The presence of natural antioxidants in medicinal plants plays a crucial role in inhibiting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this research is to explore more deeply all parts of A. esculenta L from flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and stems for the levels of compounds and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor activities. The flowers demonstrated the highest TPC with 173.15942 ± 6.5083 mg GAE/g. The stems exhibited the lowest TPC value at 69.1967 ± 2.8408 mg GAE/g. The flowers also showed TFC value of 83.157 ± 2.021 mg QE/g while the stems displayed the lowest with 36.7240 ± 1.337 mg QE/g. IC50 value that the flowers possessed the highest antioxidant activity with 22.6539 ± 1.6452 mg/mL, whereas the stems displayed a slightly lower. In terms of the inhibitor of a-amylase activity, the flowers had an IC50 value of 102.4885 ± 11.4370 mg/mL whereas the stems had a lower. The highest IC50 value of the a-glucosidase inhibitor was 76.95 ± 12.0888 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. The highest IC50 of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was 109.5943 ± 9.7391 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. This study show that there is a relationship between the high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids on antioxidants, antidiabetic and antilipase activities.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by parental traits and diet. Drosophila melanogaster is a potential disease model organism, sharing physiology and genetic similarities with humans. Previous research had focused on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for obesity and diabetes, but not for MetS. This research aimed to determine the effect of both parental diet and high sugar fat (HSF) intake on glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride hemolymph levels of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild flies were purified in either control (standard) or MetS media (extra 3% sucrose and palm oil). Seventy-five pairs were divided into 5 groups, according to parental origin and feeding media, and maintained in five generations (F1-F5). Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured using a colorimetric assay in three replications of each generation per group. Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were significantly different in all treatment groups, the control groups, and between generations in each group (p<0.05). Higher glucose and triglyceride levels appeared in the youngest generation (F5) of all groups, and in the flies reared on HSF diets. Maternal HSF-exposed groups demonstrated a more pronounced impact of parental metabolic state on the glucose and triglyceride levels of the earlier generation. These findings highlight that parental exposure to HSF and prolonged HSF intake independently and synergistically lead to persistent and amplified metabolic dysregulation across generations. Drosophila melanogaster, modeled in this study, represents a novel experimental organism that is suitable for studying the epigenetic inheritance of MetS, gaining more consideration for the metabolic health consequences of long-term dietary habits and parental metabolic state.

This study aims to examine the use of cattle waste as organic fertilizer to minimize agricultural operational costs in Mrawan Village, Tapen District, Bondowoso Regency. Cattle waste, particularly manure, is an abundant local resource that has not been optimally utilized by the local community. The majority of farmers in the village still rely on chemical fertilizers, which are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on long-term soil health. Therefore, this program is designed to provide a sustainable alternative solution through an educational approach and community empowerment. The methods used in this activity include outreach, technical training, and direct assistance in the process of making organic fertilizer from cow manure. Education focuses on simple fermentation techniques, the composition of natural additives, and appropriate fertilizer application methods. Farmers are actively involved in every stage of the activity, so they become not only beneficiaries but also agents of change in environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The results of the activity indicate that the use of organic fertilizer from cattle waste can reduce the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers by up to 40% in a single planting season. In addition, organic fertilizer has been shown to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support healthier plant growth. Environmental impacts are also reduced, as livestock waste management is more controlled and does not pollute water or air sources. Therefore, utilizing cattle waste as organic fertilizer not only reduces environmental pollution but also provides an economic and ecological solution that benefits local farmers. This program is expected to become a model for empowerment that can be replicated in other areas with similar characteristics.

This study employed qualitative methods with primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through interviews, while secondary data were obtained from important documentation of the Mutiara Welirang Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to obtain a comprehensive picture of the BUMDes' contribution to community welfare. The results of the study indicate that the Mutiara Welirang BUMDes plays an active role in improving the welfare of the Ketapanrame Village community through various services. These services include clean water management, environmental cleanliness management, interest-free loans, stall and kiosk rentals, and tourist attraction management. These various services are considered to have a positive impact on the social and economic conditions of the village community. An Islamic Economics review of the BUMDes' contribution indicates its alignment with Islamic economic principles. The activities carried out are mutually beneficial and align with Islamic values and welfare indicators in the maqashid sharia. This reflects the application of the values of justice, balance, and sustainability in village economic practices. The implications of these findings suggest that the Mutiara Welirang BUMDes can continue to maintain its positive performance and continuously improve the quality of its services. This effort is crucial to ensure the benefits are felt more widely by the community and to further strengthen the role of BUMDes as a driver of village economic development based on Islamic values.

