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Sinta Fatmala Sari; Diana Ambarwati; Angga Permana Mahaputra

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service quality on consumer purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, at Chickenday Restaurant Trenggalek. The method used is a quantitative approach with data processing in numerical form to objectively test the relationship between variables. The research was conducted at Chickenday Restaurant, located on Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 20 Trenggalek. The research population consists of all consumers during the period of May–June 2025, the exact number of which is unknown. The sampling technique utilized probability sampling with a simple random sampling method, resulting in 96 respondents based on the Lemeshow formula. The data include primary data through questionnaires and observations, as well as secondary data from various sources. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The results indicate that product quality and service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with service quality being the more dominant variable.

Khusnul Khotimah; Lady Diana Warpindyastuti

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The increasingly competitive business world demands companies to be able to implement appropriate marketing strategies to improve consumer purchasing decisions. Price and service quality are important factors that influence consumer behavior in determining purchasing choices. PT Era Permata Sejahtera, as a company engaged in general services, has experienced a decline in profits in recent years, which is thought to be related to pricing policies and the quality of service provided to consumers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of price and service quality on purchasing decisions at PT Era Permata Sejahtera, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through distributing questionnaires to consumers of PT Era Permata Sejahtera, with a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 26 software, and equipped with validity tests, reliability tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficients of determination. The results of the study indicate that partially, price does not significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions, while service quality has a positive and significant influence. Simultaneously, price and service quality significantly influence consumer purchasing decisions.

Gilang Romadon; Sumarni Sumarni; Rohman Wilian

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of organizational support, work environment, and communication on employee performance at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPM-PTSP) of Muaro Jambi Regency, both partially and simultaneously. The method used is quantitative analysis with a population and sample consisting of all 44 employees, determined through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using a Likert scale-based questionnaire, and the analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study showed that (1) organizational support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, (2) work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, (3) communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and (4) organizational support, work environment, and communication simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The recommendations/suggestions from this research are expected to improve employee performance by enhancing organizational support through fair task distribution, reward programs, and development opportunities; creating a comfortable and well- equipped work environment that encourages productivity; and strengthening effective communication between superiors and subordinates as well as among employees through regular meetings and discussion forums.

Serlina Zuhrotul Azhariyah; Baju Pramutoko; Ririn Wahyu Arida

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the influence of Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. This research adopts a quantitative approach, focusing on the statistical analysis of the relationship between variables. The data were obtained from primary sources through the distribution of structured questionnaires to respondents. The population in this study consisted of all consumers of Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population is used as the sample due to the accessible number of consumers during the research period. Several analytical methods were applied, including validity and reliability tests to ensure the quality and consistency of the research instruments. Classical assumption tests were also conducted to confirm the appropriateness of the regression model. The study used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of the independent variables — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — on the dependent variable, namely Consumer Purchase Decisions. The results of the partial (t-test) analysis showed that each variable — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous (F-test) analysis indicate that all three variables together significantly affect Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar.

Enggal Fatwa Arifiana; Ustadus Sholihin; Nurali Agus Najibul Zamzam

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the extent to which service quality, product variety, and price influence purchasing decisions at Perdana Stationery Kediri. A quantitative research method was employed, involving a total of 170 respondents who were selected using accidental sampling techniques. The primary data were gathered through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire, and then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to assess both the individual and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on purchasing decisions. The results of the partial tests showed that service quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a t-value of 4.112 and a significance level of 0.000. Similarly, product variety demonstrated a significant positive effect (t = 3.905, p = 0.000), indicating that a wide selection of products can attract and retain more customers. Furthermore, price was also found to significantly influence purchasing decisions (t = 3.732, p = 0.000), suggesting that competitive and reasonable pricing remains an essential factor in consumers' buying behavior. The simultaneous test (F-test) showed that all three variables collectively have a significant impact on purchasing decisions, with an F-value of 45.672 and a significance value of 0.000. The model explains 45.1% of the variance in purchasing decisions, indicating a substantial level of influence. In conclusion, this study highlights that delivering high-quality service, offering diverse product options, and maintaining competitive pricing are key strategies for increasing customer purchasing decisions, improving market competitiveness, and fostering long-term customer loyalty.

