This study aims to analyze the conformity of the age-based classification of prison inmates in Indonesia with human rights (HR) principles, evaluate the state's responsibility, and assess the potential use of Public Private Partnership (PPP) schemes in the development of age-based correctional facilities. The background of the research is based on the ongoing practice of housing juvenile, adult, and elderly inmates together in Indonesian correctional institutions, which contradicts Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections and international standards such as the Nelson Mandela Rules and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The urgency of this study lies in the need to protect vulnerable groups and provide equitable, humane, and rehabilitative correctional services. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory, human rights, and international comparative approaches, supported by qualitative data analysis. The findings reveal a significant gap between legal norms and field practices, inadequate fulfillment of state obligations, and high potential for PPP schemes as an alternative solution. The novelty of this study lies in its multidimensional approach and its proposal to apply PPP in age-based correctional institution management. The study concludes that the Indonesian state has yet to fully fulfill its constitutional and international obligations concerning the treatment of vulnerable inmate groups. Therefore, it recommends strengthening implementing regulations, enhancing institutional capacity, reforming legal culture, and applying a transparent, human rights-based PPP model as a strategic solution.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian pengelompokan warga binaan pemasyarakatan berdasarkan usia dengan prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia (HAM), serta mengevaluasi tanggung jawab negara dan potensi pemanfaatan skema Public Private Partnership (PPP) dalam pembangunan lembaga pemasyarakatan (Lapas) berbasis usia. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh masih terjadinya penggabungan warga binaan anak, dewasa, dan lansia di Lapas Indonesia, yang bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan serta prinsip-prinsip internasional seperti Nelson Mandela Rules dan Convention on the Rights of the Child. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya perlindungan terhadap kelompok rentan dan penyediaan fasilitas pemasyarakatan yang adil, manusiawi, dan rehabilitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, HAM, dan komparatif internasional, serta analisis data secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya diskrepansi antara norma hukum dan praktik lapangan, lemahnya pemenuhan tanggung jawab negara, serta potensi besar skema PPP sebagai solusi alternatif. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada pendekatan multidimensional serta usulan penerapan PPP dalam konteks pemasyarakatan berbasis usia. Kesimpulannya, negara belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kewajiban konstitusional dan internasional dalam perlakuan terhadap warga binaan usia rentan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan adanya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan, reformasi budaya hukum, serta penerapan PPP berbasis prinsip transparansi dan HAM sebagai solusi strategis.

This research aims to analyze the application of the principle of procedural justice as the basis for the judge's consideration in the case of chicken theft (Decision Number: 518/PID.B/2024/PN SMG). The background of the research is the urgency of protecting the rights of defendants in the criminal justice system, especially for perpetrators from weak economic groups. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach through the study of decision documents and interviews with judges. The results showed that the judge concretely considered the rights of the defendant, including the right to self-defense, obtaining a fair trial, and upholding the investigation procedure in accordance with applicable law. Unlike previous studies that focused more on substantive justice, this research specifically explores aspects of procedural justice in minor cases with social impacts. The novelty of this research lies in the focus of analysis on the application of procedural justice in criminal cases involving defendants from economically vulnerable groups. The findings contribute to the strengthening of a fairer, more inclusive, and transparent justice system.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan prinsip keadilan prosedural sebagai dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam perkara pencurian ayam (Putusan Nomor: 518/PID.B/2024/PN SMG). Latar belakang penelitian adalah urgensi perlindungan hak-hak terdakwa dalam sistem peradilan pidana, terutama bagi pelaku dari kalangan ekonomi lemah. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi dokumen putusan dan wawancara dengan hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim mempertimbangkan secara konkret hak terdakwa, termasuk hak untuk membela diri, memperoleh peradilan yang adil, serta penegakan prosedur penyidikan sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Berbeda dengan studi sebelumnya yang lebih menitikberatkan pada keadilan substantif, penelitian ini secara khusus mengupas aspek keadilan prosedural dalam perkara ringan namun berdampak sosial. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus analisis terhadap penerapan keadilan prosedural dalam kasus pidana yang melibatkan terdakwa dari kelompok rentan secara ekonomi. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap penguatan sistem peradilan yang lebih adil, inklusif, dan transparan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan jenis data sekunder. Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) periode 2025. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh (total sampling) yang terdiri dari 30 perusahaan per tanggal 24 Februari 2025. Metode pengumpulan data dengan mengunjungi website https://www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data menggunakan smartPLS versi 3. Data yang digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur modal meliputi rasio utang terhadap ekuitas (Debt to Equity Ratio/DER), rasio utang terhadap aset (Debt to Asset Ratio/DAR), sedangkan untuk mengukur nilai perusahaan rasio yang digunakan adalah rasio harga pasar saham dengan nilai buku per lembar saham (Price Book Value/PBV), rasio perbandingan antara harga saham dengan laba bersih per saham (Price to Earnings Ratio/PER). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.

