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This analysis aims to draw attention to the necessity of improving military-civilian interactions in order to promote peace in Borno State. The information used in the paper was taken from literary works of literature. The results demonstrate the critical necessity for good ties between the military and people in order to establish mutually beneficial partnerships that could result in peace during this period of insurgency in Borno State, Nigeria.  The primary focus of modern civil-military relations is how civilian leadership manages the armed forces in democracies. Therefore, the elements that influenced the connection between Nigeria's military institution and civilian leadership (2012–2021) were evaluated in this study. The study made the assumption that, since the establishment of the elected civilian government in May 1999, Nigeria's civil-military relations have been significantly shaped by the nature of the interactions between the military and civilian leaderships, the function of civil society, and the external environment. Among the factors found are the knowledge of civilian leadership, the military's readiness to follow orders from civilian leadership, the legal and policy frameworks that governed these leaderships, the functions of international actors, particularly advanced democracies, and civil society. The following results were obtained by using the qualitative content analysis method for data collection and evaluation: The Nigerian military was easier to control thanks to the civilian leadership's understanding of military issues; civil society's role as an advocate for liberal, democratic civil-military relations was very limited; the military's willingness to submit to established authority determined civilian control ability and the role of the international community in terms of its expectations and assistance in the region reform of the security sector fueled the potential for civilian command of the armed forces. 

The study looks at how elections in Nigeria and other countries set the stage for political succession. They once gave dishonest people and organizations the chance to carry out crimes of rigging to harm the electorate and other competitors. Stakeholders and the electorate are marginalized by unchecked manipulation, which results in their losing the election or having their votes stolen or canceled, all without their fault. This was the case prior to the introduction of smart card readers and permanent voter cards. The use of technology in Nigerian elections made it very difficult for results to be altered, either by dishonest people or by changing figures in an arbitrary and fraudulent manner. This electronic device is very difficult to copy or compromise due to its transparent application and built-in security mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the reasons why the smart card reader was necessary, the arguments against its usage, and its effectiveness in the 2015 presidential elections, as well as the possibility of more elections in the future.

The study looks at fiscal federalism, which is the distribution of resources between federating entities so that they can carry out their constitutional duties. The goal of this study was to identify the fundamental imperatives of fiscal federalism for the advancement of the country. In Nigeria's new democratic environment, the relative roles of the federal government, state governments, and local government authority (LGAs) in providing public services have become one of the most crucial subjects of candid and heated discussion. Federalism, fiscal federalism, and development were conceptually explained from the outset, and it became clear that the principles of fiscal autonomy and integrity are critical to the survival and ongoing existence of a properly federating form of government. In order to ascertain how the federal arrangements affect the provision of basic services in four crucial areas, the analysis will make use of fieldwork conducted in six states and twelve LGAs. primary health care, primary education, clean water and sanitation, and local roads that connect communities to marketplaces, schools, and medical facilities. The paper, which was based on Buchan Fiscal Residuum Theory, attempted to accomplish the study's goal by balancing the value of the public services returned to individuals with the payments paid. According to the article, the conflicting problems and difficulties of fiscal federalism may manifest as a misalignment between the functions of the different levels of government and the sources of money. According to the paper's conclusion and recommendations, it is important to make sure that revenue allocation encourages state and local governments to increase internal revenue generation rather than relying only on funding from In order to clearly define the duties to be carried out by each level of government, the federation account and intergovernmental relations issues should be examined and respected.

In recent years, the judiciary has faced harsh criticism for its tardiness in resolving electoral cases in a free and equitable way. Here, a Marxist theoretical approach is used to identify the issue contemplated. Every society's government should ideally endeavor to create a peaceful and habitable environment by enacting laws that safeguard the interests of its residents and those who live nearby. Since the judiciary, an arm of a democratic government, like the one in Nigeria, is tasked with upholding the law, it becomes quite concerning when this branch of the government is beset by charges and convictions of corruption.  It was suggested that corrupt judges who commit crimes should face a variety of penalties and sanctions, including the death penalty, termination from their position, and public humiliation by being imprisoned for a period of time. Supporting politicians who buy off judges to see through, they ought to be tried and found guilty of bribing public officials. Additionally, they ought to be disqualified from any political office they are running for, since this will lessen judicial corruption, which impedes the development of Nigerian democracy. This report examines Nigeria's problems with corruption. It uses case studies of two nations with comparable issues and histories to provide a comparative perspective. Some of the suggested methods for an efficient performance of oversight functions include evolving reforms, guiding media and civil society engagement, and involving citizens.  

