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The use of news media is believed by most researchers to be proven to be able to influence people's political beliefs which then facilitate people's participation in the political process. Political trust in the government and other political institutions is a key indicator of public participation in the democratic process. Specifically, this research aims to test the extent to which media exposure to information regarding the Covid-19 virus outbreak influences people's political trust in one of the regions that has the highest rate of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia and is holding regional head elections during a pandemic. Apart from that, this research also tests whether there is a relationship between political trust and the level of electoral participation during a pandemic. By surveying 211 respondents, this research found several findings. First, even during a health crisis due to the Covid-19 virus outbreak and concerns about being exposed to the virus, the level of public participation in the 2020 Local Election tends to be high. Second, the use of information media affects people's political trust during the pandemic. Third, political trust resulting from exposure to media reports has a positive correlation with the level of public participation in the Regional Head Election during the Covid-19 pandemic

the study aims to analyze the imposition of a criminal verdict in the case of murder that occurred in case No. 117/PID.B / 2022 / PN GTO at the Gorontalo City District Court, as well as factors that influence the judge in deciding the murder case. The research method used is normative legal research with the approach of legislation and the approach of existing cases, which are then analyzed in a descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the analysis of the verdict on the murder case No. 117/Pid.B / 2022 / PN GTO at the Gorontalo City District Court, it can be concluded that the decision is the result of a criminal justice process based on the results of the examination and the facts of the trial as well as the cooperative attitude of the perpetrator. The factors that influence the decision, among others, are the evidence presented in the trial, witness testimony, Judge's consideration, and applicable legal provisions. The judge in his decision did not consider the elements of the indictment charged by the public prosecutor, namely Article 340 of the criminal code, but instead decided the case using Article 338 of the Criminal Code which, according to researchers, does not reflect the principle of legal certainty and Justice.

The purpose of this study is to examine the analysis of player transfer arrangements that occur in e-Sports sports in Indonesia by reflecting on the positive law that applies in Indonesia and also what underlies the legal relationship between e-Sports athletes and the team that has just bought them. This study uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and other secondary materials. The results of this study show that regulations regarding the transfer of both athletes as athletes and athletes as workers have been regulated in the Sports Law, Employment Law, and Indonesian Esports Executive Board Regulation Number: 034/PB-ESI/B/VI/2021. And the thing that underlies the legal relationship between an e-Sports athlete who moves from one e-Sports team to another is a contract or work agreement made based on the Civil Code.

Motivation is a drive that arises within an individual, whether consciously or unconsciously, to perform an action with a specific goal in mind. Motivation at work is closely related to performance evaluation, which reflects the outcomes of tasks carried out by individuals or teams. Performance evaluation is an essential element within an organization that shapes the expectations of each member. With performance evaluation, each individual feels that their efforts and hard work are appreciated by the company. Recognition of job performance achievements serves as a return for the work done and can boost work morale, encouraging employees to work more systematically and enthusiastically towards achieving better results. Therefore, this study aims to understand the impact of motivation on performance evaluation, as well as the relationship between work motivation and work productivity..

The law of kamma is a core Buddhist doctrine explaining moral causality grounded in intentional action (cetana). Amid contemporary moral challenges dishonesty, aggression, low self-control, and weakened character education Buddhist moral education requires an internal basis that is both ethically clear and psychologically workable. This article examines how understanding kamma functions as a conceptual foundation for moral transformation, self-regulation, and behavioral improvement in Buddhist character education. Using a qualitative literature review, the study synthesizes canonical teachings and peer‑reviewed research in Buddhist ethics and moral psychology. Findings indicate that a non‑fatalistic understanding of kamma strengthens moral awareness, personal responsibility, reflective judgment, shame and moral dread (hiri–ottappa), and sustained self‑control. Integrating kamma within character education supports disciplined conduct (sīla), mindfulness‑based self‑management, and prosocial behavior that remains stable across contexts.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the discovery learning model assisted by animated videos in improving student learning outcomes on the material of the digestive system in humans in class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Bolaang. This model was chosen because it can encourage students to participate more actively in learning, while also using technology to help understand more complex material. This study uses the Classroom Action Research approach which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection to evaluate and improve the learning process. The results of the study showed that the application of the discovery learning model assisted by animated videos succeeded in improving student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, only 23.33% of students achieved complete learning, but in the second cycle, the percentage of students who completed increased to 86.66%. This increase occurs because students are starting to be more active in group discussions and more confident in expressing opinions. The use of animated videos also helps students understand the material in a more visual and fun way. This research makes an important contribution to the development of technology-based learning methods, especially in biology learning. These findings suggest that animated videos in learning can improve student engagement and their learning outcomes. This study suggests that further research be conducted to explore the application of this model to other subjects or at higher levels of education, in order to identify its broader benefits in educational contexts.

