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Background: For women, menarche is the first menstruation, which is a sign of puberty (maturity) for healthy adolescents. Menarche occurs at the age of 8 to 12 years. It is very important to prepare adolescents mentally and psychologically from the beginning of menarche so that they have a positive response to menarche. Aspects of menarche readiness are divided into 3, namely aspects of understanding, aspects of appreciation, and aspects of willingness. Factors that influence menarche readiness include internal factors, namely attitude and age, while external factors are sources of information, maternal social support and social environment. Unpreparedness to face menarche has an impact on personal hygiene during menstruation and anxiety. Objective: To determine the effect of menstruation education using animated video media and leaflets on menarche readiness in children aged 9-12 years at SDN Bojong 2 Cianjur. Method: This study used a true experimental design research design, with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The sampling technique used total sampling with a sample size of 94 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, then the data was processed and analyzed using SPSS computer software. Statistical test using Wilcoxon test. Results: In the intervention group between the pretest and posttest values ​​obtained a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), while in the control group between the pretest and posttest values ​​obtained a p-value of 0.084 (> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group after being given menstruation education. So there is an effect of menstruation education using animated video media and leaflets on menarche readiness in children aged 9-12 years at SDN Bojong 2 Cianjur.

This study aims to analyze the legal review of illegal firearms and ammunition ownership in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is the normative legal research method. The main data source in this study is secondary legal sources, consisting of Emergency Law No. 12 of 1951 and Law No. 8 of 1948 concerning the registration and granting of firearms ownership permits. The results of the study concluded that law enforcement against illegal firearms and ammunition ownership in Indonesia has been carried out in accordance with existing laws and regulations related to illegal firearms ownership, conducting investigations and law enforcement according to the facts in court and factors inhibiting law enforcement against illegal firearms and ammunition ownership in Indonesia in the form of legal factors, law enforcement, society, facilities and infrastructure, culture. The suggestion in this study is that there should be no difference in decision making and witnesses in law enforcement because of considering status, position, and economy so that law enforcement can be more optimal, and so that there are no obstacles to law enforcement, law enforcement officers need to increase supervision of the circulation of illegal firearms and ammunition through cooperation with community leaders, traditional leaders, law enforcement officers, and the media.

لتعلّم اللغة العربية  بعض من طرق التدريس والوسائل التي يمكن استخدامها. كما وجدت الباحثة أن نتائج طلاب الفصل الخامس منخفضة، بسبب عدم استخدام المدرس الوسائل التعليمية. يمكن ملاحظة ذلك من خلال وجود فرق بين الحد الأدنى للتحصيل العلمي في هذه المدرسة. متوسط ​​درجات اللغة العربية في الفصل الخامس في هذه المدرسة هو 62 بينما الحد الأدنى هو 70. تستخدم هذه الدراسة منهج البحث الكمي التجريبي. أما عينة البحث فهي جميع طلاب الفصل الخامس في مدرسة ابتدائية والي كوكون وعددهم 75 طالبًا. تم استخدام تقنية أخذ العينة بالطريقة العشوائية، حيث اختارت الباحثة 50 طالبًا من الفصل الخامس A إلى الفصل الخامسc  ، وتم تقسيمهم إلى فصلين: 38 طالبًا في الفصل التجريبي و37 في الفصل الضابط. تم استخدام تقنيات تحليل البيانات مثل اختبار التوزيع الطبيعي، واختبار الموثوقية، واختبار مان-ويتني. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن القيمة الاحتمالية sig < 0.05 تشير إلى رفض الفرضية الصفرية وقبول الفرضية البديلة. كما أظهرت المقارنة بين نتائج الفصل الضابط والفصل التجريبي بفارق 22،54 درجة في كل فصل. وهذا يدل على فعالية وسيلة التعلم "Scrabble" في إتقان مفردات اللغة العربية لدى طلاب الفصل الخامس.

