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This study examines the use of language registers in the kretek cigarette home industry environment in Sampang Village, Cilacap Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with the method of communication ethnography, this study aims to describe the form, meaning, and socio-cultural function of the typical terms used by workers in cigarette production activities. Data were obtained through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of linguistic artifacts. The results of the study indicate the existence of a typical vocabulary that reflects social identity, efficiency of work communication, and preservation of local culture. Terms such as klobot, mbako srinthil, tingwek, and ngeses are symbols of the social and cultural structure of the work community. This register not only has a literal meaning but also symbolic and contextual, and functions as an expressive, evaluative, and cultural preservation tool. These findings are relevant in the development of language variation teaching materials and strengthening the profile of students with cultural diversity characteristics.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of language learning, particularly in the post-pandemic era where self-directed learning through mobile applications and online platforms is increasingly common. This study explores the effectiveness of two popular digital tools LuvLingua and YouTube in supporting independent Japanese language learning among Indonesian university students. LuvLingua offers a structured, gamified approach suitable for beginners, while YouTube provides authentic and contextual exposure through real-life content. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this research involved twelve students from non-language majors who actively use both platforms to study Japanese. The findings reveal that each platform has distinct advantages: LuvLingua excels in foundational vocabulary and pronunciation, whereas YouTube significantly enhances listening skills and cultural understanding. The combination of both platforms yields optimal learning outcomes, although success heavily depends on learners’ motivation, discipline, and time management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-assisted language learning and provides practical recommendations for learners, educators, and content developers.

Low reading interest and skills in early elementary school classes indicate the need for efficient learning strategies. One method that has been proven to improve literacy skills is reading aloud activities. This study aims to explain the strategies implemented by teachers in improving reading literacy skills through reading aloud activities in lower grades. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The findings of the study indicate that reading aloud strategies implemented by teachers, such as selecting interesting picture books, using intonation and expression when reading, and reflecting after reading can increase students' interest and participation in reading activities. This activity also increases students' vocabulary and builds good reading habits. This study emphasizes the significance of teacher training in expressive reading and providing quality reading books in elementary schools., 

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Islamic children's music extracurricular activities in supporting the language development of children aged 4-5 years at TK Muslimat NU 200 Kureksari. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews with teachers and documentation of extracurricular activities. The results of the study indicate that Islamic children's music activities consisting of religious songs and Islamic prayers are effective in improving children's vocabulary, articulation, and understanding of language concepts. Children who participate in this extracurricular activity show significant improvements in speaking skills, mastery of new vocabulary, and understanding of the meaning of Islamic words used in songs. This study concludes that Islamic music has an important role in the language development of early childhood and can be an effective tool in fun language learning.

Name: Trini Dama Yanti. Student ID: 20030041. This thesis discusses the analysis of singing methods in early childhood language development at RA As-Syarif, Sibanggor Jae village. The research aims to determine (1) the language development of early childhood at RA As-Syarif and (2) the effectiveness of the singing method in supporting language development. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach, describing data processing results through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate significant progress in children's language development at RA As-Syarif, particularly in symbolic and complex language use. The singing method has proven effective in enhancing vocabulary, speaking skills, and children's confidence. This research concludes that the singing method creates a fun learning environment that supports early childhood language development.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the "Akhbārīyah" strategy in teaching Arabic news text reading and to analyze its impact on improving the Arabic language skills of fifth-grade students at SDN Puspan Maron Probolinggo. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Instruments used included observations, reading skill tests, and documentation. The results indicated that the implementation of the "Akhbārīyah" strategy significantly enhanced students' reading abilities, expanded their vocabulary, and improved their understanding of Arabic sentence structures. Furthermore, this strategy increased students' motivation and interest in learning Arabic through engaging and contextual news texts. These findings suggest that the "Akhbārīyah" strategy is effective as an alternative method for enhancing Arabic language skills at the elementary school level.