Andhini Fitria Nurmalasari; Taufik Akbar; Zulfia Rahmawati

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

Iren Mailuhu; Nurlaela Eva Puji Lestari; Sudirja Sudirja

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Iren Mailuhu (64210645), The Influence of Competency and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok PT. PLN (Persero) PT. PLN (Persero) is a company owned by the state. The task of this company is to provide electricity distribution services and organize its main service units into several parts that are appropriate to the electric power system, such as generation, transmission and distribution. PT. PLN (Persero) in managing human resources needs to pay attention to the competency and work discipline of each employee in order to produce employees who are of good quality and superior performance. This research aims to determine the influence of competence and work discipline on employee performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection using saturated samples or non-probability sampling. A total of 56 respondents were sampled and the data obtained was processed using SPSS version 27 with multiple linear regression analysis techniques, The results of the analysis show that Y = 6.651, X1 = 0.625, Based on the coefficient of determination test, it was found that the two independent variables had an influence of 68.1% on employee performance.

Hermika Pinem; Arsyrah Fitri; Monika Ayu Lumbantoruan; Riski Lainatus Sifa; Ivo Selvia Agusti

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of facilities and service quality on customer satisfaction at Pertamina gas station Jl. Aksara, Satria Barat, Medan Perjuangan. A quantitative method using multiple linear regression was employed, with data collected through questionnaires from 30 respondents using accidental sampling. The partial test (t-test) results show that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, while facilities do not show a significant individual effect. However, simultaneously (F-test), both independent variables significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 60.9% indicates that customer satisfaction can be explained by the variables of facilities and service quality. This research provides recommendations for gas station management to continuously improve service quality to maintain customer satisfaction.

Muhammad Jaslin; Muh. Ichwan Musa; Agung Widhi Kurniawan; Zainal Ruma; Khaidir Syahrul

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Businesses and organizations frequently struggle with staff retention. At the Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, the goal of this study is to determine how career development and internal communication impact employee retention. Using the basic random selection technique, 45 people were chosen as a sample from the 83 government employees that make up the research population. After distributing surveys to gather data, IBM SPSS software was used for a number of statistical analyses. It was discovered that internal communication and career development had a positive and considerable effect on employee retention, both separately and in combination. Internal communication is rated at 1.381, while career development is rated at 0.825. The results of the study show that staff retention at the Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan is impacted by internal communication and career development.

Feby Anugrah Wati; Saepul Jamaludin; Putri Patricia Sihotang; Neng Erni Fitriani; Endang Silaningsih

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

One of the key elements in a company is customer service, which must be supported by a conducive environment. A supportive environment can be an added value for the company. Companies that sell products must consider that good service will create a positive image in the eyes of customers, making them feel that their needs are met. This study examines the service model and mechanism at XYZ Restaurant. The purpose of this article is to identify the model and mechanism used in the budgeting process at XYZ Restaurant. The research method employed is library research. The findings indicate that XYZ Restaurant applies both Top-Down and Bottom-Up budgeting approaches and is capable of adopting a combined budgeting approach. The budgeting process at XYZ Restaurant involves setting the company's vision and strategy, budgeting determination, communication and commitment, budget implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation.

Junia Rahmawatiara; Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih; Ratih Setyo Rini

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the impact of service quality and promotion on customer satisfaction at Alfamart in Depok City. The research uses a quantitative approach with data collected through questionnaires filled out by 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques include data quality tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination tests using IBM SPSS version 25. The results of the T-test indicate that service quality (X1) has a significant impact on customer satisfaction (Y), with a t-value of 2.851 > 1.661 and a significance value of 0.005 < 0.05. Meanwhile, promotion (X2) does not show a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y), with a t-value of 6.938 > 1.661 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The F-test shows that, simultaneously, service quality and promotion have a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y), with an F-value of 84.772 > F-table 3.090 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the coefficient of determination test, it is found that 63.6% of customer satisfaction is influenced by service quality and promotion, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors.  

Rahmad Pancipta Sukma; Ahmad Jauhari; Brahma Wahyu Kurniawan

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how customer satisfaction at the Honda Sinar Wijaya Motor Kediri dealer is impacted by factors such as location, pricing, and service quality. Quantitative research is what this kind of study is. Primary and secondary data are the methods of data collecting that are employed. At the Honda Sinar Wijaya Motor Kediri Dealer, 77 respondents provided samples for the study through the use of the incidental sampling technique. Literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires were used to gather the research data. Multiple linear regression analysis is the method of analysis that is employed. The t-test of the service quality variable showed a significant partial influence on customer satisfaction with a sig result of 0.001 <0.05, and the study's multiple linear regression equation was Y = 19,414 + 0.375X1 + 0.521X2 + 0.291X3. With a sig value of 0.001>0.05, price has a strong partial impact on customer satisfaction. With a sig. value of 0.017>0.05, location has a strong partial impact on customer satisfaction. With a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, the F test yielded the F count result. According to the analysis's findings, customer satisfaction at the Honda Sinar Wijaya Motor Kediri Dealer is significantly impacted by pricing, location, and service quality all at the same time.

