This research was conducted at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, Ciamis Regency. The purpose of this research is to determine the Analysis of Cultural Heritage Management at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, Ciamis Regency in 2024. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. This method includes observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. There are 5 informants. The results of the research show that the Analysis of Cultural Heritage Management at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, Ciamis Regency in 2024 has not been running optimally. From the results of the observation, several indicators of problems were found related to the Analysis of Cultural Heritage Management at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, Ciamis Regency in 2024, including limited adequate facilities and infrastructure in museum management, the lack of a management plan due to limited Human Resources (HR), the absence of a clear breakdown of duties and responsibilities in Museum management, and low community participation in Museum activities and management. The efforts made include submitting a budget for facility improvements to the local government, conducting routine fossil maintenance and conservation, identifying more comprehensive human resource needs, proposing to relevant parties to consider additional staff, and striving to increase public awareness of the importance of cultural preservation and the role of museums through good communication with the local community. Based on the results of the study above, it can be concluded that the overall Analysis of Cultural Heritage Management at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, Ciamis Regency in 2024 has not been running optimally. To optimize the management of Cultural Heritage at the Tambaksari Fossil Museum, more intensive collaboration is needed between museum managers, the local government, and the community.

The issue arises from Article 15 paragraph (2) letter f of the Notary Position Law (UUJN), which grants notaries the authority to draw up deeds related to land affairs but fails to clearly define the scope of that authority. This creates conflict with Article 2 of Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 in conjunction with Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016, which stipulates that PPATs have the authority to draw up authentic deeds regarding certain legal acts in land affairs. This study employs a normative juridical method by reviewing statutory regulations and legal literature to analyze the issue. The results show that this overlapping authority leads to legal uncertainty and potential conflict between professional functions. In practice, although notaries are normatively granted authority in land-related matters, their implementation remains limited, as deeds drawn up by notaries cannot serve as a legal basis for land registration unless the notary is also appointed as a PPAT. Therefore, a legal reform is necessary, either through a revision of the UUJN or the establishment of implementing regulations that clarify each official’s authority. By doing so, legal certainty can be achieved, and inter-professional disputes can be minimized.

The advancement of information technology has driven the growth of the creative industry, which heavily relies on intellectual works, one of which is trademarks as part of the Intellectual Property Rights regime. A trademark not only serves as a product identity but also as a marketing tool and a determinant of reputation. However, in practice, legal issues often arise, particularly related to the registration of trademarks by parties acting in bad faith and having substantial similarities with previously registered trademarks. This research analyzes the Application of the Principle of Bad Faith in the trademark registration process in the trademark dispute "C+Logo" between Gunawan and PT Bagava Alam Semesta. Through descriptive analysis research with a normative juridical approach, the results of this study indicate a violation of the principle of bad faith in the trademark registration conducted by PT Bagava Alam Semesta because it meets the principle of bad faith violation as examined in accordance with the Trademark and Geographical Indications Law.

The legal mechanism of bankruptcy relies on the concept of debt, because the absence of debt undermines the fundamental purpose of bankruptcy as a legal institution to liquidate the debtor's assets to satisfy creditors' claims. Debt is the main criterion that must be met in order to be able to apply for bankruptcy, along with additional provisions such as having two or more creditors, as stipulated in Article 2, paragraph (1) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (Bankruptcy Law). Notaries who have completed the bankruptcy process and are undergoing rehabilitation to improve their good name cannot re-apply to become Notaries. Here, the Notary will lose his/her right to work to carry out his/her position simply because the Notary has or has been sentenced to bankruptcy by the court. This bankruptcy is simply the notary's inability to pay the debt owed to the creditor, not a criminal act. If associated with the provisions contained in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Article 28 letter d concerning Human Rights which explains that everyone has the right to work and receive fair and proper compensation and treatment in employment relations, the efforts made in this problem are handled in accordance with the law and will be a substantial obligation for the curator. Based on Article 1 number 5 (Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations), it states that a curator is an individual or an estate office appointed by the court to resolve and manage all problems of the bankrupt debtor's assets under the supervision of a supervising judge based on applicable laws. The citation of the law shows the clear jurisdiction of the curator over the debtor's property and assets.

SIUPAL is a Sea Transportation Company Business License which is a permit that will later be given to shipping companies. The goal is to provide comfort in doing business, because basically all business activities, both small and large scale, must have a company permit in order to operate properly in accordance with applicable regulations and can also reduce unwanted things. A national sea transportation company is a sea transportation company that is established based on Indonesian law that can carry out sea transportation activities in waters and from and to foreign ports. The obstacles faced include untimely completion of permits, lack of employee availability, complexity in submitting online permits, and lack of security or back up for front office employees. Efforts made by using service quality strategies and human resource improvement strategies.

The rapid growth of urban areas has triggered the rise of unlicensed development or illegal buildings that have a negative impact on spatial planning, the environment, and the social life of the community. Controlling illegal buildings is a big challenge for local governments, especially in applying administrative sanctions effectively and fairly. This article analyzes various problems faced in applying administrative sanctions, including structural constraints, weak legal culture, and socio-economic impacts of the crackdown. Using normative and empirical juridical approaches, this research evaluates the effectiveness of administrative sanctions in a number of cities such as Surabaya, Bekasi, and Pontianak, and highlights the need for regulatory reform, strengthening the capacity of the apparatus, and participatory approaches to the community. The results show that the effectiveness of administrative sanctions is still limited due to slow bureaucracy, lack of coordination between agencies, and low public legal awareness. Therefore, a comprehensive and collaborative strategy is needed to improve administrative law enforcement that is consistent and has a real impact in creating an orderly, sustainable and socially just urban space.

The rapid development of technology and social media has led to an increase in online gambling activities, with promotional advertisements on social media and streamer donation platforms serving as one of the main contributing factors. This study aims to analyze the impact of these advertisements on the rise of online gambling activities, with a legal perspective based on Article 27 Paragraph 2 of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach through regulatory analysis and case studies. The results indicate that the presence of online gambling advertisements on digital platforms violates existing legal provisions and has potential social impacts.
 
 

Pancasila as a grundnorm plays an important role in the legal political paradigm in Indonesia as the basis for the formation of the legal system. All laws in Indonesia must be based on Pancasila as the source of all legal sources. The main issue studied is the extent to which Pancasila influences the legislative process and legal policies to realize a fair judicial system, as well as how its values can reform the judicial system and improve the quality of law enforcement. This study uses a normative method with a conceptual approach supported by the analysis of the hierarchy theory of legal norms and development law. The results of the study show that although Pancasila has been recognized as a grundnorm in the legal hierarchy, its implementation in legislation and legal policies still often faces obstacles, so a more responsive and inclusive legal system reform based on Pancasila values is needed.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

Drones are a new technology that can pose a threat to the sovereignty of many countries. Therefore, preventive efforts are necessary for a government to safeguard its interests. In this context, Indonesia needs to establish a legal framework from an international legal perspective, supported by national positive law, to mitigate the use of drones. The research, conducted through a normative-judicial analysis approach, concludes that a considerable number of legal instruments are aimed at protecting Indonesia from drone threats. However, Indonesia's military capability is not yet fully equipped to enforce the mandates of these laws. Consequently, the approach that can be taken is to prohibit drones altogether because they violate human rights and harm society.

Parenting and Child Adoption are crucial aspects of child protection implementation. This article explains suitable parenting patterns for parents to apply to their children. It also highlights child adoption as a subsequent step when no party is responsible for the child's custody. Adoption involves the legal transfer of parental responsibilities and custody from child’s biological family to the adoptive family. There are procedures for carrying out the adoption of a child which must be observed and complied with as outlined by legal regulations. This is intended to safeguard and uphold the child’s rights overall welfare.

The circulation of alcoholic beverages is often unlicensed, particularly traditional alcoholic beverages, which are frequently distributed without a license due to being considered cultural heritage or customs specific to certain regions in Indonesia. This situation raises concerns regarding both legal compliance and public health. This research examines the licensing process for the sale and purchase of traditional alcoholic beverages in Indonesia, focusing on the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2013 concerning the Control and Supervision of Alcoholic Beverages as an analytical framework. The study aims to explore the regulatory environment surrounding the distribution of these beverages and evaluate the challenges and opportunities for obtaining proper licenses. The research further discusses the role of the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system, a digital platform designed to simplify the licensing process for businesses. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference and knowledge resource for the public, providing clarity on the licensing process for alcoholic beverages. It also aims to raise awareness of the legal framework and facilitate smoother and more transparent processes for distributing alcoholic beverages in Indonesia.