This article discusses policies to improve AI literacy among college students. The development of technology in the digital era is increasingly rapid, and artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important part of various aspects of life, including education. College students as the next generation need to have good AI literacy in order to adapt to the changing times and face the challenges of the increasingly technology-based world of work. AI literacy is not only about understanding how this technology works, but also how to use it effectively and ethically in academic and professional life. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques, namely interviews and documentation studies that aim to examine the development of technology in the increasingly rapid digital era, and artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important part of various aspects of life, including education. The results of the study are then narrated in descriptive form. It can be concluded that AI literacy has an important role in improving the effectiveness of student learning and preparing them for competition in an increasingly technology-based world of work.

This paper is made in order to analyze the structure shifts in the story of the first day of world’s creation on Genesis. Category shifts refer as a grammatical or structural components change during translation between a source language (SL) and a target language (TL). This research aimed to find what type of category shift used and how the category shift implied in the story of the first day of world’s creation on Genesis.  The study revealed that all types of category shifts were used in total of 25 occurrences.  Structure shift was found occurring 20% (5 times), class shift was found occurring 36% (9 times), unit shift was also found occurring 36% (9 times) including 8% of low to high unit shift (2 occurrences) and 28% of high to low unit shift (7 occurrences), and intra-system shift was found occurring 8% (2 times). Class shifts and unit shifts were the most frequently occurring while intra-system shift were the least.   Keywords: Translation, Category Shift, Biblical Text  

This study examines the level of political participation among the populace and highlights the importance of elections as a key component of a democratic system. Scholars widely acknowledge that involvement in electoral processes serves as a primary indicator of how well a country has embraced the principle of social equality within the international framework. The study employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The quantitative instrument used was the Political Participation Attitude Scale (PPAS), while qualitative data were collected through the Focus Group Guide on Political Participation (FGGPP). The research posed and addressed three core research questions. The findings reveal that 57% of respondents did not actively participate in political activities. Gender was found to influence levels of engagement; 30% of male respondents and 13% of female respondents reported active involvement in political activities, while 38% of males and 12% of females consistently participated in voting. Furthermore, the survey indicated that a majority of respondents (53%) lacked trust in their political leaders. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria urgently adopt both formal and informal political education strategies to enhance civic awareness and participation. Additionally, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is encouraged to develop mechanisms that will ensure broader voter turnout in the upcoming 2015 general elections.

These tests assessed the electorate's degree of disinterest in voting. It investigated the reasons behind voters' indifference to voting. It also established the voting remedies disinterest from the viewpoints of the voters and, lastly, investigated how factors including socioeconomic position, political party affiliations, and educational attainment affected the voters' degree of voting apathy. The survey research design was used in the study. Using a purposive sampling technique, 350 electorates from seven faculties at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife made up the sample size. Before being used, a tool called the Voting Apathy Questionnaire (VAQ) was created and verified. Three hypotheses were investigated and confirmed, and three research questions were posed and addressed. Among other things, the results indicated that 50.3% of voters were indifferent to voting. Additionally, the degree of voting indifference among the electorate was significantly influenced by educational levels (² = 161.969a, p < 0.05). Rational Choice Theory was selected as the theoretical underpinning, and the study used both survey research design and secondary sources of data collection as information gathering techniques. The results showed that low levels of education and illiteracy are associated with poor political and voter education, particularly when it comes to the fact that the majority of voters (roughly 50%) fail to pick up their permanent voter cards and are therefore unable to be accredited to vote; that Nigerian politics is another factor, as it is known as a bitter and acrimonious politics; and that because elected officials have failed to fulfill their campaign promises, the electorate has lost faith in the government and finds it difficult to participate in the electoral process.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by increased blood glucose levels in the bloodstream or hyperglycemia, which is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion or abnormalities in insulin work. Physical activity can also affect blood sugar levels, one of which is the physical activity of foot exercises which is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of foot exercise activities in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Method: The research design used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach with a case study design. This research was carried out by providing foot exercise physical activity intervention for 3 consecutive days. Results: Based on the application of EBP, the results obtained from 3 patients who experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels before and after being given foot exercise therapy, there was an average decrease in P1 of 13.66mg/dL, P2 of 11.66mg/dL, and P3 of 13mg/dL every day. Suggestion: It is hoped that the results of this research can provide insight to diabetes mellitus sufferers in efforts to manage diabetes mellitus with foot exercise physical activity and be able to apply it.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemic conditions. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. DM is a global epidemic that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality, primarily due to microvascular and macrovascular complications. The number of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients has dramatically increased in the last 20 years. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus at Imelda Pekerja Indonesia General Hospital in 2024. The research method uses a descriptive method to describe the object being studied. The research population consists of 292 with non-probability sampling using the consecutive sampling method. A sample of 40 respondents. Using a questionnaire. The research results show that out of 40 respondents, 15 respondents (37.5%) have good knowledge criteria, 24 respondents (60%) have sufficient knowledge criteria, and 1 respondent (2.5%) has poor knowledge criteria. It can be concluded that there are two factors influencing a person's knowledge: internal factors and external factors. The internal factors are education, age, and occupation, while the external factors are the environment and socio-cultural aspects.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by elementary school students in solving multiplication problems and the strategies implemented by teachers to address them. The background of this research lies in the importance of understanding multiplication as a foundational concept for mastering more advanced mathematical operations. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, using interviews as the primary data collection technique. The findings revealed that students struggle with understanding multiplication as repeated addition, applying problem-solving strategies, and maintaining accuracy due to over-reliance on rote memorization without conceptual understanding. To overcome these issues, teachers implemented various strategies such as the use of interactive learning media, concrete manipulatives, game-based learning, gradual practice, and individualized guidance in collaboration with parents. These strategies have proven effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding, accuracy, and confidence in solving multiplication problems.

