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English plays an important role in supporting students’ academic learning and future professional practice. In nursing education, students are expected to use English to understand field-related terminology, communicate in learning and clinical contexts, and engage with academic sources relevant to nursing. To support these needs, English instruction is commonly delivered through an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach that focuses on language use within the nursing context. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding how far ESP-based instruction responds to the learning difficulties experienced by nursing students. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the English language learning difficulties experienced by undergraduate students in the Nursing Science Program at the University of Bhamada Slawi. This study conducted a descriptive qualitative research design. Data were collected through a learning needs questionnaire and limited interviews involving undergraduate students from the Nursing Science Program at the University of Bhamada Slawi. The findings demonstrate that undergraduate nursing students experience a wide range of English learning difficulties across multiple language skills. These difficulties indicate that students’ English learning needs are diverse and extend beyond general language competence. English is required not only to support students’ current academic activities, such as understanding nursing texts and participating in clinical communication, but also to prepare them for future professional practice in healthcare settings where English is increasingly used. Based on these findings English teachers and curriculum developers are encouraged to design instructional materials and learning activities that align with the academic and professional needs of nursing students.

Students often have difficulty understanding the Solar System material given in elementary school science lessons using only conventional methods due to its abstract nature. This study creates and explains the advantages of "3D Solar System" learning materials with interactive puzzles and quizzes for sixth-grade elementary school students using the Qreatif Educative platform. Qualitative research methodology is applied to this type of library research. Scientific articles from the DOAJ and Google Scholar databases are scanned to collect data. After that, content analysis methods such as data reduction, classification, theory synthesis, and drawing conclusions are applied in this paper. The results of this study, the use of 3D media significantly increases students' cognitive interest and understanding because it provides more realistic and detailed visuals compared to 2D media. Qreatif Educative's interactive puzzle and quiz elements have successfully created a fun and engaging learning environment based on the psychological characteristics of elementary school children who like to learn through play. The conclusion of this study is that the "3D Solar System" media is worth considering as a creative alternative to improve the standard of science teaching and make it more interactive and student-centered.

The use of technology in learning represents a crucial innovation in education, evolving alongside advancements in science and technology. The utilization of technology allows the learning process to become more interactive, flexible, and capable of adapting to the needs and characteristics of students. However, in practice, the implementation of instructional technology still faces various challenges, such as limited access to technology, low educator competence, and uneven readiness among educational institutions This study aims to examine the utilization of technology in learning, identify the benefits obtained, and analyze the challenges faced during implementation. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative approach, conducted through a review of various literary sources including books, scientific articles, and relevant research findings discussing the application of educational technology The results of the study indicate that the use of digital technology such as interactive multimedia, e-learning, and augmented reality is able to enhance learning effectiveness, student motivation, and the quality of learning outcomes. Nevertheless, obstacles remain in the form of technological facility gaps, a lack of teacher training, and the slow adaptation of educational institutions to technological developments. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that the application of technology in learning requires adequate infrastructure support, the improvement of educator competence through continuous training, and supportive educational policies to ensure that technology utilization can function optimally and sustainably.  

This study aims to analyze the simultaneous effect of implementing Canva, an interactive visual media, in Science (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam/IPA) and the application of the Deep Learning approach (in-depth and contextual learning) in English on improving students' learning motivation at SMP Negeri 3 Galesong Selatan. Learning motivation is measured as a dependent variable crucial for academic success in the digital era. This research uses a Mixed Methods design with an embedded quasi-experimental model, supported by descriptive qualitative data through in-depth observations and interviews. The research sample consists of seventh-grade students who were the subjects of the Canva intervention in Science, and eighth-grade students who were the subjects of the Deep Learning intervention in English, each compared with a control group. The results of the paired t-test hypothesis test showed a significant and positive increase in students' learning motivation in both intervention groups. Qualitatively, Canva proved effective in visualizing complex Science concepts, facilitating understanding and creativity. Meanwhile, Deep Learning successfully contextualized English through authentic projects, enhancing material relevance and student independence. The main conclusion of this study is that the combination of visual technology innovation and the adoption of pedagogy focused on in-depth understanding is a transformative strategy for fostering strong intrinsic learning motivation at the junior high school level.