The number of school-age adolescent girls in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, still faces serious challenges related to nutritional problems such as anemia and chronic energy deficiency (SEZ). Low nutritional literacy and unbalanced food consumption habits also worsen their nutritional status, especially during puberty when nutritional needs increase significantly. This service activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of young women on the principles of balanced nutrition through a participatory educational approach. The implementation of the activity was carried out at SMP Negeri 2 Bunta, Simpang Raya District, involving 30 students in grades VII and VIII as well as UKS supervisory teachers. The intervention included providing material on "Fill My Plate", the 4 pillars of balanced nutrition, and the risk of nutritional disorders in adolescents. The material was delivered in the form of interactive counseling using leaflet media, accompanied by knowledge measurement through pre-test, post-test, and one-week post-activity evaluation. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the principles of balanced nutrition, with the knowledge score of the good category increasing from 40% to 87%. Most of the participants were able to mention the composition of the meal portion, the importance of breakfast, restrictions on fast food consumption, and the need to drink enough water every day. This activity also has an impact on increasing the capacity of teachers in assisting and monitoring the health status of students through the UKS program. Teachers become more active in conducting periodic counseling and recording the nutritional development of female students on a regular basis. School-based balanced nutrition counseling has been proven to be effective in improving adolescent nutritional literacy. This educational model can be replicated in other regions with cross-sectoral support such as education offices, health centers, and village governments, to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in the health sector.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue and a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Jurang Village, Temanggung Regency. One of the key contributing factors to the high prevalence of stunting is the low level of maternal knowledge regarding balanced nutrition and the appropriate practice of providing supplementary feeding (Pemberian Makanan Tambahan or PMT) for children under five. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PMT menu leaflet media as a tool to increase mothers’ knowledge and awareness regarding stunting prevention. The research was conducted through a series of community-based surveys during Posyandu (integrated health post) activities across several neighborhood units (Rukun Warga or RW). These surveys identified cases of stunting and assessed the educational needs of mothers with young children. Based on the findings, a culturally and contextually adapted leaflet was developed, containing essential information about stunting, its early signs, the importance of PMT, and practical, nutritious recipes made from locally available ingredients. To expand accessibility, the leaflet also included a QR code linked to a digital e-book featuring 54 variations of PMT menus. The educational materials were distributed through door-to-door visits, accompanied by the direct provision of supplementary food, enabling immediate practice of the knowledge shared. Post-intervention results showed a significant improvement in maternal understanding of stunting and nutrition, as well as positive feedback regarding the clarity, relevance, and usefulness of the leaflet. The culturally tailored approach and integration of digital resources further enhanced engagement and knowledge retention. In conclusion, the PMT leaflet proved to be an effective, practical, low-cost, and replicable educational intervention to support community-based stunting prevention efforts in Jurang Village. This approach offers a promising model for similar rural areas facing high stunting rates across Indonesia.

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of rainwater on the survival of koi fry. The background of this study is based on the increasing demand for koi fish which encourages breeders to improve the quality and quantity of fry production. However, the success of seeding is influenced by several factors, especially air quality such as temperature and pH. Rainwater is known to have less stable quality, especially due to its low pH value, so it is necessary to study its impact on koi fry. This study was conducted on November 25–28, 2024 in the Bossbaster experimental pond, Legok Nyenang Village, Kadudampit District, Sukabumi Regency. The media used were 15 plastic gallons, each containing 5 liters of air and 40 newly hatched koi fry. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment levels and 3 replications. Treatments included A (100% rainwater), B (75% rainwater + 25% well water), C (50% rainwater + 50% well water), D (25% rainwater + 75% well water), and E (100% well water). The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the survival value of koi fish fry in the five treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of rainwater does not have a significant effect on the survival of koi fish fry. In addition, the results of water quality observations showed that all parameters were still within the standard quality range, except for the temperature which was slightly below the standard.