Learning motivation is a key factor in students' academic success. This study aims to analyze the effect of intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and punishments on elementary school students' learning motivation. Using the literature review method, this research examines various literatures related to the application of reward and punishment strategies in education. The results show that appropriately given rewards can enhance both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in students. Intrinsic rewards, such as a sense of achievement and self-pride, encourage students to continue learning and develop independently, while extrinsic rewards, such as praise or gifts, provide external incentives that reinforce student motivation. On the other hand, punishments applied wisely can instill discipline and improve students' learning focus. However, rewards are found to be more effective in increasing student motivation compared to punishments, as rewards create a positive and enjoyable learning environment. Punishments, if overused or applied inappropriately, can negatively affect student motivation and lead to stress or fear. This study also shows that a combination of both approaches—rewards and punishments—when applied in the right balance, can produce optimal results in supporting students' academic development. These findings provide important implications for educators in designing effective learning strategies to enhance students' learning motivation, as well as the importance of a balanced and thoughtful approach to students' needs and characteristics.

This classroom action research aims to improve the learning outcomes of rhythmic gymnastics through the application of Project-Based Learning (PJBL) method to third-grade students of SDN Lidah Kulon IV/467. This research was conducted in two cycles, with stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques included final score collection and classroom situation observation. The research results showed an increase in student final score completion from 25 students (71%) in cycle I to 32 students (91%) in cycle II. The application of PJBL method proved to be effective in improving rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes. Therefore, Physical Education teachers at schools are recommended to implement the Project-Based Learning (PJBL) model in Physical Education learning to enhance students' skills and understanding of physical activities.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection for children who commit theft, as examined in Decision Number 33/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN Gns, focusing on how such protection is provided under Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System and the consequences of the absence of legal protection in sentencing children for theft. Using a normative legal research method that emphasizes positive law in the form of legislation and secondary legal materials as the primary sources, this study employs a statutory and case approach. The findings indicate that the decision has not optimally provided legal protection for children, as it does not fully adhere to the principle of the best interests of the child or the principle that deprivation of liberty and criminal sanctions should be a last resort. Moreover, the rights of children as offenders are not fully upheld, including the right not to be separated from their parents against their will. Consequently, if a child is sentenced to imprisonment, their relationship with their parents is severed, potentially leading to significant psychological and social impacts.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara kompetensi aparatur desa, transparansi, dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan dana desa di Kecamatan Kemusu Kabupaten Boyolali.  Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dengan menyebarkan kuisoner kepada responden. Instrumen yang dijadikan alat dalam pengambilan kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah berupa kuesioner yang terdiri dari beberapa pernyataan yang merupakan indikator penelitian yang terlebih dahulu telah melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Populasi yang dijadikan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Aparatur Desa di 10 desa pada Kecamatan Kemusu Kabupaten Boyolali. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga mendapatkan 60 responden yang terdiri dari Kepala Desa, Sekretaris Desa, Kaur Keuangan, Kaur Umum Perencanaan, Kasi Kesejahteraan rakyat dan Pelayanan, Kasi Pemerintahan. Teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa kompetensi aparatur desa dan transparansi secara parsial berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap pengelolaan dana desa serta partisipasi masyarakat berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengelolaan dana desa. 

Kualitas laporan keuangan masih menjadi topik hangat dalam era digitalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia, pemahaman akuntansi, dan sistem informasi akuntansi terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pada koperasi Mitra Sejati di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan data primer dari kuesioner yang disebar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai koperasi Mitra Sejati sejumlah 76 pegawai. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dari kriteria yang telah ditentukan pegawai yang memenuhi kriteria adalah sebanyak 50 pegawai yang terlibat dalam proses akuntansi dan pelaporan keuangan di Koperasi Mitra Sejati. Metode analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan pemahaman akuntansi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Penelitian kedepannya dapat ditambahkan variabel diklat akuntansi, kompensasi, dan akuntansi digital.

The JKN mobile application in Semarang City in 2021 has been used by 228,965 people, while it is not comparable to BPJS Health participants, which amounted to 2,664,532 people and if it is percented, only 11% of JKN mobile users. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of JKN mobile service quality on user satisfaction. This research was conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional design. The sample size was calculated using the Lameshow formula and the results obtained were 385 respondents with the inclusion criteria of JKN mobile users at the Semarang State University Service Center. This research was conducted from September to December 2024. The results showed that the core scale of service quality that has an influence on user satisfaction is efficiency (p value 0.000) and reliability (p value 0.005). The core scale of service quality that has no influence on satisfaction is fulfillment (p value 0.068) and confidentiality (p value 0.404).