This article aims to identify and analyze strategies for developing Arabic vocabulary (mufradat) in the context of contemporary language learning. Mastery of vocabulary is a key pillar in language skills, encompassing listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities. Challenges in teaching Arabic today include low student motivation, limited learning media, and a lack of contextual and innovative approaches. Therefore, adaptive strategies are needed to meet the demands of modern times and technology. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing various scholarly sources such as journals, books, and research reports from the last fifteen years. The study reveals that effective strategies for vocabulary development include the use of interactive digital media, thematic approaches, project-based learning, and cooperative learning. The validity of these findings is reinforced through triangulation of sources and theories. Proper integration of these strategies has been proven to enhance vocabulary acquisition, student motivation, and active engagement in the Arabic language learning process. This study is expected to serve as a reference for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers in designing more effective and contextual vocabulary learning.

Loanwords are a linguistic phenomenon that reflects the dynamic nature of a language in its interaction with other languages. Arabic, as a language with a long-standing history in world civilization, has undergone processes of lexical borrowing from various foreign languages—phonologically, morphologically, and semantically. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms of loanwords found in the book Al-‘Arabiyyah Bayna Yadayk, one of the most widely used Arabic language textbooks internationally, including in Indonesia. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a contemporary linguistic approach. The findings indicate that the textbook contains numerous loanwords from languages such as English, French, Turkish, and Persian. These borrowed terms have undergone phonological and morphological adaptations to fit the structure of Arabic. This study reveals that the use of loanwords in Arabic language learning materials not only enriches the vocabulary but also reflects the openness of the Arabic language to global developments.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Drops app in improving Japanese vocabulary acquisition among beginners. Based on the theory of cognitivism, the study used a descriptive qualitative method with a sample of 21 subjects who answered 11 questions through a Google Form survey. Results showed that the use of Drops significantly increased the average vocabulary score by 43 % (from 28.5 to 40.7), which was influenced by the integration of gamification features and spaced repetition mechanism in the application. The majority of respondents (76 %) reported high satisfaction with ease of use, learning motivation, and effectiveness of visual illustrations, consistent with previous research on audiovisual and gamification-based mobile apps. However, about 24 % of respondents recorded medium to low scores on motivational aspects and interface appearance, indicating the need for UX/UI enhancements to expand adoption. Demographic statistics revealed the average age of respondents to be 18.38 years (Q1=17; median=18; Q3=20), confirming that teenagers and pre-adults are the main group of Drops users. The findings provide recommendations for both language education practitioners and app developers to optimize design and features to maximize vocabulary learning effectiveness.

This community service activity aims to improve the creativity and English language skills of students at Plempukan Elementary School, Kembaran, Ambal, Kebumen through Ecoprint tote bag making training. The method used includes three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. In the preparation stage, the team compiled a contextual learning module and prepared natural materials for Ecoprint. The implementation stage began with an introduction to relevant English vocabulary, followed by direct practice in making tote bags with the guidance of a facilitator. Evaluation was carried out through assessment of work results and joint reflection. The results of the activity showed that students were able to master basic Ecoprint techniques, understand and use English vocabulary contextually, and show increased self-confidence and active participation in activities. This activity proves that learning based on creative practice can be an effective medium in improving language competence and art skills in an integrated manner.

This study aims to examine the influence of students' dominant use of regional languages on their Indonesian speaking skills. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through observations and open-ended questionnaires. The research subjects were fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students attending TPQ Al-Muhajirin, located in a community where regional languages are predominantly used in daily communication. The findings indicate that students who primarily communicate in regional languages encounter several difficulties when speaking in Indonesian, including challenges in selecting appropriate vocabulary (72.2%), constructing grammatically accurate sentences (36.1%), code-switching between regional languages and Indonesian (86.1%), and a lack of self-confidence when speaking Indonesian (47.2%). In contrast, students who are accustomed to using Indonesian did not experience such challenges. To overcome these difficulties, students adopted various strategies, such as practicing speaking in Indonesian regularly (36.1%), seeking assistance from teachers or peers (55.6%), and engaging with Indonesian-language materials through reading and video content (5.6%). These results suggest that the dominant use of regional languages significantly affects the speaking skills of elementary school-aged children. Consequently, there is a need for more intensive interventions aimed at enhancing students' Indonesian speaking abilities, such as fostering an environment that actively supports the use of Indonesian in daily communication.    