Sohibudin Sohibudin; Lilis Lilis; Fadiyah Hani Sabila

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) is a company engaged in the field of marine transportation services, namely passenger ships, roro ships, container ships, pioneer ships and so on. Therefore, the importance of "service" to customer satisfaction (passengers) is very influential. Customer service can be defined as all forms of customer service in the form of services and in the form of goods which in principle are the responsibility and are carried out by PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) Medan Branch, in order to fulfill the needs of the community and comply with regulations and laws.

Yopie Irawan

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The development of the freight forwarding industry is increasing rapidly due to the culture of society that wants everything to be practical. Developing technology has had a major impact in bringing changes to various areas of people's lives over time. Research objects include quality, price perception, and consumer purchasing decisions, Population is not just the number of objects or subjects studied, samples are part of the population that is expected to represent the entire population, To obtain respondents' perceptions related to Service Quality, Price Perception, and Purchasing Decisions, researchers distributed questionnaires online The service quality indicator table shows that the points that must be set are mainly facilities and consumer needs to continue to increase consumer desires. The price perception indicator table shows that the points that must be set by sellers to determine a suitable price so that consumers can enjoy price affordability where the relationship with price affordability is the quality of the product whether it is appropriate The development of the freight forwarding industry is increasing in the era of globalization due to the practical demands of society. Service Quality and Price Perception determine the consumer's desire to buy the product being sold, the points determined by the consumer are usually: 1. Consumer facilities and needs 2. Price affordability 3. Product quality   Keywords: Consumer, Quality, Product, Technology   Abstrak. Perkembangan industri jasa pengiriman barang meningkat dengan semakin pesat disebabkan oleh budaya masyarakat yang menginginkan serba praktis. Teknologi yang berkembang sudah memberikan dampak besar dalam membawa perubahan pada berbagai macam bidang kehidupan masyarakat seiring berjalannya waktu. Objek Penelitian meliputi kualitas, persepsi harga, dan keputusan pembelian konsumen, Populasi bukan sekedar jumlah yang ada pada obyek atau subyek yang dipelajari, sampel adalah bagian dari populasi yang diharapkan dapat mewakili keseluruhan populasi, Untuk mendapatkan persepsi responden berkaitan dengan Kaulitas Layanan, Persepsi Harga, dan Keputusan Pembelian, peneliti menyebarkan kuesioner by onlinePada tabel indicator kualitas pelayanan menunjukan bahwa point yang harus ditetapkan terutama fasilitas dan kebutuhan konsumen untuk terus meningkatkan keinginan konsumen. Pada tabel indicator persepsi harga menunjukan bahwa point yang harus ditetapkan penjual untuk menentukan harga yang cocok agar dapat dinikmati konsumen keterjangkauan harga dimana yang ada hubungan dengan keterjangkauan harga yaitu kualitas produk apakah sesuaiPerkembangan industri jasa pengiriman barang meningkat dalam era globalisasi karena tuntutan praktis masyarakat. Kualitas Layanan dan Persepsi Harga menentukan keinginan konsumen untuk membeli produk yang dijual, point yang ditentukan oleh konsumen biasanya : 1. Fasilitas dan Kebutuhan konsumen 2. Keterjangkauan harga 3. Kualitas Produk    

Rizda Nirmala Sari

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study discusses the impact of remote work on employee engagement and productivity in the post-pandemic era, focusing on public relations management and public service. The aim of the research is to analyze how the implementation of remote work affects employee performance and to identify managerial strategies that can enhance their engagement. The method used is literature research, collecting data from various relevant sources. The findings indicate that while remote work can enhance productivity, challenges such as burnout and communication difficulties persist. The implications of this research provide guidance for organizations to develop more effective remote work models that support employee well-being and encourage the adoption of appropriate technologies to enhance engagement in the workplace.