Understanding geometric concepts is an essential part of the mathematics learning process in elementary school. However, many fifth-grade students face challenges in grasping these concepts due to monotonous and less interactive learning media. These difficulties contribute to students' low comprehension of geometric concepts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of interactive media in strengthening students' understanding of geometric concepts in elementary school. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation. The findings reveal that less interactive teaching methods, the lack of concrete learning media, and an unconducive learning environment are the main factors hindering students' understanding. Increasing student participation and facilitating their comprehension of geometric concepts can be achieved by implementing interactive media such as digital simulations, animated videos, and educational games. Thus, interactive media can enhance students' learning motivation and create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere. By integrating interactive media into the mathematics learning process, students are expected to become more actively engaged, focused, and able to understand geometric concepts more effectively.

Purple yam is one of the tubers that serves as a source of antioxidants but has not been optimally utilized. Therefore, it needs to be diversified by processing it into snack bars. This study aims to develop snack bars made from purple yam flour, sorghum flour, and mung bean flour, which have the potential to serve as antioxidant sources and are preferred by panelists. In this study, snack bars were prepared using composite flour (sorghum:mung bean) and purple yam flour in varying ratios: 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 for the composite flour and 20%, 30%, and 40% for the purple yam flour. The snack bars were evaluated for color, texture, moisture content, antioxidant activity, and preference level. Selected samples were further analyzed for ash content, protein content, fat content, anthocyanin content, and crude fiber content. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The snack bars with a composite flour ratio (sorghum:mung bean) of 85:15 and 30% purple yam flour were identified as the best treatment, preferred by panelists and exhibite high antioxidant activity. These snack bars had a moisture content of 13.40%, ash content of 8.83% (db), protein content of 19.75% (db), fat content of 8.80% (db), crude fiber content of 9.54% (db), antioxidant activity of 68.02% (RSA), and anthocyanin content of 37.40 mg/100g

This study aims to analyze the forms and structure of social stratification portrayed in the animated film Zootopia, produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was chosen because it represents societal structures with various social layers through animal characters that reflect human social realities. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research, with data collection techniques involving observation and note-taking of scenes, dialogues, and narratives that illustrate social class divisions in the film. The study was conducted objectively without comparing it to the real-life society where the film was produced. The theoretical framework used in this study is based on Sorokin's theory, which divides society into three social classes: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Additionally, Soekanto's theory is applied, which classifies social stratification into closed, open, and mixed classes.The results of the study show that Zootopia presents a clear picture of social stratification. The upper class is represented by predators, such as lions and wolves, who hold power and have influential roles in the government. The middle class is symbolized by wealthy mice involved in mafia activities. The lower class consists of herbivores, who are perceived as weak, often discriminated against, and have limited access to power and resources. The film also illustrates an open class system, where certain characters from the lower class—such as Judy Hopps—are able to transcend social boundaries and achieve higher status through effort and merit.

