This study aims to analyze unilateral control of partnership cooperation from the perspective of business competition law and the principle of benefit (istislah), as well as to review the competence of the authority of the KPPU decision Number 02/KPPU-K/2023 in providing protection to small businesses, namely plasma farmers. This study uses a normative legal research method with a judicial case approach, which examines laws and regulations related to business partnerships and KPPU decisions as the main material for analysis. The data used comes from legal documents, partnership agreements, laws and regulations, and KPPU decisions, which then this analysis technique is normative juridical. The results of the study show that PT Hardaya Inti Plantations was proven to have violated Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law Number 20 of 2008, because it unilaterally controlled small businesses (farmer cooperatives), did not provide transparent financial accountability reports, and set the purchase price of fresh fruit bunches not in accordance with government regulations. This has implications for financial losses for plasma farmers, who are burdened with debt without a clear payment mechanism for losses in unilateral control of large businesses that monopolize the partnership system. In terms of perspective, this practice is contrary to the principles of justice and welfare, because it harms the weaker party in the partnership. As a suggestion, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and supervision from the KPPU, including the application of stricter sanctions against large business actors who abuse partnerships. In addition, transparency in partnership agreements must be clarified through more detailed regulations, as well as legal assistance for plasma farmers so that they have a stronger bargaining position in partnership agreements.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penguasaan sepihak kerja sama kemitraan dalam perspektif hukum persaingan usaha dan prinsip kemaslahatan (istislah),serta meninjau kopetensi kewenangan putusan KPPU Nomor 02/KPPU-K/2023 dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada usaha kecil yakni petani plasma.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yudisial case kasus (case approach), yang mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan terkait kemitraan usaha serta putusan KPPU sebagai bahan utama analisis. Data yang digunakan berasal dari dokumen hukum, perjanjian kemitraan, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta putusan KPPU, yang kemudian teknik analisa ini bersifat yuridis normatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Hardaya Inti Plantations terbukti melanggar Pasal 35 ayat (1) UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2008, karena menguasai usaha kecil (koperasi tani) secara sepihak, tidak memberikan laporan pertanggungjawaban keuangan yang transparan, serta menetapkan harga pembelian tandan buah segar tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan pemerintah. Hal ini berimplikasi pada kerugian finansial bagi petani plasma, yang terbebani utang tanpa kejelasan mekanisme pembayaran atas dari kerugian dalam penguasaan sepihak dari pada usaha besar yang memonopili sistem kemitraan. Dalam perspektif istislah, praktik ini bertentangan dengan prinsip keadilan dan kemaslahatan, karena merugikan pihak yang lebih lemah dalam kemitraan.Sebagai saran, diperlukan penguatan regulasi dan pengawasan dari KPPU, termasuk penerapan sanksi yang lebih tegas terhadap pelaku usaha besar yang menyalahgunakan kemitraan. Selain itu, transparansi dalam perjanjian kemitraan harus diperjelas melalui regulasi yang lebih detail, serta pendampingan hukum bagi petani plasma agar mereka memiliki posisi tawar yang lebih kuat dalam perjanjian kemitraan.

The act against the law is part of legal relation sourced from the law as a result of human deeds against the law intentionally or unintentionally causing the relationship and the 1 consequence of the law for someone’s responsibility in the loss due to reinforcement of other person or animal or things under his authority or supervision. Therefore, the act against the law become important to be highlited especially after having the development of substantial meaning. The focus of this observation is on the useful message covered by wide intepretation and basic thought on it, does not include substantial material using the normative judicial method. The research showed that new paradigm causing the emerge of wide interpretation through the act against the law after 31 January 1919 for Lindenbaum-Cohen cases started from Hoge Raad (Dutch Supreme Court) response over justice seekers that their interests were overruled and caused the loss but can not be processed through law formulation at the time. Therefore, through the awareness and courages, Hoge Raad (Dutch Supreme Court) applied progressive thought as the breakthrough in answering the deadlock of positive law. The act of Hoge Raad reflected implementation of the awareness and deep understanding of carrying out the law correctly by returning law position as justice guarantee at once to declare that law for human not human for law. Unfortunately, in our nation’s context, the act of Hoge Raad does not contribute the inspiration for most of us in progressive law. There are a lot of us being trapped rigidly by legalism positivism that admitted act as the only law and absolute guidance. It is not justified outside it because it is not the law.
 