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using history and geography texts as learning media in improving students’ Arabic language skills at Zainul Hasan Islamic Boarding School in Genggong Probolinggo. The background of this research departs from the need to present Arabic language learning that is more contextual and integrative, given the dominance of traditional methods that emphasize grammatical aspects alone. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with a case study method, involving classroom observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the integration of history and geography texts significantly improved students’ vocabulary acquisition, cultural understanding, as well as their reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. The obstacles faced include limited thematic teaching materials, lack of teacher training in content-based approaches, and the complexity of text language. The solutions offered include the development of thematic teaching modules, teacher training, the use of visual media, and collaborative learning strategies. This study concludes that the use of history and geography texts is not only effective in language acquisition, but also in building cross-disciplinary connections that support the holistic development of santri competencies.

This study addresses the development of Uno card-based learning media to support vocabulary acquisition among eighth-grade students. It focuses on two main issues: the effectiveness of the media in enhancing vocabulary comprehension and the challenges encountered during its development, particularly in relation to learning motivation. The primary goal is to evaluate the extent to which this media aids vocabulary learning and to identify any obstacles in the development process. The research follows the ADDIE model—Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. To ensure the validity of the learning media, expert validation was conducted by media, content, and educational professionals. Additionally, student questionnaires were distributed to assess the media’s effectiveness. The validation results showed that the content expert gave a score of 83%, the media expert 81%, and student responses reached 88%, indicating strong acceptance and usability. The effectiveness of the media was further supported by the pre-test and post-test results, with a Normalized Gain score of 61.01%, categorized as "effective." These findings suggest that Uno card-based media is both a valid and effective tool for vocabulary instruction in Arabic language learning at the junior high school level.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Syahrul Lughoh program in improving Arabic speaking skills among female students at STIT Madani Yogyakarta in 2024. The research uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental survey design, involving 36 respondents selected through purposive sampling from the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth-semester students. The data analysis shows a mean score of 3.384 and a mode of 4, indicating the program’s high effectiveness in enhancing Arabic speaking skills. Among the various activities, the Ilqoul Mufrodat program proved to be the most effective, with a mean score of 3.569, followed by Daurah Masyaikh (3.379), Kitab Al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik (3.351), and Arabic Fun (3.235). These programs contributed significantly to improving students' abilities in vocabulary, grammar, fluency, pronunciation, and confidence in speaking Arabic. Key supporting factors for the success of the program include a pesantren-based environment that promotes daily Arabic use, a strong academic culture requiring Arabic in both academic and religious activities, and an interactive teaching method based on halaqah. However, challenges such as rushed preparation, insufficient mentor training, limited facilities, and low student motivation hindered the program’s effectiveness. The findings suggest areas for improvement in future program implementations.

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the use of the flashcard method of the chain whisper game technique helps in memorizing and improving English vocabulary. The method used in this study is known as Classroom Action Research (CAR). Data were collected through documentation, observation, field notes, interviews, and tests. The researcher chose class VII, consisting of 24 students, as the subjects in this study. Based on the data obtained, it can be seen that there was a significant increase in students' vocabulary memorization abilities. This is evidenced by the average value of students in the pre-test and post-test 1, which increased from 56.25 to 67.91, or 11.66, while in post-test 1 and post-test 2, it increased from 67.91 to 77.08, or 9.17. This means that the use of the flashcard method through the chain whisper game technique in memorizing vocabulary can improve English vocabulary in class VII students of SMP 2 PGRI Rengas Bekri Lampung Tengah. It can be seen that this study concludes that the technique of memorizing English vocabulary with the chain whisper game can improve the memorization and understanding of class VII students of SMP 2 PGRI Rengas Bekri, Central Lampung, especially students' interest in learning to memorize vocabulary in learning English.