The increasing presence of Generation Z (Gen Z) in the banking industry presents unique challenges, especially in highly regulated work environments. Gen Z employees prioritize work-life balance, seek continuous personal and professional development, and expect a more flexible and transparent workplace culture. However, the stringent regulatory requirements in the banking sector impose high job demands, administrative burdens, and intense supervision, which may lead to significant job stress among young employees. This study aims to explore the experiences of Gen Z employees in coping with regulatory pressures in the banking industry and to identify their adaptation strategies to manage workplace stress. Using a qualitative approach, the research investigates how leadership styles, job autonomy, and financial well-being influence Gen Z's stress levels and job satisfaction. Findings indicate that supportive leadership, clear communication, and flexible work arrangements can mitigate stress and enhance employee retention. The study offers practical recommendations for financial institutions to implement employee-centred policies that align with Gen Z's expectations while maintaining compliance with industry regulations.  

Isoflavones are compounds found in certain foods such as soy and may be used to reduce triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women. This meta-analysis aims to combine findings from multiple studies, with varying sample sizes, to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of isoflavones on changes in triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women. A literature search was conducted through electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The results of a meta-analysis of 10 research literatures showed that isoflavone administration had an impact on significantly reducing blood triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women under 65 years of age.

Inclusive schools are schools that accept students with certain special needs and implement a learning system by uniting students with special needs and normal students in one class. At SDIT Baitussalam, one of the inclusive schools in Prambanan, four totally deaf students have different learning abilities than normal students. This study aims to identify challenges, teaching strategies, and supporting factors for the success of English teaching strategies for deaf students in inclusive classes. This study used a qualitative descriptive method by interviewing three English subject teachers who had taught deaf students in inclusive classes. The results of the study found four main challenges in teaching, namely limited speaking ability, limited use of sign language, differences in cognitive development, and student learning motivation. In addition, there are six strategies applied in teaching English in inclusive classes, namely choral response, peer tutoring, visual representation and concrete objects, technology optimization, implementation of social interaction, and utilization of practice exercises. The success of implementing these strategies is supported by four main factors, namely support from educators and education personnel, parental support, availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, and support from friends and the surrounding environment. This research can help teachers find the right strategy for teaching English in inclusive classes, especially for deaf students, so that learning can take place more effectively and inclusively.

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Indonesia brings new challenges in personal data protection. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the legal framework in Indonesia in protecting personal data collected by IoT devices. This study identifies data collection and use practices, as well as uncovers existing legal loopholes. This study intends to conduct an in-depth analysis of the level of compliance with personal data protection laws in the context of IoT solutions. The normative legal research method with the library search technique is to search for journal or article materials related to the title and theme that the author is studying. Therefore, this study has a strategic goal to investigate the extent to which applicable regulations can be effectively implemented in the IoT ecosystem, with a special focus on security and privacy aspects that are the main pillars of personal data protection regulations. Based on these findings, this study provides policy recommendations to improve personal data protection in the IoT era, such as the need for a revision of the ITE Law, strengthening supervision by related institutions, or increasing public awareness.

This study uses a qualitative methodology and secondary source data to investigate election cheating and its impact on Nigeria's democratic consolidation. It will be examined using historical and content analysis. examination. Nigerian democracy's progress has been severely hampered by election tampering. According to the report, e-election holds enormous promise and might be the solution to voter fraud in Nigeria's electoral system provided it is properly deployed and funded. It starts by looking at the constitutional, legal, and theoretical underpinnings of electronic voting. Second, it examines the real-world obstacles to the adoption and deployment of an electronic voting system in Nigeria by learning from other countries. Nigeria's elections have fallen short of expectations thus far because of a variety of electoral manipulations that have prevented the nation from holding legitimate, free, and fair elections within her political system. In addition to undermining Nigeria's democratic consolidation, election cheating has breached the fundamental human right (right to lives) of a large number of Nigerians. This essay offers some crucial suggestions that could solve the issues of election tampering and explain how those actions can support the need for a democratic atmosphere,

Delays in filling in the School and Student Data Base (PDSS) by teachers at several schools in Indonesia, such as SMAN 1 Mempawah and SMK 2 Surakarta, have caused hundreds of students to risk losing the opportunity to take part in the National Achievement Based Selection (SNBP) in 2025. PDSS is an important database containing student and school information, including academic grades and other information required for SNBP. Filling in the PDSS is the responsibility of teachers, especially Dapodik operators and BK counselors, as well as school principals. This delay was caused by negligence in entering data before the specified time limit. As a result, students feel stressed and frustrated because they are threatened with not being able to continue their education to college. The delay in filling out the PDSS reflects a larger problem in the Indonesian education system, where adaptation to technology and development of the skills of teaching staff are urgently needed.