Cross-sector land registration is land registration with subsidized assistance for low- income people who work in small and medium enterprises, SMEs, agriculture, fishermen, and fish farmers, in this case financing land rights certification services at the land office. That is how the issue is stated. (1) How Kupang City should go about implementing cross-sector land registration. (2) What are the challenges facing Kupang City in adopting cross-sector land registration? (3) How may cross-sector land registration be implemented in Kupang City? Empirical research is the methodology employed, and data is gathered through a literature review and interviewing 20 respondents. The findings of the study demonstrate (1) Kupang City's cross-sector land registration implementation procedure. Cross-sector land registration is implemented sporadically, making it a cross-sectoral process. sector comes before the gathering of legal data. (2) Obstacles to the implementation of cross-sector land registration in Kupang City include many incomplete documents, absences during the socialization of land title certificates, and problems with the applicant's land. (3) The solution to the obstacles to implementing cross-sector land registration is that the land authorities carry out monitoring and evaluation every week From the onset to the conclusion of the cross-sector implementation, and the community participates more in cross- sector implementation activities. This research has led to the following conclusions: (1) cross-sector land registration implementation Planning, negotiation, team building, gathering legal data, certification, and reporting are the phases of implementation that will take place in Kupang City based on the decision made by the head of the Kupang City Land Office. (2) Barriers to the implementation of cross-sector land registration In Kupang City, obstacles occur internally and externally, internal land parties must build relationships with related agencies and externally there are still many incomplete files, lack of community participation and land problems. (3) How to get around roadblocks in the way of Kupang's cross-sector land registration implementation; how to have officers be more proactive in reaching out to pertinent agencies and supplying information about cross-sector land registration.

Jasa asuransi di Indonesia semakin lama semakin diminati oleh khalayak masyarakat umum di indonesia. Hampir setiap risiko transaksi menggunakan jasa asuransi telah menjadi kebutuhan hidup sebagaian masayarakat Indonesia, kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap perusahaan asuransi tumbuh pesat dilihat dari jumlah premi yang berhasil dihimpun oleh perusahaan asuransi.oleh karena itu kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap asuransi harus didukung dengan perbaikan kinerja perusahaan asuransi. KUHP, KUHD dan UU No. 2 Tahun 1992 Tentang usaha perasuransian sebagaimana diperbaharui melalui UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Usaha Perasuransian memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen pemegang polis asuransi. UU No 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. UU Perlindungan Konsumen menetapkan tentang bagaimana perlindungan bagi perusahaan asuransi untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap konsumen yang dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Asuransi. Sengketa yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan asuransi merupakan sebuah sengketa yang lazim untuk dialami oleh konsumen dikarenakan perusahaan jasa asuransi tidak mampu memberikan kewajiban yang menjadi sebuah hak oleh konsumen pemegang polis asuransi sehingga sudah seharusnya terdapat sanksi pidana bagi pelanggar UUPK termasuk bagi perusahaan asuransi.

Whereas the legal regulation governing the Criminal Sanctions for Money Laundering of Narcotics Crimes is Article 2 of Law Number 8 of 2010 Concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes paragraph (1) point 3 concerning Narcotics. The implementation of the implementation of the Criminal Sanctions for Money Laundering from Narcotics Crime is still overlapping and separate or simultaneous. This occurs both at the placement stage, the distribution stage, and the collection stage, so that handling becomes increasingly difficult and requires systematic and continuous capacity building. Factors constraining Criminal Sanctions for Money Laundering from Narcotics Crime are the Globalization Factor, the Rapid Technological Advancement Factor, the Very Strict Bank Confidential Provisions Factor of the Country Concerned. Therefore, stricter legal arrangements are needed in enforcing criminal sanctions for money laundering of the proceeds of narcotics crimes and should pay more attention to the principles of simple, fast and low-cost criminal procedural law so that the next stage of the judicial process can be carried out immediately.
 

This research discusses the implementation of agrarian law policies regarding the distribution of rights to cultivated land in Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the impact of policies, the level of community participation, and the factors that influence the implementation of these policies. The research method is descriptive qualitative which involves literature study, field study and interviews. The research results show that the implementation of agrarian law policies has had positive impacts such as changes in land ownership status, but also has negative impacts such as conflict and legal uncertainty. The level of community participation is proven to have a crucial role in the success of policy implementation. Factors such as unequal distribution of land, legal uncertainty, and lack of community involvement are obstacles to policy implementation in Sampali Village. It is recommended to revise agrarian law policies by considering input from the community and increasing their participation in the decision-making process. Strengthening institutions at the local level, participatory conflict resolution, and developing educational programs were also identified as important steps to improve sustainability and fairness in policy implementation. It is hoped that this research can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of agrarian law policy implementation at the local level and become a basis for improving policies that are more effective and inclusive.

This journal discusses the influence of the development of information technology which cannot be separated from the existence of jurisdiction, which jurisdiction is effective or not in its implementation, so it must be discussed how this jurisdiction can be effective in its implementation, the existence of the ITE Law can pave the way for law enforcement in cyber crime because in the ITE Law, sanctions can be applied to both Indonesian citizens themselves and foreign citizens who commit cyber crime and harm the Indonesian state, however, to carry out legal actions with foreign actors, it must be ensured that the country also has regulations regarding cybercrime, and the ratification of Indonesia's ability to apply for the extradition of perpetrators will be stronger.
 
 

The aim of this research is to find out the process and implementation of land registration in Hutuo Village, as well as to find out the factors that cause problems in land registration in Hutuo Village. The type of research used is Empirical Legal research. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview techniques and literature. Then the writer will analyze the data obtained in the research process descriptively, in this case the researcher will describe the description of the research subjects and objects as the results of the research he conducted. The results of this research indicate that land registration in Hutuo Village in view of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 is still not optimal. This is proven by the data in Hutuo Village where there are still a large number of unregistered land cases. However, the cases of land that have not been registered have not been resolved, due to the background obstacles that influence the achievement of legal certainty in the Hutuo Village. The suggestion in this research is that the Government, especially the Regional Office of the National Land Agency in Gorontalo Regency, continues to strive to carry out more outreach to the people of Hutuo Subdistrict to carry out land registration so that they can have a certificate to obtain legal certainty.

Vote buying is a phenomenon that is often found in the arena of political contestation. However, there is a unique phenomenon in the 2020 Regional Head Election for Wonosobo Regency, which consists of one pair of candidates against an empty box. In the election (Pilkada), there was no indication of its use of money politics or vote buying, either by the candidate pair or the empty box support team. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of the people of Wonosobo Regency, who are familiar with the phenomenon of vote buying but have yet to find it in the 2020 Pilkada. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that three main components become symptoms and can indicate public perceptions of their absence of vote buying in the Pilkada of Wonosobo Regency in 2020. First, the cognitive component includes public knowledge and its implications for the view that there is no vote buying. Second, the affective component indicates a positive emotional aspect of vote buying. Third, the cognitive component that influences positive action after the above expectations of vote buying are not fulfilled.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection of child victims of physical violence by biological parents. This research uses a literature review approach by looking for theoretical references that are relevant to the case or problem found. Based on the results and discussion, it is found that the forms of violence experienced by children are physical violence such as: being kicked, hit, thrown with wood, slapped and even hung, resulting in children feeling depressed by the violence they experience and children who experience this rarely communicate with their friends. The sources that trigger physical violence against children are poverty, violence also occurs because the parents are stressed or have complicated problems. Parents' lack of knowledge The existence of children who do not want.

Issues regarding non-performance of an agreement can be resolved in two ways, namely outside court and through court. The Pati Court is one of the courts that handles many default resolutions, in terms of settlement through the courts. The judge's consideration is an important component in determining the fate of both parties, namely the plaintiff and defendant, who in terms of the agreement are creditor and debtor. We can see the judge's considerations in the case of default in case number 219/Pdt.GS/2023/PN.Pti. The aim of this research is to find out how considerations are taken to decide a case of tort and how the proof of the elements of tort is fulfilled. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, norms contained in regulations regarding agreements and a case approach. The results of the research show that, according to article 1320 of the Civil Code, the legal conditions for an agreement are agreement, competence, certain objects or things, and cause or lawful reasons, and it is stated in article 1238 of the Civil Code that a person is considered to be in default when he is negligent and does not carry out his obligations until after the time limit specified in the agreement he has agreed to. The judge's considerations in deciding case number 219/Pdt.GS/2023/PN Pti. is appropriate because based on the written evidence attached by the Plaintiff at the trial, then according to the evidence attached the Defendant is declared guilty or in default.