Background: Public opinion analysis has become increasingly important in the digital era, where social media platforms generate large-scale textual data reflecting public perceptions toward environmental policies. Advances in Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning enable systematic sentiment classification to support data-driven decision-making. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several sentiment classification models in analyzing Indonesian-language social media data related to environmental policies. Method: The research employed a text mining pipeline including data crawling, preprocessing (case folding, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming), and vectorization using TF-IDF. Three classification models Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were trained and evaluated using accuracy and F1-score metrics. Results: Experimental findings indicate that LSTM achieved the highest performance with 91.7% accuracy and 91.2% F1-score, outperforming SVM (88.5%) and Logistic Regression (84.2%). Sentiment distribution analysis shows that public opinion is dominated by positive sentiment (47.5%), followed by neutral (32.0%) and negative (20.5%). Overall: The results demonstrate that deep learning-based models provide more robust contextual understanding and more reliable sentiment mapping for environmental policy analysis.

This research aims to determine the application of problem-based learning to improve problem-solving skills in environmental change material. The type of research used is classroom action, which consists of 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects in this research were 30 students in class X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 3 Bengkayang. The research instrument used was a problem-solving skills observation sheet. The results showed that problem-solving skills increased from quite skilled to skilled. The percentage of each indicator of problem-solving skills has increased. Increase indicators identifying information gaps and the need for action by 18.97%, processing information to understand problems and making decisions by 19.83%, reaching solutions by 23.27%, and communicating decisions by 18.98%. Thus, problem-based learning can improve problem-solving skills.

Research instrument is a tool used to collect data or measure objects of a research variable. To obtain accurate data for appropriate conclusions reflecting the actual situation, a valid, consistent, and reliable instrument is required. The validation test of the biology concept comprehension instrument in this research uses the Pearson Product Moment formula and examines the interpretation of its correlation index with the total score. The reliability measurement of the biology concept comprehension instrument uses Cronbach’s alpha formula. The instrument testing is conducted on 30 respondents who are 10th-grade high school students.

Development is a process in which a condition, situation, or entity experiences change or progress from one state to another that is better or more advanced. In a broader context, development can cover various fields, such as economic, technological, social, cultural and political. Development is often associated with positive progress or growth. Development can also refer to a more general process of change, including changes in people's thoughts, views, and values. Development refers to the physical, mental, emotional, and social growth that occurs throughout a person's life cycle. Violations are actions or behavior that violate established rules, laws, norms or codes of ethics. Violation often refers to actions that violate laws or regulations imposed by the government. This can include actions such as theft, violence, fraud, drug abuse, and so on. Violations of the law can impact individuals, groups, or society as a whole and can result in legal consequences, such as incarceration, fines, or other penalties. Violations reflect non-compliance or violation of established standards, and often result in negative impacts, both for the individual who violates and for other people or society as a whole. In Indonesia, there are regulations regarding Human Rights (HAM), which have been implemented in established laws and regulations. In Indonesia, Human Rights (HAM) can be regulated in various laws and regulations such as: 1956 Constitution, articles 18-34 concerning Human Rights (HAM). These articles can guarantee basic rights such as the right to life, freedom, justice, legal protection, religious freedom, and the right to get a job. Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights (HAM). This law is a regulation that specifically regulates human rights in Indonesia. This law states the Indonesian government's commitment to Human Rights (HAM) and establishes the basic principles and mechanisms for protecting Human Rights (HAM). And also, Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts (HAM), which regulates law enforcement against human rights violations in Indonesia, including the establishment of a Human Rights Court as a special law enforcement institution that examines and adjudicates cases of violations. HAM. The development and violations of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia have a significant impact on society, the government and the country as a whole. The following is the impact, namely the protection and promotion of individual rights, where the development of Human Rights (HAM) has a positive impact by ensuring that individual basic rights are respected and promoted. This includes the right to freedom of opinion, freedom of religion, the right to legal protection, economic, social and cultural rights. This development strengthens democracy and the welfare of society as a whole