The writing of this thesis is motivated by the low creativity found in students, educators have not used a variety of learning models in learning Natural and Social Sciences. The purpose of this research is to increase the creativity of students in Natural and Social Sciences subjects using the project-based learning model for classV. This research is a class action research of two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class V students of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2024/2025 school year. At State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. The results of the research data analysis show that using the project-based learning model can increase student learning motivation in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. Details of the results of observations of students using the project-based learning model have increased from cycle I to cycle II with an average value of 66.66% in the less creative category and increased to 93.33% in the Creative category. It is concluded that using the Project-based Learning Model can increase student creativity in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru.

This research aims to analyze the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model to improve science learning outcomes for Class IV Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this research were Class IV students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. This research was carried out in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year in Class IV of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Tebo Regency. The results of this research are (1) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model to improve the learning process of Class IV MIN 2 Tebo Regency students, carried out through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of learning, (2) the application of the Think Pair Share Type Cooperative Learning Model (TPS) can improve the science learning outcomes of Class IV students as seen from the increase in teacher observation data from the average value of Cycle I, namely 78.12 in the "Quite Good" category to 90.62 "Very Good" in Cycle II. Furthermore, the increase in student observation scores with the average score in cycle I, namely 77.35 "Quite Good" increased in Cycle II to 88.25 "Good". The increase in the value of learning outcomes for the Pre-Cycle stage, namely 68.6 in the "Not Good" category, increased in Cycle I to 79.1 in the "Good" category. In Cycle II there was also an increase to 85.5 in the "Good" category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model can improve science learning outcomes for Class IV MIN 2 Students in Tebo Regency.

This study is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science subjects, particularly in the topic of energy transformation in fourth-grade elementary school. The lack of student engagement during conventional teaching methods is considered a major factor contributing to poor conceptual understanding. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effectiveness of interactive learning in improving students’ academic performance on the topic. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The participants were fourth-grade students at a public elementary school, with data collected through learning outcome tests and classroom observation. The results showed that the implementation of interactive learning significantly enhanced student participation, clarified the concept of energy transformation, and promoted deeper understanding. Students’ average test scores demonstrated a notable improvement after the interactive learning approach was applied. These findings suggest that actively engaging students in the learning process can serve as an effective strategy to address low academic performance in specific science topics. The implications highlight the importance for teachers to adopt more varied and engaging teaching methods to improve the quality of elementary science education.

Understanding scientific concepts in elementary school, particularly the topic of Earth's layers, remains a challenge due to its abstract nature. Low student interest and difficulty in visualizing geospheric structures highlight the need for more contextual and engaging learning media. This study aims to examine the effect of using audiovisual media on fifth-grade students' understanding of science concepts. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups: an experimental class using audiovisual media and a control class using conventional methods. The analysis revealed a significant difference in concept comprehension between the two groups. Students exposed to audiovisual media demonstrated greater improvement in understanding compared to those taught through traditional methods. These findings suggest that audiovisual media effectively support students in grasping abstract concepts through engaging visual and auditory presentations. The study implies that integrating interactive learning media is essential to enhance the quality of science education in elementary schools.

This study was motivated by the low level of understanding among fifth-grade elementary school students regarding the topic of growth and development in living beings. This condition affected their learning outcomes, which had not yet met the Minimum Mastery Criteria. The aim of this research was to improve students’ understanding through the application of active and contextual learning approaches. The method used was classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students from a public elementary school. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and concept understanding tests. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ comprehension after the learning interventions. The average student scores increased progressively from the pre-action phase to the end of the second cycle. These findings indicate that employing appropriate learning strategies aligned with the nature of the material and students’ needs can effectively enhance science concept understanding at the elementary level. The implication is that teachers should be more innovative in selecting instructional methods that actively engage students to create meaningful and enjoyable learning experiences.