This research aims to increase student’s understanding of animal vocabulary materials in learning English in elementary school through the use of flashcard media. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with interview and observation techniques. Research results show that the use of flashcards as learning media can increase student involvement and motivation in the learning process. Students show a significant improvement in recognising animal names, characteristics, sounds and meanings in English after learning using flashcards. Observations during learning activities show that students are more active and enthusiastic, especially when playing flashcards in groups. This finding indicates that flashcards not only function as a visual aid, but also create a fun and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the use of flashcards in Learning English Language in elementary school can be an effective strategy to increase student’s  understanding of the material taught.

This study explores the application of English education focused on the topic of body parts, utilising musical resources as a supplementary tool for students in class IV-D at SDN 060871 Medan Timur. The research method used is quantitative with an experimental design through pre-test and post-test to determine the effectiveness of song media in improving English vocabulary mastery. The research results showed that before the application of song media, student learning outcomes were in the poor category with a completeness level of 54.54%. After implementing song media, there was an increase in student learning outcomes until they reached a completion level of 90.90%. This demonstrates that utilising music can aid learners in grasping and retaining English vocabulary with greater efficiency. Apart from that, the results of the confirmation questionnaire also showed that the majority of students gave positive responses to the application of song media in learning English. Therefore, song media can be used as an alternative learning method that is interesting and effective in improving student learning outcomes in mastering English vocabulary.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of using Word Wall as a learning medium to enhance student’s understanding in English language learning, particularly on the topic of parts of the body. A Word Wall is a visual medium consisting of a collection of specific words displayed on a large wall or board in the classroom, helping students recognize, memorize, and understand vocabulary interactively. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, collecting and analyzing various relevant sources. The results indicate that Word Walls are effective in improving student’s vocabulary mastery, which is a crucial component of English language learning. Students using this medium showed increased activity, enthusiasm, and confidence in practicing speaking. Additionally, post-test scores were consistently higher than  pre-test scores, indicating significant improvement in understanding. This medium also enhanced students' learning outcomes, with the percentage of learning completeness increasing from the first to the final cycle in several classroom action research studies. Thus, Word Walls prove to be an effective and engaging learning medium for improving students' understanding and learning outcomes in English language education.

This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in teaching English at SDN 101774 Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, especially related to low student interest in learning and difficulties in understanding Question Words (5W + 1H) material. This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with class teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that limited understanding, low student memory, and lack of active involvement in the learning process are the main obstacles in learning English. To overcome these difficulties, teachers apply various strategies such as peer dialogue, the use of picture dictionaries, gradual vocabulary memorization methods, and fun learning approaches through educational games. These strategies have been proven to help increase students' interest in learning and understanding of the material. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of innovation in learning methods and the active role of teachers in creating an interesting, interactive, and appropriate learning atmosphere for elementary school students.  

The family is the first and foremost environment that provides children with social and linguistic experiences. Parents and other family members serve as the child's first language model, significantly influencing their language development in the future. This literature study aims to analyze the impact of the family environment on the language skills of elementary school students. The study employs a literature review method by referencing previous research journals relevant to the topic.Through journal searches, five relevant studies were identified. The majority of these studies applied a descriptive method design with a qualitative approach, while some also incorporated ex-post facto quantitative methods. Despite variations in research findings, all studies consistently indicate that the family environment plays a crucial role in shaping children's language skills. Factors such as parental involvement, the frequency of verbal interactions at home, and the availability of reading materials contribute significantly to children's linguistic development. Additionally, supportive family environments, where parents actively engage in conversations and storytelling, positively impact children's vocabulary acquisition and reading abilities.Based on the literature review results, it can be concluded that the family environment influences children's language skills. While the findings of each study may differ, they share a common conclusion regarding the significance of family interactions in shaping children's reading and communication abilities. These findings highlight the importance of fostering a language-rich home environment to support children's linguistic growth. Future research is suggested to further explore strategies that enhance parental involvement in children's language development.