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Accurate accounting software in financial report management at PT. XYZ). Accurate is utilized to enhance operational efficiency, recording accuracy, and real-time financial reporting. The findings reveal that the use of Accurate reduces recording errors and accelerates the financial reporting process. Integration features across modules such as purchasing, sales, and inventory improve interdepartmental data consistency. Additionally, Accurate helps the company comply with Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) and tax regulations through automated reporting. Key success factors include adequate employee training and feature customization tailored to the needs of manufacturing companies. This study concludes that technology-based accounting software not only improves financial data accuracy but also supports better strategic decision-making for management.

This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by education personnel in managing administration at SPM Tsanawiyah Musthafawiyah Purba Baru. Effective administrative management is one of the key factors in supporting the smooth educational process in madrasah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the education personnel at SPM Tsanawiyah Musthafawiyah Purba Baru has implemented various strategies in managing administration, including increasing competence through training, optimizing the use of information technology, developing a structured management system, and improving cooperation and communication between staff. Nevertheless, there are still some obstacles, such as limited human resources and infrastructure, which hamper the effectiveness of administrative management.

Consumer protection has been enforced through the regulation set forth in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). Skincare in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in recent years, alongside an increase in public awareness of the importance of self-care. However, this rapid growth has also brought about new challenges, particularly related to the phenomenon of overclaim in skincare. Overclaim refers to exaggerated claims about a product or service to attract consumers. This can lead to uncertainty among consumers and potentially undermine trust in skincare products. This study aims to identify this phenomenon, analyze its impact on the market and consumers, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations to enhance transparency and trust in the skincare industry in Indonesia. The research is conducted using normative legal research methods, with a legislative approach, and is analyzed descriptively. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insights for the Indonesian public and minimize the actions of skincare owners engaging in overclaim practices.

Indonesia has a grand vision to realize the Golden Generation 2045, a generation excelling in intellect, skills, and character by the centennial celebration of its independence. However, globalization and technological advancements in the Society 5.0 era have triggered character degradation, posing a significant challenge. This study aims to analyze the main challenges, the impacts of character degradation, and formulate strategies to build a generation with strong character. A qualitative descriptive-analytical research method was employed, collecting primary data through observations, and secondary data from literature studies. The results indicate that key factors driving character degradation include the influence of foreign cultures, technology misuse, and individualism due to digitalization. The impacts manifest in declining religiosity, nationalism, and rising consumerism and hoaxes. Proposed strategies involve integrating Pancasila-based character education into curricula, optimizing the roles of families and communities, leveraging technology positively, and strengthening digital literacy and local cultural awareness. In conclusion, holistic efforts through collaboration among formal education, family environments, and national value-based policies are essential to nurture a globally competitive generation while preserving cultural identity.

Community Service is the application of science and technology carried out at the state-owned enterprise (BUMNeg) Rajuno Hitipori in Negeri Rutong, Ambon City, as a partner fostered by Ambon State Polytechnic. The objective of this community service activity is to enhance the accounting knowledge of BUMNeg administrators and business unit managers and to provide an easy and adequate financial reporting system for BUMNeg business management.The method used is participatory action research in the form of training and mentoring for the preparation of financial reports for BUMNeg administrators and business unit managers using financial report preparation guidelines. The results achieved include BUMNeg administrators acquiring accounting knowledge and skills and being able to utilize the Excel for Accounting application provided for financial reporting.

Community Service is the application of science and technology carried out at the state-owned enterprise (BUMNeg) Rajuno Hitipori in Negeri Rutong, Ambon City, as a partner fostered by Ambon State Polytechnic. The objective of this community service activity is to enhance the accounting knowledge of BUMNeg administrators and business unit managers and to provide an easy and adequate financial reporting system for BUMNeg business management.The method used is participatory action research in the form of training and mentoring for the preparation of financial reports for BUMNeg administrators and business unit managers using financial report preparation guidelines. The results achieved include BUMNeg administrators acquiring accounting knowledge and skills and being able to utilize the Excel for Accounting application provided for financial reporting.