Science education in elementary schools plays a crucial role in shaping students’ early understanding of natural phenomena, including the concept of force and its effects on objects. However, many teachers still face challenges in delivering the material in a contextual and engaging way, which affects student participation in learning. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the science content on the theme “the effect of force on objects” and to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in improving concept comprehension among fourth-grade students. A descriptive quantitative method was used with a simple experimental approach involving one class. The research instruments included observation, documentation, and posttest assessments. The results showed that 92.6% of students achieved the minimum mastery criteria after participating in the simulation-based learning process. These findings indicate that the use of simulations helps students better understand changes in motion and shape caused by force. The implication of this study highlights the importance of integrating interactive media and experiential learning approaches in science education at the elementary level to enhance student engagement and significantly improve learning outcomes.

This article aims to examine the role of visual media in enhancing elementary school students’ understanding of science (IPA) concepts through a literature review approach. The study was conducted by analyzing various references, including academic journals, instructional books, and educational articles related to the topic. The findings indicate that visual media plays a significant role in helping students comprehend abstract scientific concepts by presenting information in an engaging and visually accessible manner. Furthermore, visual media has been shown to increase students’ learning motivation and participation in the learning process. Therefore, the use of visual media is recommended as an effective instructional tool in elementary science education.

This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental design. Before receiving treatment, the experimental group and the control group were given a pre-test to evaluate students' science literacy. The location of the research was carried out on Jalan Lintas Riau, class IV SDN 0401, Pasar Ujung Batu Village, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research time was carried out in the odd semester in July-October 2024/2025. The sample of this study used 25 students, namely the experimental and control classes. The data collection technique for this study used tests and interviews. Based on the results of the study, the increase in students' science literacy skills was also strengthened by empirical findings in this study, where the average post-test score in the experimental class reached 80.16, much higher than the control class which only reached 73.20. In addition, the results of the t-test showed a very small significance value (p = 0.000056), indicating that the difference in learning outcomes between the two classes was not a coincidence, but a real result of the application of the CTL model. The fact that the experimental class showed lower variance in the posttest also indicates that the CTL model is able to balance achievement between students and reduce academic gaps.

This research aims to identify the effect of using skill exercises based on generative learning in learning and retaining the skills of handling and shooting in handball among second-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Anbar University. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of the second stage students in the College of Physical Education, who numbered (80) students, and they were divided into two experimental groups that underwent a skill exercise program based on the foundations of generative learning, and a control that used the traditional method. Skill tests were applied before and after a retention period to measure the level of learning and retention of the two skills, and the program was applied for two months. The results showed that the experimental group significantly excelled in the skill performance tests and in the retention test, which indicates the effectiveness of skill exercises based on generative learning in enhancing students’ learning and retention of basic skills in handball.

This study examined the effect of using Blind Map media on student learning outcomes in Social Science subjects at State 46 Pekanbaru Junior High School. Due to the low level of achievement and understanding of the material, this study used a quantitative experimental approach. Approximately 80 seventh grade students were purposively identified, with grades E and D as the experimental and control groups respectively. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the Blind Map media on learning outcomes, with t observation = 24.670 > t table = 0.304 and t observation = 24.670 > t table = 0.304, indicating the rejection of H₀. The effect size of 2.859 indicates a slow rate of change, suggesting that increased use of the Blind Map media can improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to determine the influence of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on students' creative thinking skills in Social Sciences (IPS) subjects at SMP Negeri 8 Gorontalo. Creative thinking skills are one of the 21st century skills that need to be developed in the learning process, especially in social studies lessons that require analysis and solving social problems. This study employed a quantitative approach utilizing primary data from questionnaires distributed to students at SMP Negeri 8 Gorontalo. The sample consisted of 30 respondents, and the data analysis was performed using simple linear regression. The analysis shows that the t-count for the project-based learning model variable is 6.060. To determine whether Ho is confirmed or rejected, the t-table was calculated at a 5% statistical significance level, resulting in a t-table of 1.701. The comparison indicates that the t-count is greater than the t-table. This leads to the rejection of Ho, implying a significant effect of the project-based learning model on students' creative thinking skills.

This study aims to determine the influence of teachers‘ teaching variation skills and learning interest on student’ learning activities, both partially and simultaneously, in the subject of Social Science for class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Atinggola. The study adopted a quantitative approach utilizing a correlational method. The Primary data were obtained through questionnaire. The sample of the study consisted of 64 respondents. Furthermore, the data was performed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that both teaching variation skliss and learning interest significantly influence students’ both patially and simultaneously. The partial influence of the teaching variation variable on learning activities is 29.6%, whereas the partial influence of learning interest on learning activities is 27,9%. The simultaneous influence of teaching variation and learning interest on learning activities is 57,5%, with the remaining 42.5% influenced by other unexamined variables.