Dede Ipan; Darmeinis Darmeinis

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the performance of human resources in the Directorate of Civil Service Status at the State Civil Service Agency in handling service problems or ASN status cases. Labor productivity is influenced by various factors related to the workforce itself as well as those related to the company environment and government policies as a whole, such as education, skills, discipline, attitude and work ethics. Research methods are classified based on the objectives and level of natural setting of the object, research methods can be classified into basic research objectives, applied research methods and research and development. In this study, the researcher chose the type of Qualitative research to present and describe in detail and in detail the analysis of employee productivity in serving ASN performance problems at the Directorate of Civil Service Status of the BKN. Research Results Overall, the quality of service at the Directorate of Civil Service Status of the State Civil Service Agency (BKN) can be categorized as very good, supported by clarity of information, ease of access through various communication channels, and employee responsiveness in handling complaints. The completeness of the files submitted by the proposing agency greatly affects the speed of the service process. When the files are complete, the process can run quickly and efficiently. However, incomplete files are often the cause of delays in service. and the use of technology, such as the ASN SI application, is very helpful in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of services. Technology allows ASN to access information and services more quickly and easily.

Rahmat Pratama; Iswati Iswati

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

In the era of globalization and advances in information technology, business competition in various sectors is getting tighter, including in retail industries such as supermarkets. Supermarkets are not only a place to meet daily needs, but also become part of the busy lifestyle of urban people. In this context, the quality of services and products offered by a supermarket has a very important role in maintaining and increasing market share and customer satisfaction. The survey was conducted both directly in the Super Indo Kenjeran Supermarket area and online through an online survey platform. The survey design used is a cross-sectional survey, where data is collected at one particular point in time to measure the relationship between the variables studied. In this context, research on the effect of service quality and product quality on customer satisfaction at PT. Lion Super Indo Kenjeran becomes relevant and important to do. With a better understanding of the factors that affect customer satisfaction, PT. Lion Super Indo Kenjeran can identify areas that need improvement and design more effective strategies in maintaining and increasing customer loyalty. Lion Super Indo as one of the leading supermarkets in Indonesia, with a long history and strong reputation, certainly does not escape from increasingly fierce business competition. Therefore, a deep understanding of the factors that affect customer satisfaction is a strategic key in maintaining the existence and developing the business of PT. Lion Super Indo.

Jelita Amalia Putri; Iswati Iswati; Siti Aisah; Anis Fitriyasari

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research is aimed at understanding in more detail "quality of service and price on customer satisfaction" in accordance with the problem raised, which is the effect of service quality and price on customer satisfaction at Drug Store Rafa Farma Surabaya. The researcher assumes that service quality and price have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. This research uses primary data obtained from direct observation and questionnaires distributed to respondents, which will then be analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Annisa Pratiwi Utami; Ratnawaty Marginingsih

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Customer loyalty is the mst important key in a company, because it can increase profits and determine the survival of a company. Loyalty can be formed by good quality service and customer satisfaction resulting from the services provided by the company. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at PT. Wahana Logistics Achievement Bogor Branch Ciriung Mayor Oking. This research uses quantitative methods with SPSS Version 25 software. The samples used for data collection were customer of PT.Wahana Achievement Logistics consisted of 60 respondents with sampling using random sampling. The coefficient of determination test results (R2) use an adjusted R-square value of 0,677, wich means that 67,7% of service quality (X1) and costomer satisfaction (X2) have an influence on costomer loyalty, and the remaining 32,3% is influenced by variables not researched by the author. The results of the f test simultaneously show that the variables of service quality and customer satisfaction and positive effect with a sig value of 0,000 < 0,05 and Fcount of 62,722 > 4,007 Ftable on the costomer loyalty variable. From the calculation of the results of the multiple linear regression test, it shows that costomer loyalty is influenced by the service quality variable equal to b1 = 0,620 and the costomer satisfaction variable b2 = 0,301

Natria Aminarti; Rayyan Firdaus

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Binjai is one of the PLN units that supply electricity to the community. Digital services launched by PLN in the form of PLN Mobile continue to be developed to meet customer needs and satisfaction as well as ease of access. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of efficient customer service through the use of PLN Mobile in UP3 Binjai. The literature review method is used to collect research data by using literature studies to collect materials from books and scientific journals regarding the use of PLN Mobile. From the results of the study, the PLN Mobile application provides benefits for the UP3 Binjai community to find solutions to customer electricity problems, ranging from applying for new electricity installations, checking bills, switching power, responding to complaints and power outages, to purchasing electricity tokens. However, there is a weakness, namely when customers check their bills, customers cannot see information on how much Rupiah is charged, only the month billed. This PLN Mobile application will also have a positive impact on customers and PLN employees because it is more efficient and saves time and energy for customers and employees in resolving customer complaints.