This study aims to examine the influence of Brand Ambassadors and Digital Payment on Purchase Decisions, with Impulsive Buying acting as a mediating variable in the context of Scarlett Whitening products. A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing a survey approach through questionnaires distributed to 157 respondents who had previously purchased Scarlett Whitening products. The results indicate that both Brand Ambassadors and Digital Payment have a positive and significant impact on Purchase Decisions, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of Impulsive Buying. The findings suggest that consumers tend to make quicker and less deliberative purchase decisions when influenced by appealing Brand Ambassadors and the convenience of Digital Payment options. Furthermore, this study highlights the crucial role of Impulsive Buying as a behavioral factor that strengthens the relationship between marketing strategies and consumer purchasing behavior. The implications of this research provide valuable insights for businesses, particularly in the beauty and skincare industry, on how to optimize their marketing strategies. Companies can enhance their brand appeal and drive higher purchase rates by strategically leveraging Brand Ambassadors and offering seamless Digital Payment methods. Ultimately, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on consumer behavior and digital marketing strategies in the modern retail landscape

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of administrative sanctions on the compliance level of fishery business actors in the Fishery Management Area (WPP) 711 and its socio-economic impacts. The background of the research is based on the high level of administrative violations, weak supervision, and economic losses due to non-compliant fishing practices. The urgency of this research lies in the pressing need to formulate a fair, efficient, and sustainable monitoring strategy to support national fisheries governance. The method used is a socio-legal approach with primary data. The research results indicate that the compliance level is still low, with a repeat violation rate reaching 38%, influenced by high cost burdens, procedural complexity, and low understanding of regulations. The novelty of this research lies in the empirical identification of structural barriers, such as overlapping authorities and an inadequate supervisor-to-operator ratio, as well as the impact of sanctions on business efficiency and operator adaptation. In conclusion, administrative sanctions have not fully created a deterrent effect and require a more integrated approach. The main recommendations include simplifying technology-based procedures, drafting proportional sanction SOPs, enhancing the capacity of supervisory human resources, and establishing an integrated information system to support effective, fair, and socially-economic sustainable coastal community oversight.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas penerapan sanksi administrasi terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pelaku usaha perikanan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) 711 serta dampak sosial-ekonominya. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada tingginya tingkat pelanggaran administratif, lemahnya pengawasan, serta kerugian ekonomi akibat praktik perikanan yang tidak sesuai aturan. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan mendesak untuk merumuskan strategi pengawasan yang adil, efisien, dan berkelanjutan guna mendukung tata kelola perikanan nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan socio-legal dengan pengumpulan data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan masih rendah dengan angka pelanggaran berulang mencapai 38%, dipengaruhi oleh tingginya beban biaya, kompleksitas prosedur, dan rendahnya pemahaman terhadap regulasi. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada identifikasi empiris hambatan struktural, seperti tumpang tindih kewenangan dan rasio pengawas yang tidak ideal, serta pengaruh sanksi terhadap efisiensi usaha dan adaptasi pelaku. Kesimpulannya, sanksi administrasi belum sepenuhnya menciptakan efek jera dan membutuhkan pendekatan yang lebih terintegrasi. Rekomendasi utama mencakup penyederhanaan prosedur berbasis teknologi, penyusunan SOP sanksi proporsional, peningkatan kapasitas SDM pengawas, dan pembentukan sistem informasi terpadu untuk mendukung pengawasan yang efektif, adil, dan berorientasi pada keberlanjutan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat pesisir.