The objectives of this study are (1) To find out the factors that cause land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village (2) To find out the role of the Tainsala Village government in resolving land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village. The research method uses empirical research, namely data obtained directly from the field. This research uses empirical legal research, using a qualitative approach method, namely an approach based on the type of data and data analysis. The data used includes primary, secondary data, data collected through interviews, and non-participant observation. Also, using qualitative descriptive analysis, where the data is presented by describing the results of research on efforts to resolve land disputes between residents by the village government. The results showed: (1) Factors that cause land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village, due to unclear land ownership status, the influence of customary settlements (belis), the increasing needs of life and the high price of land and conflicts between sellers and buyers of land. (2) The role of the village government in resolving land disputes between residents in Tainsala Village, settlement by mediation, namely the village head as an arbiter in resolving disputes between two parties and settlement in a family manner, namely settlement carried out by peaceful means involving family elements from the parties to the case. The suggestions are: (1) The village government must provide direction to the community to clarify the land certificate. (2) The village government must make a statement letter if the settlement of land disputes is carried out in a family manner.

This article has the aims and objectives to be obtained, namely to find out and analyze the importance of the existence of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on internet sites, and how forms of regulation based on positive law in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, the data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The results of the research have shown that the existence of IPR on internet sites has basic values ??and objectives, namely as legal protection for creators owned by individuals or groups. for his hard work in making copyrighted works with economic value contained therein and Anticipating and also preventing violations of IPR belonging to other people, HKI is also currently regulated in various legal constructions that apply in Indonesia, such as Law Number 28 Year 2014 concerning Copyright, Law no. 15 of 2001 concerning Marks and other implementing regulations. With the objectives and construction of the applicable law, it is actually important for the government to continue to optimize and review the application of the law periodically in order to prevent IPR violations on internet sites carried out by cybercrimes.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or what are usually called MSMEs have an important role in national economic development efforts in Indonesia. From year to year, the number of MSMEs in Indonesia has increased quite rapidly. However, there are still many MSME business actors who have not registered their trademarks due to limited capital and information about the benefits they receive. Trademark registration is considered to increase people's purchasing power towards a product because it can be used as a characteristic or differentiator from other products. Trademark registration can also receive legal protection for a product's trademark. Therefore, the use and legal protection of a trademark is considered very important for MSMEs. This research discusses the use of brands to increase income and legal protection for the Sego Pedes Basman Umkm Brand. The research uses qualitative research with a normative juridical approach method.

The purpose of writing this article is to compare the arrangements for the crime of incest under the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Malaysian Penal Code Act. The comparison includes the similarities, differences and advantages and disadvantages of each of these laws and regulations. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. The data collections uses literature study techniques and data analysis. Based on a comparison of the arrangements for the crime of incest under the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Malaysian Penal Code Act, there are several similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each of these arrangements. So from this comparison we can find several advantages of the Malaysian Penal Code Act, there are several similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each of these arrangements. So from this comparison we can find several advantages of the Malaysian Penal Code Act regulations regarding the crime of incest which can be input for the renewal of Indonesian Criminal Code regulations. That way, the regulation of incest crimes in Indonesia will be better.

This article aims to examine the principle of French religion being secular, or laïcité. France adopted this principle in 1905. This principle separates religious and state affairs, including state interference in religious worship. This principle also aims to protect the freedom of French people to adhere to or not adhere to religion and prevent religion from entering state institutions, one of which is education. The method used in this research is library research, namely a method of collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to the research.

The problem of land is a problem that stems from the current needs of the community both for residential use, business or for community livelihoods such as to grow vegetables. In Indonesia, the regulation of land or agrarian has only existed since 1960, namely by bringing up the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). In the UUPA It has been stipulated that legal certainty regarding land can only be legally recognized by registering the land and obtaining a certificate of title to the land. Then there is a PP regarding land registration, namely PP No. 24 of 1997. Before the issuance of the UUPA in 1960, the community had a Letter C from the village as proof of ownership of land rights. Even today there are still people who still hold the Letter C as proof of ownership. This is what researchers will discuss about the validity of Letter C which is still used by some communities related to old evidence of ownership of land rights. In assessing the validity or not of a Letter C, it is necessary to understand what are the legal requirements of a decision

This study aimed to describe the model of social conflict the resolution costumary forest Pubabu. The focus of this research study is history of forest position Pubabu costumary, root of the problem of social conflict the traditional forest Pubabu and model of conflict resolution the costumary forest social Pubabu. The method of this study is qualitative oriented. Some techniques of data collecting in this study are interview, field observation, field note and document study. Technicques of data collectin in this study is interactive by Miles and Huberman with itssteps of process: data collecting, reduction, verification, data presentation. The results obtained from this study as follows: 1). Costumary forest and costumary society, 2). Cooperation of between the community and the government so that happened the social conflict of the costumary forest Pubabu in the management of costumary forest by society and government with base perspective and aimed of different which one of start conflict the costumary forest of logging in the year 2003, 2006, 2008, 3). Minister of the environment of regulation the number 83 year 2016 about is social forestry that 5 offer concept are: village forest, community forest, plant forest society, costumary of forest and community partnership. But of the 5 it concept offers, aspirations of costumary society is costumary forest; The forest owned by indigenous people previously it was a state forest or not state forest. Costumary forest are owned by community and the forest by community and the forest management costumary  it managed by indigenous peoples. This concept becomes aspiration costumary society Pubabu, the beginning of the struggle until now.

Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 20/PUU-XIV/2016 states a lawsuit if civil procedural law applies to evidence. This is because there are differences in the law of proof with civil and criminal procedural law and considering the validity of evidence as a matter of procedural law also affects the legality of making documents, especially with electronic documents. Based on this description, the researcher makes several notes, especially regarding the certainty of an electronic contract law in Indonesia and the legality of e-contracts as evidence from a civil law point of view. The research results form the basis of legal certainty for electronic contracts in Indonesia based on article 5 of Law No. November 2008 concerning information and electronic transactions stipulated by the Constitutional Court Decision No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016, still based on the legality of electronic contracts used as evidence from a civil law perspective sourced from the decision of the Constitutional Court 20/PUU-XIV/2016 and provisions related to contracts in general are contained in the Civil Code.

This research aims to examine the legal protection provided by law to a child who becomes a worker in protecting and maintaining the legal rights and growth and development rights of a child. As well as providing knowledge for a child who will become a worker and for a business owner in employing a child into the workforce so that both parties understand their respective rights and obligations. This research was conducted in order to contribute to the legal protection of a child so that the growth and development of children can be guaranteed and protected properly and is intended to be useful for readers and add insight that is so important in applying special treatment for a child who becomes a worker.

The aim of this research is to find out what the legal consequences are of bad credit agreements where mortgage rights are not registered at the Gorontalo City National Land Agency office and to find out the factors that cause mortgage rights not to be registered. The type of research used is Normative Empirical research, using data types consisting of primary data, secondary data and tertiary data. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview, observation and literature techniques. Then the data is analyzed descriptively or provides an overview or explanation of the research subjects and objects as the results of the research conducted. The results of this research show that cases of bad credit agreements where mortgage rights were not registered at the national land agency office have occurred in the city of Gorontalo. So the legal consequence obtained from this case is that the bank as the creditor cannot prosecute in court because the mortgage which is used as collateral is not registered. Clearly this is detrimental and does not provide legal certainty for both parties concerned, especially because registration of mortgage rights determines the birth of mortgage rights. Then there are several factors that cause the mortgage rights not to be registered, namely, negligence on the part of the land owner, administrative obstacles, financial difficulties, approval from related parties and so on.