Apgar is an examination of newborns with five aspects of assessment, namely skin color, heart rate, reflex response, active muscle tone and breathing. Early detection with assessment is very important for health and the growth and development process. A low Apgar score can indicate immunological abnormalities in the neonate such as respiratory, heart and neurological problems as well as a risk of neonatal sepsis. There is still little information on the Apgar assessment given to pregnant women. The partner of this service activity is the Pregnant Women's Community at Gajahan Surakarta Health Center. The aim of this outreach activity is to provide a forum for information to pregnant women at the Gajahan Surakarta Community Health Center about the Apgar assessment and determine the level of understanding of this education. A baby is said to be healthy if it has an Apgar score of more than seven. The educational method provided is through the lecture method, distributing leaflets about the Apgar score. To measure the level of understanding and knowledge, a pre-test was carried out before delivering the material and a post-test after being given education. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test comparison of 27 respondents, the average score increased from 77.7 to 91. Participants were enthusiastic in taking part in this activity and there was an increase in pregnant women's understanding of the Apgar score

In this paper, we try to reflect on one of the important aspects of the Church's faith, namely the essential belief in the Trinity: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. In particular, we will reflect on the universal Church's faith in the Holy Spirit. Although this article is very limited, we would like to make an important contribution to the relationship between the Holy Spirit in the life of the Trinity and the life of the Church. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the works of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) on the relationship of the Holy Spirit as the Spirit of the Communion of the Father and the Son and the relationship of the Holy Spirit with the Church. In other words, we will find an unbroken continuity, an inseparable, organic dynamic between the Holy Spirit as the Spirit of the Trinity and the role of the Holy Spirit as the Principle of Communion in the Church.

This research aims to explore theological views on apostasy in the context of Christianity. Apostasy is defined as an act of rejection of one's faith and religious teachings, with a focus on serious spiritual consequences. The main source of insight is the Bible, which provides strong warnings against apostasy, highlighting specific passages such as Hebrews 6:4-6. This verse reflects the theological view that for those who consciously abandon the Christian faith, repentance may no longer be possible. This view reflects the serious spiritual consequences that can separate an individual from the presence of God. Although the Bible provides a strong warning against apostasy, the theological perspective also highlights God's grace and forgiveness. The Bible shows that repentance is always open to those who sincerely desire to return to God. In Luke 15:7, Jesus emphasizes the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, providing hope that despite the seriousness of the apostasy, God always provides a way for repentance and restoration of a spiritual relationship with Him. Overall, the theological view of apostasy reflects a balance between stern warnings about the spiritual consequences and God's gracious mercy that is always open to those who return to Him.

In the midst of fast-paced times and the spread of various views, it feels like people are starting to forget the meaning of Christian brotherhood. It is as if the spirit of loving our fellow brothers and sisters like the Lord Jesus loved us is fading away. Now, modern humans are more likely to be "indifferent" to other people, and feel confident in determining themselves. Is this view true? What are the causes and bad effects of this wrong attitude? Can we overcome this prolonged crisis? What steps should be taken? We learn again to understand and appreciate Christian brotherly love.

Islamic trade in Indonesia from pre-independence to contemporary times reflects various features, including nationalist missions, religious solidarity and Islamization. The pre-independence period was marked by nationalist and religious sentiments as a response to discriminatory Dutch colonialism. Religious solidarity is used to inspire unity and independence. After independence, the Islamic trade movement focused more on capitalizing religious organizations for the welfare of the people and da'wah. In the 1990s, the spirit of Islamization strengthened, influenced by the difficulty of access to trade resources and the search for Islamic identity amidst foreign domination. The BMT Movement, Islamic Banks, and Islamic philanthropic institutions responded to this phenomenon, prioritizing empowerment and community education. The phenomenon of the Indonesian trade movement is related to socio-political factors, such as the Dutch East Indies political system and the strength of non-indigenous trade. Islamic trade movements can be classified into two types: the pre-independence period, characterized by religious nationalism in business competition with non-indigenous groups; and post-independence, involving the consolidation of religious groups such as Muhammadiyah and NU, as well as the establishment of BMT and ZISWAF institutions. Islamic trade routes in the archipelago in the past included coastal areas, especially via sea routes which influenced the archipelago as an international trade center. The research method used is a qualitative Library Research approach with a historical-descriptive method. The research results show that the Islamic trade movement is developing in line with social and political dynamics in Indonesia.