Examining the effects of communication, teamwork, and work discipline on employee performance at CV Golden Harvest is the aim of this study. Organizational success depends on employee performance, and human resources are crucial to achieving corporate goals. 36 employees participated in this study, which used a quantitative methodology and survey questionnaires. SPSS 22.0 was used for data processing in order to examine each variable's partial and simultaneous influence. The findings show that employee performance is significantly and favorably impacted by teamwork, communication, and work discipline. However, the results of individual analysis vary work discipline has a positive but insignificant effect on performance, communication has a negative and negligible effect, and cooperation has a positive and significant impact. While good teamwork fosters synergy among people, good work discipline can improve adherence to business policies. Conversely, good communication is essential for enhancing professional relationships and reducing miscommunications. These results give management information to help them develop plans to enhance worker performance by managing communication, teamwork, and work discipline.

Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka statistik berbasis Value-at-Risk (VaR) untuk mengoptimalkan portofolio di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), membandingkan performa portofolio konvensional (10 saham) dan syariah (5 saham) menggunakan data harga harian dari 2 Januari 2019 hingga 30 Desember 2024. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi efektivitas tiga metode VaR, yaitu simulasi historis, varians-kovarians, dan Monte Carlo—serta mengintegrasikannya dengan optimalisasi Markowitz. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa portofolio syariah memiliki risiko lebih tinggi (VaR Rp21,2–22,4 juta) dibandingkan konvensional (Rp18,1–20,0 juta) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Simulasi Monte Carlo terbukti paling akurat (pelanggaran ~4,5–4,9%), diikuti simulasi historis dan varians-kovarians. Optimalisasi Markowitz mengurangi volatilitas portofolio (konvensional: 18% menjadi 16%; syariah: 20% menjadi 18%) dan meningkatkan rasio Sharpe (konvensional: 0,85 menjadi 1,20; syariah: 0,80 menjadi 1,10). Validasi melalui backtesting dan uji Kupiec mengkonfirmasi robustnya model. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur pengelolaan risiko di pasar berkembang dengan menawarkan alternatif statistik terhadap pendekatan machine learning, sekaligus memberikan alat praktis bagi investor dan pedoman bagi regulator BEI, khususnya untuk investasi syariah.