This research tries to analyze the influence of President Jokowi in the decision of Case number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 regarding the minimum age of presidential candidates and vice presidential candidates. We know that President Jokowi's name has recently become a topic of conversation, with rumors that he wants to nominate his son. became vice president, but in this case President Jokowi experienced a constitutional obstacle, namely that his son, Gibran, was still 36 years old. Who cannot be nominated because the requirement to become vice president in the 2024 presidential election must be 40 years old. This is an obstacle for President Jokowi to nominate his son to be vice president, who according to rumors has emerged as a pair with Prabowo Subianto. This research tries to understand how much influence there is in political intervention on the State Administration system and the influence of the family in the Constitutional Court's decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023. The results of the research show that the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates in October 2023 is a judicial decision that shows the family's interests because first, the discussion of the judicial review of the law is procedurally flawed

Natural disasters can happen anytime and anywhere without being predicted. The issue of natural disasters has a bad impact on many people, they can lose their lives and homes. The government in this case is directly in charge of handling this disaster case, namely the National Disaster Management Agency (abbreviated as BNPB) is a Non-ministerial Government Agency that has the task of assisting the President of the Republic of Indonesia in carrying out disaster management in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management. This research is a field research or empirical legal research, the methods used in data collection are interviews, observation and literature study, which was conducted in Nunbaun Delha Village and Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City.  Based on the results obtained by researchers based on the formulation of the problem of how far the effectiveness of the distribution of financial assistance to the victims of the seroja disaster in Nunbaun Delha Village and Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City, is the problem of the initial initiative to establish a command post post, raising assistance, identifying the needs of victims. Factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the distribution of financial assistance to victims of the seroja disaster in Nunbaun Delha Village and Manutapen Village, Alak District, Kupang City Coordination and Information and Distribution of social assistance is not on time to recipients of social assistance.

The management of oil and gas (Migas) in Indonesian energy law has witnessed a shift towards national control, including provisions in the 1945 Constitution that establish natural resources as state wealth. Law No. 22/2001 regulates various technical, economic, environmental, and community participation aspects of the oil and gas sector. Decisions by the Constitutional Court (MK) have clarified the state's ownership of Migas resources in accordance with the constitution. Renewable energy is crucial for Indonesia's sustainable development, with collaboration between the government and the private sector aimed at increasing the penetration of renewable energy, overcoming financial barriers, and protecting the environment. The MK's decision regarding Law No. 22/2001 supports state sovereignty, the interests of the people, and the goals of preserving natural resources and sustainable development. The key issue at hand is the nature of oil and gas management in Indonesian energy law and whether the legal considerations in the Constitutional Court's decision No. 36/PUU-X/2012 align with Indonesian energy law. The research method employed in this study is a normative juridical approach, also referred to as doctrinal research, which involves the examination of legal documents and literature. Through this research, Indonesia aims to fulfill its commitment to reducing environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels through renewable energy sources.

Tangggung jawab sosial lingkungan  merupakan komitmen usaha untuk bertindak secara etis, beroperasi secara legal dan berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan komunitas luas.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji mengenai tanggung jawab sosial lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh PT GARAM PERSERO berjalan sesuai dengan undang undang,tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan dalam bentuk apa yang telah dilakukan oleh PT GARAM PERSERO. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan Undang-Undang dan konseptual merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan bahan hukum dalam jurnal ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Metode analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan didalam jurnal ini merujuk pada deduktif yaitu menarik kesimpulan dari suatu permasalahan yang bersifat umum terhadap permasalahan konkret yang dihadapi..Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan oleh PT GARAM PERSERO melakukan sesuai perintah Pasal 74 UU No 40 Tahun 2009 Undang undang no 25 tahun 2007 tentang penanaman modal serta Peraturan pemerintah no 47 tahun 2012 tentang tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perseroan terbatas ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap dan jenis,diantaranya dari segi tanggung jawab sosial dan tanggung jawab lingkungan.

Pelaku unjuk rasa anarkis dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap terjadinya kerusakan maupun korban baik korban luka apalagi korban jiwa. Penelitian ini tentang Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Pelaku Anarkis dalam Unjuk Rasa dengan permasalahan apakah faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya unjuk rasa anarkis dan bagaimanakah analisis yuridis pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku anarkis dalam unjuk rasa? Pendekatan penelitian ini yakni yuridis normatif  yang berdasarkan data sekunder yakni teori-teori hukum pakar dari literatur, buku-buku, rujukan internet. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya unjuk rasa anarkis yakni  rasa kecewa pengunjuk rasa terhadap tuntutan, tidak dipatuhinya aturan hukum unjuk rasa, kurangnya antisipasi aparat keamanan, tindakan represif aparat keamanan, adanya provokator,  penggunaan alkohol dan obat terlarang, keinginan orang-orang tertentu untuk disebut pahlawan, keterlibatan orang-orang yang tidak memahami aturan pelaksanaan unjuk rasa,  keterlibatan orang-orang yang hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan, keterlibatan anak di bawah umur, adanya orang yang membawa senjata tajam, kurangnya antisipasi penanggung jawab unjuk rasa dan lemahnya pengamanan. Pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku anarkis dalam unjuk rasa dapat merujuk Pasal 16 Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1998 bahwa pelaku atau peserta pelaksanaan penyampaian pendapat di muka umum yang melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum, dapat dikenakan sanksi hukum sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Adapun ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dimaksud antara lain Pasal 170 KUHP Pasal 406 dan Pasal  407 KUHP atau Pasal 212 dan Pasal 214 KUHP. Pertanggungjawaban pidana dapat diterapkan terhadap pelaku, yang menyuruhlakukan, turut serta melakukan dan pembantuan tindak pidana dalam unjuk rasa anarkis

The legalizing of the work act sparked deep-rooted controversy in society, even since it was first proposed by the President. This situation is highly reasonable, especially with new society conditions emerging from the covid-19 pandemic, misunderstandings are natural and disagreements are easy. The copyright law was hasty as it revised dozens of existing laws. Omnibus law appeared on President Joko Widodo's proposal on his inaugural address to the people's assembly on October 20, 2019. The President proposed omnibus law to have overlapping regulations eliminated. The government has also expressed hope with the growing number of pollutive Omnibus Laws in the public and has also attracted foreign investors to invest in Indonesia. Omnibus law has generated controversy in society as it overcomes most of the previous legislation with the new one. This new act. Omnibus law provided an easier passage, as regulations and permits impeded increased construction.

Issuance of General Election Commission Regulation Number 10 of 2023 concerning the Nomination of Members of the DPR, Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD, special wabil Article 8 paragraph (2) raises a new polemic because it is felt to deny the value of the struggle for democracy and the rule of law principle which has been painstakingly built so far sucks. The regulation is considered to reduce and distort the instrument of struggle for women's groups known as the affirmative action quota for women's representation of 30% in Parliament. The purpose of this study is to describe the problems that occur and discuss them in depth through methodological analysis. The research method that the author uses in this work is normative-juridical research with a library research approach which is coupled with gender theory and democratic principles and which is linked to the theme of this research discussion and uses qualitative methods. Research results Based on the description above, the authors conclude that Article 8 paragraph (2) PKPU 10/2023 is contrary to the principles of non-discrimination and the substantive equality and justice approach because it is not in line with the spirit of The Convention on the elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW ) which is further regulated in Law no. 7/1984 concerning the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Furthermore, the PKPU is not in line with the idea of ??equality contained in the body of the 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia such as Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D paragraph (3), Article 28H paragraph (2), and Article 28I paragraph (2). Article 8 paragraph (2) PKPU 10/2023 does not follow up on the essence of the legal norms of Article 245 Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections.
 

The neutrality of ASN in elections is something that the government needs to pay attention to and supervise. Because the principle of neutrality is an obligation for ASN to be implemented properly and correctly. From the election moment in the previous period, it is evident that there is a need for reaffirmation both in the form of regulations and supervision. Bawaslu has the duty and authority to prevent and take action against ASN who commit neutrality violations. So this research uses the Normative Juridical Method whose approach uses a statutory approach. The aim of this research is to find out the legal basis that regulates ASN neutrality in elections and how Bawaslu will act in dealing with violations of ASN neutrality in elections.

Legal protection for children is a very crucial aspect in efforts to ensure the fulfillment of human rights, especially for children. Children are immature people and must be protected as strictly as possible. The implementation of this legal protection still faces various challenges, including a lack of awareness among the public regarding their rights and also the existence of a culture that can sometimes conflict with the principles of human rights. This more integrated and sustainable effort from various parties, including the government and the general public, can protect a right that is carried out effectively. Education and public awareness regarding important things to protect children's rights, such as improving an environment that can develop and also the overall welfare of children.

