight score of 0.18 and the total score of the IFE matrix is ​​2.62. The results of processing internal and external data of farmers using the IE matrix show that the position of farmers is in quadrant I, the suitable strategy is an aggressive strategy that can support the growth of oil palm farming.

The increasing complexity and scale of modern network traffic driven by IoT and cloud-based infrastructures have made accurate intrusion detection a critical challenge. Conventional network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and many deep learning–based approaches struggle to reliably detect minority and stealthy attacks due to severe class imbalance and limited discrimination of subtle traffic patterns. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid CNN–RBF–Attention framework for network intrusion detection. The proposed model integrates three complementary components: (i) a convolutional neural network for hierarchical feature extraction from network flow data, (ii) a radial basis function (RBF) network for localized nonlinear classification using prototype-based decision regions, and (iii) an attention mechanism that adaptively weights RBF activations to emphasize discriminative traffic patterns. SMOTE is applied exclusively to the training data to mitigate class imbalance. The framework is evaluated on the widely used CICIDS2017 and CICIDS2018 benchmark datasets in both binary and multiclass settings, using recall, precision, F1-score, confusion matrices, and ROC analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model consistently outperforms standalone CNN and RBF baselines, particularly in terms of recall and F1-score. On the CICIDS2018 dataset, the model achieves 99.81% accuracy and 99.81% F1-score in binary classification, and 99.54% accuracy and 99.54% F1-score in multiclass classification. On CICIDS2017, it achieves 98.12% accuracy and 98.12% F1-score in binary classification, and 98.92% accuracy and 98.92% F1-score in multiclass classification. Confusion matrix and ROC analyses further show strong class separability and reliable performance in low–false-positive-rate regions, which is critical for real-world IDS deployment. These results confirm that combining deep hierarchical feature learning, localized prototype-based classification, and attention-guided refinement yields a robust, operationally reliable intrusion detection framework for highly imbalanced network environments.

According to the latest data from WHO (World Health Organization) in 2024, there were around 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea in children worldwide which resulted in 443,832 deaths in children under 5 years of age each year, and an additional 50,851 children aged 9 years, while the country with the most diarrhea in children in the United States was 350 million cases each year and 48 million of them were caused by bacteria in food. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. This type of research is quantitative analytical with a cross-sectional study approach. The independent variable in the study is the role of parents, while the dependent variable is the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The population in this study were all children suffering from diarrhea at the Gedang Village Health Center in 2024 as many as 283 people with a sample of 74 people. The sampling technique used was the Accidental Sampling technique. This study was conducted in the Working Area of ​​the Gedang Village Health Center, Sungai Penuh City, in January-June 2025. The results showed that most 47 (63.5%) respondents had poor parental roles, and most 42 (56.8%) respondents had poor initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years, with the results of the statistical test (Chi-Square) obtained a value of p = 0.005 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study shows that there is a relationship between the role of parents and the initial handling of diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-5 years. The researcher's suggestion from the results of the study is that it can be applied in daily nursing practice, such as providing health education regarding the first handling of diarrhea, so that the role of parents will be even better.

. This research is driven by the low literacy of plastic waste management in primary education, where students tend to perceive cleanliness only as disposing of trash without having the skills for reuse. This study aims to describe the utilization of recycled plastic waste media in enhancing students' environmental awareness at MI Salafiyah Syafi’iyah through an experiential learning approach. The method employed is descriptive-analytical qualitative, with data collection techniques including direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The research implementation was carried out through three main stages: participatory waste sorting, selection of clothing pattern designs as adhesive media, and the construction of creative collages into an educational display board named "Karyaku." The results indicate that the integration of plastic waste as a learning medium is capable of transforming students' paradigms from a consumptive to a creative perspective, as well as improving their practical understanding of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The success of this research is evidenced by the creation of aesthetic and functional visual media that not only enhances students' creativity but also fosters a sense of responsibility and sustainable environmental concern for the school ecosystem.  

Injuries represent a common health issue associated with physical activity in both recreational and competitive sports settings. Appropriate initial management is essential to prevent complications and to facilitate optimal recovery. This study aims to describe the management of minor sports injuries at the Surisina Primary Health Center based on observational findings Sports and structured interviews with healthcare professionals. The study employed direct observation and structured interviews involving physicians and nurses at Surisina Primary Health Center on November 24, 2025. The findings indicate that sports injury management at the primary healthcare level involves a systematic initial assessment, comprehensive physical examination, and the implementation of simple immobilization techniques tailored to the type and severity of injury. Common injuries treated include sprains, muscle cramps, contusions, lacerations, ankle injuries, and minor fractures. Despite limitations in the availability of immobilization equipment, healthcare services were delivered effectively, supported by adequate patient education on injury care, warning signs, and activity recommendations during recovery. This study demonstrates the critical role of primary health centers in providing initial sports injury management and serving as practical learning sites for students in physical education and health programs.  

The brake system on a vehicle is an important component for driving safety, brake malfunction can cause danger and driving safety is disturbed to the point of failure which can cause serious accidents. The object of the study was chosen original brake discs and variation discs used for Yamaha Matic Mio motorbikes. in the general public it is better known as brake discs, Hardness testing was carried out using the Rockwell method with 10 pressure points on the braking friction area with an average value of the original disc with a value of 57 HRC, and the value of the variation disc with a value of 53 HRC with a slight difference of 4 HRC, Brinell hardness value and the original disc tensile test averaged 586 HBS and the average variation disc value was 501 HBS. while the conversion tensile test value from the Rockwell hardness test value on the original disc was 1645 N / mm² and the variation disc brake was 1597.2 N / mm² thus the Rockwell test value, Brinell conversion and the original disc tensile test were still greater than the variation disc tensile test value.