This research aims to analyze the supervision of the presence of foreign workers by Commission II of the Bangka Tengah Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) and to formulate strategies for strengthening supervision in order to protect the rights of local workers. The background of this research is based on the increasing flow of foreign investment in Central Bangka, which encourages the entry of foreign workers into strategic sectors, particularly mining and processing. This condition has given rise to various challenges, ranging from overlapping authorities, weak verification of foreign workers' competencies, to the suboptimal implementation of knowledge transfer programs. The urgency of the research lies in the importance of the supervisory function of the DPRD as a legislative pillar in the trias politica system to ensure labor accountability and social justice. This research uses a socio-legal approach with qualitative methods through interviews, field observations, and document studies. The research results indicate that the supervision of foreign workers has not been optimal due to the absence of an integrated information system, weak inter-agency coordination, and irregularities in the validity periods of foreign workers permits. The novelty of this research lies in the empirical analysis of the role of the DPRD within the context of local institutions. This research concludes that an integrated technology-based monitoring system, competency verification SOPs, and the formation of cross-agency teams are needed as strategic recommendations to strengthen the supervisory function of the DPRD.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengawasan terhadap keberadaan tenaga kerja asing (TKA) oleh Komisi II DPRD Bangka Tengah serta merumuskan strategi penguatan pengawasan dalam rangka melindungi hak tenaga kerja lokal. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya arus investasi asing di Bangka Tengah yang mendorong masuknya TKA ke sektor-sektor strategis, khususnya pertambangan dan pengolahan. Kondisi ini memunculkan berbagai tantangan, mulai dari tumpang tindih kewenangan, lemahnya verifikasi kompetensi TKA, hingga belum optimalnya program transfer pengetahuan. Urgensi penelitian terletak pada pentingnya fungsi pengawasan DPRD sebagai pilar legislatif dalam sistem trias politica untuk memastikan akuntabilitas ketenagakerjaan dan keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan TKA belum berjalan optimal karena tidak adanya sistem informasi terpadu, lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga, dan ketidakteraturan masa berlaku izin TKA. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis empirik peran DPRD dalam konteks kelembagaan lokal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dibutuhkan sistem pengawasan terpadu berbasis teknologi, SOP verifikasi kompetensi, serta pembentukan tim lintas lembaga sebagai rekomendasi strategis untuk memperkuat fungsi pengawasan DPRD.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) into individual limited liability companies and the legal implications on land ownership status. The enactment of the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja) introduces substantial amendments to Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, particularly allowing the establishment of a company by a single founder via an online platform, without the requirement for a notarial deed or minimum capital. This regulatory simplification facilitates the formalization of MSMEs into individual PTs, enhancing legal certainty and access to financial services. However, a critical issue arises concerning land ownership: individual PTs, as legal entities, are not permitted to hold freehold title (hak milik). Land assets used for business purposes must be converted to land use rights, such as building use rights (HGB) or right to cultivate (HGU), to comply with agrarian regulations. This change may pose practical challenges for MSME owners who previously held land under personal ownership. For instance, farmers or small-scale producers using their residential land for business must navigate land status conversion procedures, which can be complex and costly. This study, through a normative juridical approach, reveals a regulatory gap that may affect the operational continuity of MSMEs post-conversion. Compared to previous literature that generally emphasizes administrative ease, this study highlights the often-overlooked implications of asset restructuring, particularly in land governance. The findings underline the need for harmonized policies that support MSMEs' transformation while safeguarding their control over productive land assets.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) menjadi Perseroan Terbatas Perorangan serta implikasi hukumnya terhadap status kepemilikan tanah. Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, khususnya dalam memperbolehkan pendirian perseroan oleh satu orang pendiri melalui sistem daring tanpa keharusan akta notaris dan modal minimum. Kebijakan ini mempermudah proses legalisasi UMKM menjadi badan hukum, memberikan kepastian hukum, serta akses yang lebih luas terhadap pembiayaan. Namun, tantangan muncul terkait kepemilikan tanah, karena badan hukum seperti PT tidak diperkenankan memiliki hak milik atas tanah. Tanah yang digunakan sebagai aset usaha harus diubah statusnya menjadi hak guna bangunan (HGB) atau hak guna usaha (HGU) sesuai dengan ketentuan agraria. Perubahan ini berpotensi memengaruhi operasional UMKM, khususnya bagi pelaku usaha yang menggunakan tanah milik pribadi untuk kegiatan bisnis, seperti petani atau produsen rumahan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dan menemukan adanya celah regulasi yang dapat mengganggu keberlangsungan usaha pasca transformasi menjadi PT. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih menekankan pada kemudahan administratif, penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya perhatian terhadap restrukturisasi aset, terutama dalam hal pertanahan. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya sinkronisasi kebijakan agar transformasi badan usaha tidak justru menghilangkan kendali UMKM atas aset produktif yang dimilikinya.

This study aims to evaluate the application of restorative justice (RJ) in reducing recidivism in Indonesia, focusing on its effectiveness, implementation challenges, and potential development in the adult criminal justice system. The method used was a qualitative approach with interviews with judges, prosecutors, and mediators at the Bogor District Court as well as case studies of RJ implementation. The results show that although restorative justice (RJ) offers a more rehabilitative solution compared to conventional approaches, its application in Indonesia is still limited by a lack of understanding of legal officers, social resistance, and limited resources. For example, while in New Zealand the recidivism rate of RJ participants is only 17%, in Indonesia, barriers such as lack of mediator training and limited mediation facilities reduce the effectiveness of the program. This study concludes that the implementation of restorative justice (RJ) can reduce recidivism if followed by increased resource capacity, training of legal officers, and community support. The contribution of this research to science is to provide insights into the implementation of RJ in the Indonesian context, as well as suggest measures to overcome the challenges, in order to improve a more rehabilitative criminal justice system.