Furnace cu marriage is a marriage carried out between the daughter of a brother and the son of a biological sister. The marriage of the furnace cu has been carried out since ancient times so that it is carried out from generation to generation by the people of Timung Village. This marriage is an incestuous marriage prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage in Article 8b. At the time the marriage law came into force in 1974, there were still those who carried out cu furnace marriages (inbreeding). The formulation of the problem from the research is: How is the legal awareness of the people of Kampung Timung, regarding furnace cu marriage (inbreeding) which is prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage? And How is the existence of the furnace cu marriage in Timung Village at this time? The purpose of this study is to determine the legal awareness of the people of Timung Village regarding furnace cu marriage (inbreeding) which is prohibited in Law Number 1 of 1974. The second purpose is to find out the existence or existence of the cu furnace marriage in Timung Village at this time. The type of research used in this study is a type of empirical legal research. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data processing and analysis techniques, namely editing, coding, data systematization, then the data obtained both primary and secondary data will be processed and analyzed by researchers based on problem formulations. Based on the results of research that researchers have conducted, legal awareness of the Timung Village Community is still low because the Timung Village Community does not know and understand that cu furnace marriage (incestuous marriage) is prohibited in the Marriage Law, so that after the Marriage Law has come into effect in 1974 the Timung Village community still practices cu furnace marriage until 2005. The legal awareness of the Timung Village Community after the Marriage Law came into effect in 1974 against the ban on marriage was caused by several factors such as, customary factors, low level of education, compulsion due to arranged marriages by parents, lack of legal counseling from the government regarding the prohibition of marriage contained in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The existence of furnace cu marriages at this time, is rarely found and has begun to fade, influenced by several factors such as bans from the church, fear that offspring will be born defective, the influence of social media.

E-court is a court instrument as a form of service to the public in terms of registering cases carried out by the parties online, estimating court costs electronically, paying downpayments online, summoning online and sending court documents online. The purpose of this research to study the effectiveness of implementing e-court electronic trials in the Pamekasan District Court. This study uses normative legal research methods. The statutory and conceptual approaches are the approaches used in this research. The collection of legal materials in this journal uses library research. The method of analysis of legal materials used in this journal refers to deductive, namely drawing conclusions from a general problem to the concrete problems faced. The results of this research show that there are advantages and disadvantages in implementing electronic trials in the Pamekasan district court and the need for them. Further adaptation by the community in the latest innovations in case handling. In accordance with Perma No. 1 of  2019.

Policy Implementation is in principle a rare or way that is done so that the policy can achieve its goals. Policy implementation aims to measure the extent of the impact on society and the extent of implementation achieved. This type of research is empirical juridical research. The types and sources of data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from the research location through direct interviews with respondents and based on researcher observations. Secondary data is data obtained from literature studies. The data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the results of this study, it shows that (1) The effectiveness of the policy implementation of the Kupang Mayor Regulation on the Use of Health Protocols, namely: (a) Kupang City government participation, (b) government performance. (2) Factors inhibiting the implementation of the law are: (a) Limited qualified human resources, (b) limited facilities and infrastructure, (c) the mindset of the community regarding the enforcement of health protocols.

International criminal law deals with extraordinary crimes, including the crime of genocide, which has been prohibited and regulated by various international treaties such as the 1948 Genocide Convention, the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR), and the 1998 Rome Statute. This research aims to understand the crime of genocide in the context of International Law and its related dispute resolution methods. This research uses a doctrinal or normative juridical research approach.
The results show that genocide crimes often arise as a result of the struggle for tribal rights which is a minority group. In addition, the existence of religious and racial fanaticism can also play a role in encouraging cultural discrimination that leads to the crime of genocide. In response to these crimes, International Law has developed regulations and dispute resolution mechanisms.
This research provides an in-depth understanding of the root causes of the crime of genocide and highlights the role of International Law in addressing such acts. Dispute resolution methods, whether through peaceful or coercive means, become relevant in responding to the crime of genocide and upholding international justice. As such, this research contributes to further understanding of the complexity and urgency of addressing the crime of genocide within the framework of International Law.

The bill governs the administration of liability-rights. The rights of the liquefied are not divided unless promised in the document the rights are given. If a lien was applied to a certain land right, then it could be agreed upon in the corresponding document of the lien grant, that the payment of secured debts could be made in installments of the same amount as the price of liens. It is part of the title of the load that will be separated from the rights of the load, so the rights of the load in turn weigh only the remainder of the load to secure the rest of the debt. Land rights that can be encumbered with a mortgage are property rights, commercial property rights, and building rights. In addition to the land rights, the land rights of the state that, according to the prevailing regulations of legislation, must be registered and depending on the property that can be deducted, can also be the property rights.

Criminal provisions in a statutory regulation are certain doses or remedies as a means of achieving the formulated goals. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the inconsistency of the material content of the criminal provisions against the formulation of the objectives of legal certainty in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. The research method uses a normative juridical method. Secondary data in the form of primary legal data on laws and regulations related to the criminal provisions of the Minerba Law is elaborated so that the adequacy of the content of the criminal provisions is able to test the clarity of the objectives of legal certainty.
The results found that there were inconsistencies in criminal provisions as a means of achieving goals in the formulation of guaranteeing legal certainty. The application of Article 162 of the Mineral and Coal Law is subjective and tends to criminalize members of the community around mineral and coal mining. This fact proves that the objective of legal certainty is objective, ambiguous with subjective criminal means. The main article of criminal provisions in the Minerba Law is Article 158 which is systematically constructed with Article 35. Basically, the criminal provisions are used as the legal regime for licensing in the strategies and techniques of government control and control in the mineral and coal sector.

International bilateral agreements in the form of investment have an important role and significance in promoting development growth and economic progress. Through such agreements, the host country has the opportunity to attract foreign investors to operate and invest in various sectors in its territory. As a result, the home country can freely invest in various industrial sectors in the host country. The home country and the host country conclude an agreement in the form of international bilateral agreements called "investment promotion and protection agreements" or bilateral investment treaties/BITs. One such agreement is the international bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on industrial promotion and protection signed in 2018 and effective in 2021, which will be discussed in this journal.

Group companies grow and develop and many group companies cannot be controlled so that they can result in monopolies. The monopoly will occur in networks or business relationships owned by group companies. This relationship can be understood as a legal entity that has a relationship within the grub company.
This research method uses normative research, where normative legal research is research by collecting secondary data that is in accordance with the problem to be studied and then processed.
The results of this study explain that the responbility of the holding company to its subsidiaries in group companies is a legal relationship related to the parent and subsidiary companyes. This legal relationship after the merger, the parent company has the authority as the majority shareholder of the subsidiary. Therefore the parent company will control the operation of the subsidiary. The parent and subsidiary companies have different articles of a of association are a positive law where if the articles of association are violated it will result in the cancellation of the transaction. If the subsidiary is sued and the subsidiary violates the law, the party who is aggrieved will be sued, namely the subsidiary because based on the law, the subsidiary has its own responbilities in running the company.

Keresahan masyarakat dan tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah akibat banyak sekali oknum pemerintah yang melakukan tindak korupsi. Namun ada beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam upaya optimalisasi kasus korupsi di Indonesia yaitu dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi yang ada dan berkembang pesat saat ini. Kehadiran sebuah teknologi tersebut membantu pemerintah dalam upaya mengurangi angka korupsi terhadap pengelolaan keuangan di Indonesia. Kehadiran Blockchain Open Ladger System memberikan sebuah solusi untuk pengelolaan keuangan dalam rangka mengurangi angka korupsi di Indonesia. Penulisan artikel ini mengacu kepada uraian permasalahan diatas dengan menerapkan dan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi yang ada dalam era society 5.0. Metode yang digunakan yaitu literature review yang bersumber kepada penelitian terdahulu. Hasil dari pembahasan ini menunjukan bahwa Blockchain Open Ladger System merupakan sistem yang bergerak dalam proses transparansi pengelolaan keuangan. Dalam sistem ini masyarakat dapat mengetahui dengan jelas arah perputaran anggaran keuangan negara yang berjalan sehingga apabila terjadi penyelewengan atau ketidaksesuaian akan dapat langsung terdeteksi pelaku atau permasalahannya.
 