This study aims to explore the influence of the Discovery Learning model on student learning outcomes and to assess the level of student learning activity on the material of light properties. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment. The study population included all fifth grade students of SDN 060928, with samples taken from 30 students of class VA who applied the Discovery Learning model, while class VB used the conventional learning model. The study began with a pretest, followed by a posttest after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. The instruments used consisted of a test in the form of 20 multiple-choice questions to measure learning outcomes and an observation sheet to assess student activity. Data analysis tools include validity, reliability, discrimination, and difficulty level tests. Statistical analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests, two-mean difference tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the average learning outcome in the experimental class was 77.66, higher than the control class which only reached 62.16. In addition, student learning activities in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model showed a significant level of activity with an average value of 76.30. The use of the Discovery Learning model has a positive effect on student learning outcomes and activities in science learning on the properties of light.  

Scientific literacy is the ability of students to understand, translate, use information, and evaluate scientific problems in everyday life through critical thinking. This study aims to measure the level of scientific literacy of fifth grade students of MIN 1 Balikpapan, including identifying possible misconceptions. Misconceptions themselves refer to errors in understanding or erroneous concepts held by students. For elementary school teachers, understanding misconceptions is very important because it can be a reflection to improve the quality of science learning in the classroom, which ultimately has an impact on students' scientific literacy abilities. The results showed that the level of scientific literacy of fifth grade students of MIN 1 Balikpapan was relatively high, with 63.3% of students understanding the concept of simple machines well, 13.3% of students not understanding the concept, and 23.3% of students experiencing misconceptions. According to Piaget's theory, improving students' cognitive abilities can be achieved through student-centered learning and encouraging active discovery. However, based on the results of the analysis of scientific literacy questions, three indicators were found that still had low scores (below 60%), namely indicators related to scientific design and science experiments.  

Identify the effect of the Deans model on improving students' mental motivation compared to students who learn by the methods used, measuring the extent to which the Deniz model affects learning the skills of preparation and receiving volleyball transmissions. The researchers used the experimental method, and the research sample included students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Anbar for the academic year 2024/2025, numbering (40) students; the following research tests were used for the purpose of achieving the research objectives Test the skill of receiving the transmission of the arms from the bottom, testing the skill of preparation from the top with the fingers, mental motivation test The skill tests and mental motivation were conducted after the research sample was completed after it completed the implementation of the program, and at the same time, the method and conditions in which the pre-tests were conducted.  The following statistical parameters were used. Calculates both the percentage values and the mean. And standard deviation. Torsion coefficient and T-test for correlated samples. Through the analysis of the evidence and its statistical processing, it was found that the values of (T) calculated for the test of the skill of receiving the transmitter, preparation, and mental motivation are all significant values when compared to the tabular value of (2.02) at the degree of freedom (39) and the level of significance (0.05). The research results showed that applying the Deniz model had a significant positive effect on mental motivation. It increased students' motivation and self-motivation, which contributed to improved mental performance and concentration during performance. The study also showed that using the Deniz model in training had a major role in improving the skills of receiving transmissions and preparation in volleyball. The ability to receive transmissions with greater accuracy has improved, allowing the ball to be directed more effectively for setup.

This research aims to evaluate the extent to which the use of visual media can improve student learning outcomes in social studies learning at the elementary school level. This research has been carried out using descriptive qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, namely literature study. Data sources include books, journals or previous articles and theses that have the same theme as this research. This research shows that the use of visual media has a significant impact on improving student learning outcomes in social studies lessons in elementary schools. Visual media helps students visualize abstract concepts, so that learning material becomes more concrete and easier to understand. This not only improves student learning outcomes, but also encourages their involvement, motivation and creativity in the learning process. Thus, the use of visual media should be routinely integrated into learning activities to achieve optimal learning outcomes and improve the quality of good education at the elementary school level.