Abstrak
Perbuatan melawan hukum merupakan bagian dari perikatan yang bersumber dari undang-undang akibat perbuatan manusia yang melawan hukum, baik karena kesengajaan maupun karena kelalaian yang melahirkan hubungan serta akibat hukum bagi seseorang untuk mempertanggungjawabkan kerugian akibat perbuatannya atau perbuatan orang lain atau binatang ataupun barang/benda yang berada di bawah kekuasaan atau tanggungannya ataupun pengawasannya. Itu sebabnya perbuatan melawan hukum menjadi penting untuk disoroti, terutama setelah mengalami perkembangan makna substansinya. Objek kajian ini lebih terfokus pada pesan makna yang terkandung dalam penafsiran yang luas dan landasan pemikiran yang menyertainya, bukan pada substansi materi di dalamnya, dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma baru yang mendasari lahirnya penafsiran luas terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum pasca 31 Januari 1919 dalam kasus Lindenbaum-Cohen adalah bermula dari respons Hoge Raad (Mahkamah Agung Belanda) atas kegelisahan para pencari keadilan yang kepentingannya dilanggar dan menimbulkan kerugian, tetapi senantiasa tidak bisa diproses melalui formulasi hukum yang berlaku saat itu. Oleh karena itu dengan kesadaran dan keberanian, Hoge Raad menggunakan cara berpikir progresif sebagai terobosan untuk menjawab kebuntuan hukum positif. Tindakan Hoge Raad itu mencerminkan implementasi suatu kesadaran dan pengertian yang mendalam tentang cara berhukum yang benar yakni dengan mengembalikan posisi hukum sebagai pemberi jaminan keadilan sekaligus mengikrarkan bahwa hukum untuk manusia dan bukan manusia untuk hukum. Sayangnya dalam konteks bangsa kita, tindakan Hoge Raad itu belum menjadi inspirasi menyeluruh bagi terbanyak kita dalam berhukum dengan pikiran progresif. Masih lebih banyak kita yang terbelenggu dengan kekakuan pikiran ajaran legisme/positivisme hukum yang hanya mengakui undang-undang sebagai satu satunya hukum dan pedoman absolut. Diluar itu tidak dibenarkan, sebab bukan hukum. 

The crime of sexual abuse against minors is a serious issue faced within the Indonesian legal system. This crime has long-term impacts on the victims and can potentially destroy the future of the child. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies regarding sexual abuse of minors, as well as the underlying factors contributing to the occurrence of such crimes. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach by collecting secondary data through literature studies and legal documents, as well as primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that although laws related to child protection are in place, the implementation of law enforcement still faces various challenges. Additionally, social and psychological factors influence the frequency of sexual abuse against children. This research recommends an increase in legal socialization and the strengthening of law enforcement to better protect children from sexual crimes.
 
Abstrak
Kejahatan pencabulan terhadap anak di bawah umur merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kejahatan ini memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap korban dan dapat merusak masa depan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan hukum pidana terkait pencabulan terhadap anak, serta faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dan dokumen hukum, serta data primer melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak sudah ada, implementasi penegakan hukum masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Selain itu, faktor sosial dan psikologis juga memengaruhi frekuensi terjadinya pencabulan terhadap anak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan sosialisasi hukum dan penguatan penegakan hukum untuk melindungi anak-anak dari kejahatan seksual.

The circulation of ilegal cigarettes in the working are of the Parepare Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office KPPBC) is a problem that has an impact on state revenue and healthy business competition. Illegal cigarettes, both those without excise and those using counterfeit excise tapes, harm the state in terms of tax revenue and have the potential to endanger public health. This study aims to analyze law conferment efforts carried out by customs in tackling the circulation of illegal cigarettes in Parepare, including supervision strategies, prosecution and obstacles faced in policy implementation. The method used is a qualitative approach with data analysis from official customs reports, interviews with relevant parties and documentation. The results showed that Parepare Customs has taken various preventive and repressive measures suchs as market operations, land and sea patrol and cooperation with other agencies to suppress the circulation of illegal cigarettes. Howover, there are still several challanges such as limited resources and increasingly complex illegal distribution networks. Therefore, further synergy between the government, law enforcement officials and the community is needed in combating the circulation of illegal cigarettes in order to create a fair trading environment and increase state revenue from the excise sector.
 