Oaths play a crucial role in human life, particularly in religious and cultural aspects. This paper elucidates the concept of oaths as an endeavor to bolster the veracity of a statement by invoking sacred entities such as God. In Israeli culture, oaths are regarded seriously and involve the name of God, with the threat of divine punishment if the oath is breached. Challenges for Christians arise when they encounter the influences of local culture and traditions, such as the Tippu’ Sasa oath ritual of the Mentawai tribe, which contradicts biblical teachings. Therefore, a profound understanding of oaths and the challenges of maintaining the sanctity of the Christian faith amidst local culture becomes imperative. This underscores that oaths are not merely verbal acts but also reflect profound spiritual commitments, serving as the foundation for a meaningful and responsible life.

This study aims to analyze the impact of problem-based learning on student learning styles. The research approach used is experimental by adopting observation and questionnaire methods. Data was collected from students who engaged in problem-based learning and students who followed conventional learning approaches. Analysis was carried out to compare differences in student learning styles before and after implementing problem-based learning. The results showed that problem-based learning had a significant impact on changes in students' learning styles, with more students tending to adopt active, collaborative, and reflective learning styles.

The role of teachers in Christian-based character education is crucial in shaping individuals who are not only intellectually smart but also rich in values and ethics, especially amidst the challenges of globalization and rapid technological advancements. This research aims to develop teaching methodologies that can support Christian religious education teachers in their duties, specifically in designing and implementing an effective curriculum to help students understand and apply Christian values in daily life. The research method to be used is literature research, involving the collection of data related to the discussed theme from primary sources such as books, scientific journals, and others. The research findings indicate that Christian Religious Education teachers play a vital role in forming students' character to reflect the teachings of Lord Jesus Christ through the teaching of Christian values and by being models in behavior, attitude, and ethics. Effective character education requires support from a conducive learning environment, including the commitment of the school community, a curriculum that is integrated with values and ethics, visionary leadership from the school principal, and solid teamwork, despite challenges such as limited resources, lack of parental support, and apathetic attitudes from some parties.

A hedonic lifestyle is a lifestyle in which individuals spend time and money that serves only as motivation, a social class with conceptions that reflect the individual who uses it. The study aims to describe the relationship between self-control and hedonistic lifestyles in students at Padang State University. This research uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study consisted of students at State University Padang with a total sample of 119 students using purposive techniques. The data collection using a scale with a hedonist lifestyle measurement tool organized by Amelia Acmel (2022) refers to the hedonistic lifestyle aspects proposed by Engel et al (1994), and the self-control measuring tool developed by Anggraeni (2022), referred to Averril (1973)'s self-controllment aspects as the instruments used in this research. Data analysis in this study uses product moment correlation techniques. The results of the analysis showed that there was a negative relationship between self-control and hedonistic lifestyles in students at Padang State University with statistical results of correlation coefficients r = -0,379 and p = 0,000 (p<0,5).

The Lauran Sacred Heart Quasi-Parish has held its first pastoral deliberation. This activity aims to provide an understanding of the direction of the pastoral vision of the Diocese of Amboina, reflect on the faith of the participants, and produce plans and recommendations for forming a definitive parish. This research is descriptive qualitative research carried out using the literature study method. The aim of the research is to provide an overview of church independence in relation to the pastoral vision of the Diocese of Amboina. The research results show that there is a relationship between the idea of ​​establishing a definitive parish and the pastoral vision of the Amboina Diocese. It is hoped that this research will provide positive implications in preparing the design and recommendations for the Lauran Sacred Heart quasi-parish to become a definitive parish.