Bahasa plays a very important role for people and society, for example by creating a tool to maintain the exchange of ideas between, among, or within groups of people within a particular group. Groups are also considered personal identities. Communication is an activity that unites, connects and builds relationships between many people. This scientific work aims to formulate the problem of the role of Indonesian in facing the era of globalization. This research uses a literature review method, which means this method examines the results of analysis of various conceptual information as well as qualitative and quantitative data from various previously published scientific articles. Almost all agreements in Indonesia are dominated by long sentences, up to eighty to one hundred words in one sentence. This is ironic, because Indonesian shouldn't be like that, thus showing clichéd mistakes that keep repeating themselves and lead to uncertainty. In short, understanding Indonesian is no longer the responsibility of a linguist or writer, but also of legal practitioners as the spearhead of law enforcement in Indonesia.

This research examines the regulation of remuneration for Foundation executives in Indonesia, focusing on legal aspects and its implementation. As Foundations evolve to support social, religious, and humanitarian objectives, cases of misappropriation of Foundation funds have emerged, highlighting the need for tighter oversight. Through a normative juridical approach and descriptive analysis, this study details the issues surrounding remuneration regulations, emphasizes instances of financial misconduct, and discusses the importance of establishing an external supervisory body or regulatory changes. The implementation of Good Corporate Governance and Good Cooperative Governance principles within the Foundation context is also explored. This research responds to the need for integrity, transparency, and accountability in Foundation management to achieve the humanitarian goals they undertake. The conclusion underscores the necessity for further action, including the establishment of an external supervisory body or regulatory strengthening.

This study aims to identify and analyze the causes and legal consequences of falsifying a health certificate or a Rapid Test Covid-19 letter. This research is included in descriptive empirical research with data collection carried out through document studies and interviews, and is supported by primary legal materials in the form of applicable regulations and related to forgery of rapid test letters, secondary materials of law books and also legal journals related to forgery of letters rapid test. The data collected through research was analyzed qualitatively by arranging existing sentences so that they were easy to understand. The results of this study indicate that the factors that cause rapid test letter falsification are economic factors, time factors, factors of someone who wants to pass to travel outside the region, factors of intention and opportunity. The application of sanctions for perpetrators of crimes in the form of document forgery is generally regulated in the Criminal Code in Article 263 paragraph (1), so that criminal sanctions for perpetrators of forgery of rapid test letters are punishable by a maximum penalty of 6 (six) years in prison.

This study aims to: 1), Know the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency), Know about - factors that affect the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and the obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. To achieve this goal, researchers use data collection techniques through, observation, interviews, and documentation or literature studies. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using qualitative analysis to find out about the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency and Know about- what factors influence implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. The results of this study show that: 1. the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles In Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency has not been fully carried out optimally because of the existence of people who are pro and con to every decision made, Regarding the implementation of the supervisory function carried out has been carried out properly so as to minimize the occurrence of deviations from the implementation of Village Regulations and APBDes. 2. factors that affect the implementation of BPD's supervisory function are affectedby 2 (two) factors, namely internal factors which include community support/participation in BPD, and good cooperative relations between BPD and Village Government. While the second factor is external factors which include the lack of benefits provided to BPD members, facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources who fill BPD membership and the existence of communities that are pro and con to every decision made.

From traditional trading practices to today's global financial system, credit agreements have played an important role in the formation of the world economy. Good faith can often be said to be a high norm in civil law, especially in contracts, because objective good faith refers to a normative concept related to moral standards in carrying out legal actions, especially in carrying out auctions. Bad faith is a contario of the definition of good faith, namely that good faith will be the background for someone to act against the law which results in harm to another party. Bad faith has not been clearly regulated in any statutory regulations, so determining whether someone is acting in bad faith is not easy considering that there are no provisions related to bad faith in statutory provisions, including BW. This research aims to analyze the basic determinants of bad faith in the implementation of mortgage rights execution auctions by banks based on credit agreements and the legal consequences for banks who act in bad faith in implementing mortgage rights auctions. The research method used in the research is normative legal research using a statutory approach, case approach and conceptual approach. This research uses legal materials sourced from primary legal materials and secondary legal materials which are then collected through literature study, analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of the research are that the basis for determining the existence of bad faith can be seen from actions that violate the law which are not based on the principle of caution or are not careful in carrying out their duties. Therefore, as a legal consequence of bad faith, you can file a lawsuit for cancellation of the auction which causes the auction to be canceled to the Local District Court.

Cinematographic work is protected by law under the Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014 in Indonesia. The fundamental principle is that the Creator is entitled to fair remuneration for the use of their work, in line with the alter-ego concept that gives the highest position to the Creator. In contrast to Indonesia, Germany has clearly regulated the procedures for the collection, management, and distribution of remuneration through the Urheberrechtsgesetz and the Collective Management Organization (CMO) operating with authorization from the Creator. The research method used is juridical-normative with a descriptive analysis approach. This study applies a comparative legal approach, utilizing data from both conventional and online literary sources, as well as interviews. The research findings indicate that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations to protect the economic rights of digital cinematography. The absence of a Collective Management Organization (CMO) leads to an imbalance in licensing agreements between the Creator and digital platforms as users of cinematographic works.

The objectives of this research are: 1. To determine the role of the Sikka resort police in reducing cases of two-wheeled vehicle theft in the city of Maumere. 2. To find out the factors that hinder the success of the Sikka resort police in reducing cases of two-wheeled vehicle theft in the city of Maumere. The type of research used by researchers is empirical legal research. It is oriented towards primary data (field research results). The results of the research show that 1. The Sikka Resort Police carries out various important roles, namely: receiving complaints from the public, carrying out investigations, which are then followed by delegation files to the public prosecutor to be forwarded during the examination of the case in court. In their preventive role, the Sikka Resort Police do this by holding activities such as certain operations, selective raids, guarding, police patrols and routine patrols. Meanwhile, the repressive role of the Sikka Resort Police takes action jointly with the prosecutor's office and the court in imposing criminal sanctions. 2. Factors that hinder the Sikka Resort Police in dealing with criminal acts of motor vehicle theft include the public being late in reporting, the perpetrator running away, the reporter not knowing who committed the theft, the reporter having no witnesses, evidence (no CCTV), vehicle without keys, lack of evidence and evidence, difficulties when searching for lost vehicles because they are still carrying out manual checks.

A limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as PT) is a capital partnership established under an agreement. This means that in the establishment of a PT there are two or more people in an establishment. In practice there are married couples who establish a joint PT. And in principle, the married couple has joint property after marriage, which means they are considered as one party or one property together. With these circumstances, it is considered not to meet the requirements for the establishment of PT. Law No. 40 of 2007 also does not regulate the exact provisions related to who can become shareholders. For this event, the author is interested in discussing about: (1) What is the validity of a Limited Liability Company established by husband and wife? (2) What are the legal consequences for a limited liability company established by husband and wife? The approach method used in this study is normative juridical, legislative research approach and literature study is carried out by studying literature books and scientific papers related to this issue. The implication is that if the husband and wife do not make a marriage agreement, it will make the husband and wife a subject of law, and be personally responsible for the engagement and losses incurred by the Company and make the liability of the PT unlimited.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts and obstacles in overcoming the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency. This research is empirical research, which is research conducted directly in the field and carried out at the Manggarai Resort Police and the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A) of Manggarai Regency. Data collection techniques used interviews and document/literature studies. The data used were primary and secondary data. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study show that: (1) The efforts made by the Manggarai Resort Police and DP3A of Manggarai Regency in overcoming the crime of baby dumping are Repressive and Preventive efforts. (2) The inhibiting factors in the efforts to overcome the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency are the difficulty in identifying the perpetrators of baby dumping, limited human resources, facilities and infrastructure, agencies that do not carry out their duties properly, community conditions. 