Abstrak
Peredaran rokok ilegal di wilayah kerja Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean C Parepare menjadi permasalahan yang berdampak pada penerimaan negara serta persaingan usaha yang sehat. Rokok ilegal, baik yang tidak bercukai maupun menggunakn pita cukai palsu, merugikan negara dari sisi penerimaan pajak serta berpotensi membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya penegakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Bea Cukai dalam menanggulangi peredaran rokok ilegal di wilayah kerja KPPBC Parepare, termasuk strategi pengawasan, penindakan serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasi kebijakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis data dari laporan resmi Bea Cukai, wawancara dengan pihak terkait serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Bea Cukai Parepare telah melakukan berbagai langkah preventif dan represif seperti operasi pasar, patroli darat dan laut serta kerja sama dengan instansi lain untuk menekan peredaran rokok ilegal. Namun, masih terdapat beberapa tantangan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya dan jaringan distribusi ilegal yang semakin kompleks. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sinergi lebih lanjut antara pemerintah, aparat penegak hukum dan masyarakat dalam memberantas rokok ilegal guna menciptakan lingkungan perdagangan yang adil dan meningkatkan penerimaan negara dari sketor cukai.

This study aims to analyse the punishment of the perpetrators of fraudulent investment based on Decision No.2/Pid.B/2022/PN.JPA at the Jepara District Court. This case involved the defendant Yenimatul Anggraini who was sentenced to imprisonment for three years because she was found guilty of committing fraud which resulted in material losses for many victims. This research uses normative juridical method with case approach and legislation supported by primary and secondary data. The results showed that the criminalisation of the perpetrators of fraudulent investment is based on various considerations, including material losses experienced by victims, social and psychological impacts, and evidence presented during the trial. The judge considered the victim's testimony, evidence of fund transfers, and the overall impact on the victim's life. In addition, this research found that sentencing aims not only to punish the perpetrator but also to provide a deterrent effect and prevent similar incidents in the future. This reflects the importance of sentencing as a tool to protect society and provide justice for victims. This research recommends strengthening regulation and supervision of investment activities to prevent fraudulent investment. In addition, public education on the risks and signs of investment fraud needs to be improved to protect potential investors. Efforts to provide restitution to victims must be strengthened so that victims can recover from their losses. Sentencing policies also need to be further developed to ensure that the penalties imposed on perpetrators can provide an effective and fair deterrent effect. Cooperation between law enforcement agencies, financial institutions, and educational institutions should be improved to create a more effective system in preventing and handling fraudulent investment cases.
 
Abstrak
Pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penipuan investasi bodong berdasarkan Putusan No.2/Pid.B/2022/PN.JPA di Pengadilan Negeri Jepara. Kasus ini melibatkan terdakwa Yenimatul Anggraini yang dijatuhi pidana penjara tiga tahun dikarenakan telah terbukti melakukan kesalahan dengan tindakan penipuan yang mengakibatkan kerugian materiil dan menimbulkan banyak korban. Tindak pidana penipuan investasi bodong ini semakin marak serta merusak kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap sistem investasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan kasus beserta peraturan perundang-undangan, juga data sekunder yang menjadi data utama yang didukung data primer. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwasanya pemidanaan pada pelaku tindak pidana penipuan investasi bodong didasarkan pada berbagai pertimbangan, termasuk kerugian materiil korban, dampak sosial dan psikologis, serta bukti-bukti persidangan. Hakim mempertimbangkan alat bukti dan keterangan korban, seperti bukti transfer dana, dan dampak keseluruhan pada kehidupan korban. Pemidanaan tidak hanya memiliki tujuan menghukum pelaku melainkan juga membentuk efek jera serta menjadi pencegah akan adanya kejadian yang sama di masa mendatang. Hal ini mencerminkan pentingnya pemidanaan sebagai alat melindungi masyarakat dan memberikan keadilan bagi korban. Edukasi masyarakat mengenai risiko dan tanda- tanda penipuan investasi perlu ditingkatkan untuk melindungi calon investor. Upaya untuk memberikan restitusi kepada korban harus diperkuat agar korban dapat pulih dari kerugian yang dialami. Kebijakan pemidanaan perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan hukuman yang dijatuhkannya pada pelaku mampu menjadikan efek jera yang efektif dan adil. Kerjasama antara lembaga penegak hukum, lembaga keuangan, sekaligus institusi pendidikan perlu melakukan peningkatan untuk menciptakan sistem yang cenderung efektif dalam menjadi pencegah beserta menangani kasus penipuan investasi bodong.