Preventing and addressing bullying in schools is crucial for creating a safe and supportive educational environment for student development. Bullying, whether physical, verbal, or psychological, can have long-term impacts on the mental and emotional well-being of students who are victims. This study aims to explore strategies implemented by schools to address and prevent bullying, and to analyze the challenges faced in implementing these strategies. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study approach in several schools in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, students, and parents, as well as observations of school programs. Document analysis of school policies on bullying was also conducted. The study found that although most schools have policies related to bullying, insufficient supervision and a lack of parental involvement in supporting these policies remain obstacles. Other factors influencing the effectiveness of bullying prevention are teacher awareness and skills in addressing students' social issues. This study recommends a community-based approach, in which all parties, from students, teachers, and parents, play an active role in creating an anti-bullying culture. Training programs for teachers and outreach to students regarding the negative impacts of bullying need to be improved. With stronger policies and increased awareness, it is hoped that bullying can be minimized and addressed, making schools a safe place for learning and development. Implementing this community-based approach is expected to create a culture that is free from bullying and provide better support for victims of bullying.

Maternal anxiety during the childbirth process is a common psychological condition that can potentially increase the risk of complications, prolong labor, and reduce the likelihood of a positive birthing experience. High anxiety levels in mothers may interfere with the effectiveness of labor, impact maternal and fetal well-being, and lead to increased medical interventions. One of the most important support systems during labor is the presence and active involvement of the husband. The husband’s role is not only limited to being present but also includes providing emotional, physical, and motivational support to the mother. Recognizing the importance of this role, this community service program was designed to enhance husbands’ understanding and skills in supporting their wives during childbirth, thereby helping to reduce maternal anxiety.The program consisted of several stages, including the delivery of structured health education sessions on maternal needs during labor, demonstrations of effective communication techniques, simulations of support during different stages of childbirth, and interactive discussions to address questions and share experiences. Through these activities, participants were encouraged to build empathy, strengthen their knowledge about labor, and develop the confidence to assist their wives effectively. The results of the program indicated a noticeable improvement in the husbands’ awareness of the importance of their role, as well as increased confidence in providing both emotional reassurance and physical assistance. Participants reported feeling better prepared to accompany their wives, manage unexpected situations, and foster a more supportive environment during childbirth. This initiative highlights the significant impact that targeted education and training for husbands can have on maternal psychological well-being, ultimately contributing to safer and more positive birth experiences.

The handling of hazardous chemicals, such as sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), in industrial processes requires a control system that ensures both operational reliability and safety. Manual pump operation in such contexts carries a significant risk of over-pumping, leaks, and exposure, which can lead to environmental contamination and safety hazards. To address this issue, this study focuses on the design and implementation of an automatic pump control system prototype using the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The system integrates three key sensors: a float switch for basic level detection, an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for precise liquid level measurement, and a water flow sensor (YF-S201) for monitoring flow rate. The prototype is programmed to automatically regulate pump operation based on real-time input from the sensors. When the liquid level reaches a predetermined threshold, the pump activates or deactivates accordingly. Sensor data, including fluid height and flow rate, are displayed in real-time on a 3.5-inch TFT LCD, allowing for direct operator monitoring. Both the hardware configuration and software algorithms were tested for functionality, response time, and accuracy under simulated industrial conditions. The results indicate that the system can reliably control pump activation with minimal error rates. The ultrasonic sensor demonstrated an average measurement error of 0.94%, while the water flow sensor achieved an error rate of 1.19%. The software successfully processed sensor data and executed output actions consistent with the programmed logic. Overall, this automated control system proved effective in mitigating the risk of over-pumping and improving safety in handling hazardous chemical fluids. Given its accuracy, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, the developed prototype is considered suitable for small- to medium-scale industrial applications, with potential for further refinement to meet larger operational demands.