Development is a process in which a condition, situation, or entity experiences change or progress from one state to another that is better or more advanced. In a broader context, development can cover various fields, such as economic, technological, social, cultural and political. Development is often associated with positive progress or growth. Development can also refer to a more general process of change, including changes in people's thoughts, views, and values. Development refers to the physical, mental, emotional, and social growth that occurs throughout a person's life cycle. Violations are actions or behavior that violate established rules, laws, norms or codes of ethics. Violation often refers to actions that violate laws or regulations imposed by the government. This can include actions such as theft, violence, fraud, drug abuse, and so on. Violations of the law can impact individuals, groups, or society as a whole and can result in legal consequences, such as incarceration, fines, or other penalties. Violations reflect non-compliance or violation of established standards, and often result in negative impacts, both for the individual who violates and for other people or society as a whole. In Indonesia, there are regulations regarding Human Rights (HAM), which have been implemented in established laws and regulations. In Indonesia, Human Rights (HAM) can be regulated in various laws and regulations such as: 1956 Constitution, articles 18-34 concerning Human Rights (HAM). These articles can guarantee basic rights such as the right to life, freedom, justice, legal protection, religious freedom, and the right to get a job. Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights (HAM). This law is a regulation that specifically regulates human rights in Indonesia. This law states the Indonesian government's commitment to Human Rights (HAM) and establishes the basic principles and mechanisms for protecting Human Rights (HAM). And also, Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts (HAM), which regulates law enforcement against human rights violations in Indonesia, including the establishment of a Human Rights Court as a special law enforcement institution that examines and adjudicates cases of violations. HAM. The development and violations of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia have a significant impact on society, the government and the country as a whole. The following is the impact, namely the protection and promotion of individual rights, where the development of Human Rights (HAM) has a positive impact by ensuring that individual basic rights are respected and promoted. This includes the right to freedom of opinion, freedom of religion, the right to legal protection, economic, social and cultural rights. This development strengthens democracy and the welfare of society as a whole

This study aims to compare the legal framework governing the criminal offense of abortion in Indonesia with the policy on abortion practices in Canada. Using the comparative law method, this analysis investigates aspects of the law relating to abortion, including laws, regulations, and court decisions in both countries. Cultural, religious and social factors are also considered in the context of the different legal approaches to abortion in the two countries. The results highlight significant differences in legal approaches and societal views towards abortion between Indonesia and Canada. The implications of this comparison are discussed to enrich the understanding of abortion law and generate ideas for policy reforms or adjustments appropriate to each country's context. This research contributes to a global understanding of the legal and moral issues related to abortion and provides a foundation for further discussion in developing more effective and humane policies related to abortion at the national and international levels.

This research aims to (1) determine the Inspectorate's supervisory function in preventing misuse of Village Funds and (2) to analyze and formulate what factors influence the Inspectorate's function in carrying out its function as a supervisory element to prevent misuse of Village Funds in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This type of research is empirical research, namely research that examines community behavior that arises due to the existence of a legal rule, or vice versa, the formation of a legal rule due to behavior in society by conducting field research and literature review. The results of this research show that the prevention process carried out The Regional Inspectorate prevents misuse of Village Funds by supervising and controlling the management of Village Funds. Factors that influence its effectiveness are legal substance: There are no regional regulations or regent regulations regarding supervisory procedures. Legal structure: The number of auditors is still limited. Legal culture: An inspection process that does not fully reach the field. Where the law applies: There are 7 sub-districts and 83 villages in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Infrastructure: Limited facilities for mobilization and the absence of an online site as a source of information and public complaints. The research conclusion shows that the supervision carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of South Bolaang Mongondow Regency has not been effective.

Every person experiences disagreements, conflicts, issues, and confrontations in their lifetime. Nobody wants to get into a disagreement with someone else. Each business actor, particularly in economic activities, should always be prepared for the possibility of disagreements that may arise at any point in the future. Here, the business actor will select the form of dispute resolution that best fits their requirements. This study employed a normative juridical research methodology that combines a doctrinal and statutory regulation approach. This study concludes that arbitration is a non-litigation dispute settlement mechanism. With its many benefits, arbitration plays a big part in settling business conflicts.

The recognition of electronic evidence as evidence that can be submitted to court and recognized as valid evidence has been carried out since 1977 through the Company Documents Law which stipulates that microfilm containing recorded documents of a company can be submitted as evidence in court if it arises in the future. lawsuit. According to the Company Documents Law, electronic document evidence is part of documentary evidence, whereas the Corruption Law clearly explains that electronic information and electronic documents are an extension of documentary evidence. Because electronic mail in the form of electronic information or electronic documents has been recognized as one of the valid pieces of evidence in special crimes outside the Criminal Code, in line with the legal evidence in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code which is a new type of evidence, it is hoped that investigators, public prosecutors, advisors The law and judges have an understanding of this electronic evidence. In examining criminal cases, it is hoped that the judge will impose a sentence based on two valid pieces of evidence and the judge will be convinced that the defendant is guilty of committing a criminal act, then the judge must impose the maximum sentence according to the prosecutor's demands, so that the defendant will be deterred and the public's sense of justice will be fulfilled.
 

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji upaya perlindungan konsumen dari segi pengawasan pemerintah dalam kasus minyak goreng curah dengan logo halal palsu di Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendakatan perundang-undangan dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masyarakat, lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat dan pemerintah berperan secara bersamaan dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap produk yang beredar di pasaran dalam kasus minyak goreng curah dengan logo halal palsu, sesuai dengan amanat UUD 1945 serta Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen bahwa tujuan pengawasan ini dilakukan untuk melindungi segenap bangsa dalam hal ini konsumen dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan. Dilakukan penindakan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku oleh kepolisian agar memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku usaha.
 

.Penyalahgunaan zat terkait aborsi adalah masalah utama dengan risiko kesehatan dan etika. Praktek ini melibatkan penggunaan obat-obatan yang tidak diatur dan dilakukan tanpa pengawasan medis yang ketat. Fokus utama artikel ini adalah pada penyalahgunaan obat-obatan yang digunakan sebagai alat aborsi. Artikel ini menyajikan ketentuan hukum penyalahgunaan narkoba sebagai sarana aborsi dari perspektif hukum pidana Indonesia dan Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana hukum pidana Indonesia dan Islam memperlakukan penyalahgunaan narkoba sebagai sarana untuk mengakhiri kehamilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Artinya, penulis tidak menggunakan satu sampel pun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode kepustakaan dan penulis mengidentifikasi secara sistematis sumber-sumber yang terkait dengan objek. Setelah menerima data, penulis menganalisis data peraturan hukum yang diperoleh pada subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menurut hukum pidana Indonesia dan hukum pidana Islam, penyalahgunaan zat dalam aborsi membawa hukuman yang berbeda untuk dokter, pelaku aborsi dan pelaku aborsi. Hukuman terberat menurut hukum pidana Indonesia adalah penjara dan denda sebesar Rp. 1 miliar bagi pelaku tindak pidana yang dikenai hukuman Ta’zir menurut hukum pidana Islam

Bisnis keluarga adalah jenis usaha unik yang menghadapi sejumlah tantangan dan peluang. Tiga isu utama yang sering muncul dalam bisnis keluarga adalah prinsip kepemimpinan, kepemilikan, dan manajemen. oleh karena itu anggota keluarga sebagai pemegang ssaham memiliki peranan oenting dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dalam konteks ini, pemegang saham minoritas dalam perusahaan keluarga sering kali menghadapi tantangan dalam memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Keterbatasan perlindungan hukum ini dapat berdampak pada hak-hak pemegang saham minoritas dan integritas operasional perusahaan keluarga secara keseluruhan. Dalam jurnal ini membahas bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang saham minoritas dalam perusahaan keluarga yaitu di PT Citra Muamalat Mandiri dikaitkan dengan prinsip-prinsip manajement perusahaan keluarga. Oleh karena itu Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif empiris dengan pendekatan deduktif.
Pengumpulan data berupa teori-teori berbagai sumber dan kemudian menghasilkan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa PT Citra Muamalat Mandiri dalam melindungi pemegang saham minoritas sudah sesuai dengan UU yang berlaku.
 

Salah satu prinsip perlindungan hukum terhadap pengelolaan perseroan terbuka yaitu transparansi dalam pengelolaannya. Kewajiban disclosure atau transparansi (keterbukaan informasi) dalam pengelolaan suatu perseroan merupakan hal pokok yang harus dilakukan untuk mewujudkan prinsip Good Corporate Governance. Ketidakadilan yang dialami pemegang saham minoritas tersebut memberikan dampak yang merugikan bagi para pemegang saham, maka demokrasi perusahaan perlu juga ditumbuhkan dengan memberi kemungkinan kepada pemegang saham minoritas untuk memiliki upaya perlindungan hukum. Oleh karena itu perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang saham minoritas pada perseroan terbuka harus diutamakan dan menjadi target utama dalam regulasi hukum. Penelitian hukum ini meneliti bagaimana memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan terbuka. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan terbuka terkait dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan bagaimana upaya hukum pemegang saham minoritas terkait dengan perlindungan hukum tersebut. Kajian hukum ini didasarkan pada pendekatan hukum normatif, yaitu kajian yang mengkaji seperangkat peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan suatu pokok bahasan.