This study aims to analyze law enforcement in collecting Income Tax (PPh) against foreign companies that have the status of foreign taxpayers in Indonesia in a normative legal manner. In a national economic situation that is experiencing a slowdown, optimizing tax revenues is an important strategy for the government to improve fiscal stability and economic growth. Foreign companies, both those running businesses through Permanent Establishments (PE) or without PE, are subject to tax obligations on income earned in Indonesia. Law enforcement in tax collection is carried out through a preventive approach such as the establishment of the Directorate of International Taxation, the implementation of the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI), and intensive supervision of Tax Returns (SPT). In addition, a repressive approach in the form of tax audits and tax collection is strictly carried out against domestic business entities that act as tax collectors for foreign companies. This study concludes that the combination of preventive and repressive efforts carried out by the Directorate General of Taxes is effective in ensuring compliance with foreign taxpayers and increasing state revenues from the international taxation sector.

Cancer is a chronic disease that poses a major challenge to global health, with increasing mortality rates. Although conventional chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment, this approach has limitations, including non-selectivity leading to severe side effects. Therefore, the development of longer-term cancer therapies, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, is of great importance. Medicinal chemistry plays a role in the discovery of bioactive compounds, including xanthones from Garcinia mangostana, which exhibit anticancer activity. This article reviews the contribution of medicinal chemistry to cancer therapy through the analysis of molecular signaling pathways and ligand-target interactions, as well as the use of computational techniques in drug design. With this approach, it is expected to improve the effectiveness of therapy and the quality of life of cancer patients.

The effort to implement good governance reflects the government's desire to apply good governance in the administration of regional government. A good government SPI can also influence the actions and activities carried out continuously by the leadership and all staff to provide adequate assurance of the achievement of organizational goals. This research was conducted to determine the effect of good governance on the performance of local government, to determine the effect of the internal control system on the performance of local government,  to determine whether the internal control system moderates the effect of good governance on the performance of local government and to understand the Islamic Economic perspective on the effect of good governance on the performance of local government  in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province. The method used employs a quantitative approach. The population in this study consists of all employees of the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, and the sample taken was 46 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. In this study, it is shown that poor governance will not affect the performance of the regional government at the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province. But the higher the internal control system in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, the more it will be able to improve the performance of the regional government, and the higher the internal control system in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, the more it will strengthen the influence of good governance on the performance of the regional government.

The process of long-term improvement in the economic condition of a country to a better state over a certain period is called economic growth.When the level of economic activity is higher than that achieved in previous periods, the economy of a country is said to be experiencing growth.The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which the manufacturing industry and the agricultural industry influence Indonesia's growth.This type of study is a qualitative study that uses the literature review method.This method is very suitable and relevant for analyzing the influence of the manufacturing industry and the agricultural industry.The results show that the manufacturing and agricultural sectors have a complex influence on Indonesia's economic growth.By becoming a leading sector, manufacturing can drive economic growth by creating more jobs and boosting other sectors such as trade and services.Foreign direct investment (FDI), bank credit, and the number of business units in certain sectors influence the development of the manufacturing sector.

This article discusses "Contemporary Islamic Education Problems and Development Strategies," highlighting the various challenges faced by the Islamic education system in Indonesia. Issues such as value crisis, unclear educational goals, and curriculum inconsistency are the main focus of the analysis. The author emphasizes the importance of returning to the sources of Islamic teachings, such as the Qur'an and Hadith, to ensure that education is not only academically intelligent, but also rooted in moral and ethical values. In an effort to overcome these problems, educational development strategies that include curriculum innovation, improving teacher quality, and instilling spiritual values ??are suggested. With a holistic approach, this article aims to provide guidance in a more relevant and effective Islamic education reform, which is able to produce a superior generation with noble character and is ready to face global challenges.