Evaluasi Efektivitas Model Klasifikasi Sentimen untuk Analisis Opini Publik terhadap Kebijakan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Data Media Sosial Berbahasa Indonesia

Background: Public opinion analysis has become increasingly important in the digital era, where social media platforms generate large-scale textual data reflecting public perceptions toward environmental policies. Advances in Natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning enable systematic sentiment classification to support data-driven decision-making. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several sentiment classification models in analyzing Indonesian-language social media data related to environmental policies. Method: The research employed a text mining pipeline including data crawling, preprocessing (case folding, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming), and vectorization using TF-IDF. Three classification models Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were trained and evaluated using accuracy and F1-score metrics. Results: Experimental findings indicate that LSTM achieved the highest performance with 91.7% accuracy and 91.2% F1-score, outperforming SVM (88.5%) and Logistic Regression (84.2%). Sentiment distribution analysis shows that public opinion is dominated by positive sentiment (47.5%), followed by neutral (32.0%) and negative (20.5%). Overall: The results demonstrate that deep learning-based models provide more robust contextual understanding and more reliable sentiment mapping for environmental policy analysis.