This service aims to analyze the improvement of learning quality at SD Negeri 173653 Nalela through the application of additional learning methods. This activity was carried out by HKBP Nommensen University students involved in the Community Service Practice Lecture (KPPM) program. The research method in this service is a qualitative analysis approach. To obtain the necessary data and information, observations and interviews were conducted. Information is obtained from direct observation, interviews, and also documentation in the form of photographs of activities. The results of this service show that this program has succeeded in increasing student motivation and understanding of the subject matter. In addition, the social interaction that occurs in additional learning activities creates a more supportive environment, so students feel more motivated. However, the challenges faced include the long distance between each elementary school student's home and the KPPM Group IX pokso. This additional learning work program is strongly supported by the Nalela village community as parents of children who participate in additional learning. This service suggests that the additional learning program be expanded to include more students and actively involve parents and the community. With a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that the quality of education in SD Negeri 173653 Nalela can continue to improve.

This service aims to optimize road signs in Nalela Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency, to improve accessibility for the community. Accessibility is an important factor in regional development, as it reflects how easily people can reach public services and economic opportunities. The research method used in this service article is descriptive qualitative, by conducting direct observation, in-depth interviews, and data analysis to understand the real conditions in the field. The results of the service showed that although most of the roads in the village were well paved, the lack of clear road signs resulted in confusion among road users. In this work program, HKBP Nommensen University KPPM students designed and installed informative and easy-to-understand road signs. This service successfully demonstrated that optimizing road signs can improve people's understanding in using the road and reaching various facilities. Hopefully, the results of this service can be a reference for similar efforts in other rural areas in Indonesia, so that accessibility becomes one of the priorities in regional development.

iNKT cells, sometimes known as the immune system's "Swiss Army knife," have become key components of cancer vaccination treatments. Glycolipids that activate iNKT cells, including α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), have been used to create self-adjuvanting anti-tumor vaccinations and can boost the immune response to co-delivered cancer antigens. The chemicals synthesis of ganglioside antigens, specifically (Neu5Gc) GM3 and GM3 antigen, and conjugations to αGalCer, and packaging into liposome as effective platforms for their in vivo deliverying are the main topics of this work. In mouse and human cell experiments, liposome containing, (Neu5Gc) GM3-αGalCer, GM3-αGalCer, and equimolar quantities of conjugates have thoroughly described and their capacities to activate iNKT cell has verified ex vivo. All subclasses of IgG antibodies were produced as a result of the candidates' potential to generate both TH1 and TH2 cytokines, according to in vivo immunization tests. Interestingly, this study shows serum antibody produced against the TACA were cross-reactive, both when they were produced separately and together. If tumor-selective antigens is selected, the ensuing antibodies response can be wider than expected, which has implications for future vaccine formulations.

In the art and science of dermatology, ridge patterns and surface markings are studied on the finger’s skin, palm, foot toes, and soles. It is helpful for research into illnesses that may have a hereditary component. Dermatoglyphics has developed into a practical instrument in the fields of biology, anthropology, genetics, medicine, and dentistry over the past few centuries. The state of medical dermatoglyphics today is such that different systemic illnesses are linked to fingerprint patterns. Breast cancer, smokeing tobacco, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, and several others were maintained. The sophisticated and contemporary uses of dermatoglyphics in the diagnosis of various oral, systemic, and dental conditions are covered in this article. It also emphasizes how beneficial dermatoglyphics is as a medical diagnostic tool for a variety of systemic illnesses. An approach to investigating the genetic relationships of oral, craniofacial, and systemic illnesses that is easily accessible, affordable, practical, trustworthy, and noninvasive is dermatoglyphics. Therefore, dermatoglyphics is a great tool for screening the population for numerous medical and dental conditions in addition to providing personal identification.

The combination of nursing, medical, and surgical sciences is often integrated into medical surgical nursing science. Medical surgical nursing is a branch of nursing that combines medical and surgical sciences to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is because nurses are required to have knowledge and technical skills that are adaptive to today's health world. In order to optimize this, a holistic study is needed to identify gaps that need to be fixed, both in terms of practice, development, and education. However, there has been no research that examines these things. Therefore, this study aims to explain the multi-perspective study of medical surgical nursing with a literature review. The method used is a literature review with various literatures from Google Scholar. The results of the study show that most of the scientific literature that studies medical surgical nursing has supported studies from the perspective of development, assessment, and education. Some of this literature can be used as a basis for reviewing and evaluating the world of surgical nursing more comprehensively so that it can be improved according to the findings of field research.