The objective taken by the researchers was to find out what the BPOM's obstacles were in controlling the distribution of illegal cosmetics in Gorontalo City, one of the efforts made by the government to improve public health and carry out supervision by forming BPOM. Cosmetic products that do not have distribution permits or are illegal which do not comply with applicable regulations are still a problem for the people of Gorontalo. This can be seen from the existence of cosmetic distribution facilities that sell illegal cosmetics that have not been controlled by BPOM in Gorontalo City. This study uses an empirical juridical legal research method that aims to analyze the problems that are carried out by combining legal materials (which are secondary data) with primary data obtained in the field. From research at the BPOM office, the authors found that there are still many unlicensed cosmetics business actors who commit fraudulent acts in producing cosmetics without a distribution permit with chemicals obtained at low prices without thinking about the impact on the consumers who use them, which causes BPOM's losses. obstacles in distribution monitoring. Illegal cosmetics due to lack of control over goods entering the city area, especially the city of Gorontalo, lack of public knowledge to distinguish genuine cosmetics from fakes, so that the circulation of illegal cosmetics is rampant. In general, people are only interested in cheap prices without being keen to know the basic ingredients for making these cosmetics, cosmetic ingredients that are easily and cheaply found on the market and counterfeiters' knowledge about the composition of counterfeit cosmetics are the contributing factors. Illegal distribution of cosmetics.
 
 
           

Conflicts between humans and wild crocodiles still occur frequently in East Nusa Tenggara. Conflicts often occur with residents who live on coastlines and river estuaries, where most of the population earn their living as fishermen and farmers. The objectives of this research are: (1) Want to know the form of legal protection for people who are attacked by crocodiles in crocodile habitats. (2) Want to know the pattern of conflict management between humans and crocodiles in their habitat. This research is a type of empirical juridical research, or what is called field research, namely examining applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. Empirical juridical research is legal research regarding the application or implementation of normative legal provisions in action in every legal event that occurs in society. The results of this research show: (1) Legal protection that protects every human right that is attacked by a crocodile has been clearly regulated in law number 5 of 1990, government regulation number 7 of 199 9, government regulation number 13 of 1994, and ministerial regulations forestry number P.08 of 2008. (2) Efforts to overcome conflict between crocodiles and humans have been carried out by establishing a SATGAS or task force for dealing with conflict between humans and wild animals and consists of two units, where one unit is tasked with dealing with the community and the other unit tasked with dealing with wild animals. There are also several government agencies in it to respond to reports quickly and handle them according to SOPs or standard operational procedures for handling conflicts between humans and wild crocodiles which serve as standard guidelines for handling conflicts reported by the public. As well as efforts from the government, there have also been short-term efforts such as outreach and long-term efforts such as conducting more in-depth research on crocodiles. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that there will be awareness from all components, both society and government, so as not to excessively convert land so that it destroys the natural habitat of crocodiles and causes crocodiles to escape into public areas.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the misuse of official cars in review of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the eradication of criminal acts of corruption in the Kupang City Government. This research uses Empirical Legal Research method with primary data legal sources collected through interviews with respondents and observation of the research location as well as secondary legal data sources collected through literature study or document study. The results of the research indicate that the misuse of official cars related to the crime of corruption, namely abuse of authority in this case the misuse of official cars in the crime of corruption refers to the formulation of Article 3 of the Law on Criminal Acts of Corruption (UUTPK), namely with the aim of benefiting oneself or another person or a corporation abusing the authority, opportunity or means available to him because of his position or position that can harm state finances. Law enforcement against the misuse of official cars outside the office, namely: preventive law enforcement and repressive law enforcement. From the results of the study, the researcher concluded that the regulation of the minister of home affairs number 7 of 2006 concerning the standardization of local government work facilities and infrastructure article 1 letter g, what is meant by official vehicles is government property that is used only for official purposes, consisting of individual service vehicles, operational service vehicles / official service vehicles, and special service vehicles / fields.Conclusion related to law enforcement efforts against the misuse of official cars outside the office, namely carried out by preventive and repressive actions. 

The position of witnesses in the criminal justice process occupies a key position, as seen in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code (hereinafter abbreviated to KUHAP). The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. In the criminal justice system, witnesses have not been maximally protected in a number of laws and regulations such as in the Criminal Procedure Code and in the Criminal Code, where witnesses have not received maximum attention because in the law above, almost in the articles of the Criminal Procedure Code there is not a single article that specifically regulates witness protection and almost every article in the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Code, witness rights are always included with the rights of victims. The Criminal Procedure Code, which has so far been the basis for proceedings in Indonesian criminal justice, does not regulate the rights and protection of witnesses fundamentally or specifically even though there are several provisions. in the Criminal Procedure Code which regulates, regarding the rights of a witness as Article 108 paragraph (1) reads: every person who experiences, sees and witnesses and/or becomes a victim of an incident which constitutes a criminal act has the right to submit a report or complaint to the investigator or investigator either verbally or verbally. writing.

Hak asasi manusia merupakan sebuah hak fundamental yang diberikan oleh tuhan TME. Kepada sebuah individu yang disebut manusia. Hak asasi ini tidak diberikan dan dicampurtangani oleh pihak eksternal, karena HAM merupakan sebuah hak yang menjadi keharusan atau kodrati dari seorang manusia sejak ia lahir. Dalam hak dasar manusia, kita juga mengenal mengenai hak untuk tinggal di lingkungan yang sehat. Untuk mendapatkan lingkungan yang sehat, harus adanya sebuah rasa sadar diri untuk senantiasa selalu menjaga lingkungan hidup. Pelestarian lingkungan hidup dibutuhkan agar alam selalu Lestari dan terjaga, karena dalam praktisnya, manusia sangat berhubungan dan berkaitan satu sama lain dengan alam dan sangat membutuhkan alam sebagai tempat tinggal manusia, sehingga pelestarian lingkungan hidup juga berkaitan dengan Hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif.

Danger or nood can occur anytime and anywhere, in this case, it can only occur in a certain area or it can even occur as a whole in the territory of a country.The purpose of this research is to give an idea that emergency constitutional law provides reasons or the basis for granting the state a right to take action in overcoming or dealing with dangerous situations.This qualitative research used a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description when the research was conducted. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to stipulate an emergency law that regulates matters of governance that due to urgent circumstances need to be regulated immediately.

The rapid development of information and communication technology produces a multifunctional internet. This development brings us to the threshold of the fourth revolution in the history of human thought, when viewed from the construction of human knowledge which is characterized by a borderless way of thinking. The acceleration of technology is increasingly increasing which is the material cause of continuous change in all interactions and activities of the information society.

A role is a set of behaviors expected of a person according to his social position. Roles are based on rules and expectations because it is the role that explains what individuals must do in a given situation in order to meet their own expectations or the expectations of others. The purpose of this research is to know the role of Village Community Empowerment Institution in Binalang Village, and this research uses qualitative research method. Instrument researchers are researchers themselves. From the results of this study concluded that the role of LPMD in Binalang Village is not optimal, this is seen from the low ability of LPMD to increase community participation and lack of ability to plan development. To overcome the problems related to the low role of the Community Empowerment Institution, it is necessary to train the quality improvement program of human resources for LPMD management in the form of providing training with orientation to the main task and function of LPMD itself.
 
 

Human rights protect individuals, groups, or property. The nation or state officials as part of the country have an international obligation to protect the community and their property, where international human rights standards are established and developed in various international forums. This study aims to provide a critical review of the Convention related to Human Rights which guarantees the right of everyone to be treated equally before the law regardless of race, color, origin, and ethnicity, which also forms the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination to supervise its implementation. This qualitative research used a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly in accordance with the description when conducting research. The results of this study showed that the principles of human rights guide law enforcement in prosecuting criminals. These principles emphasize the importance of supervision (including clarity in the chain of command) of law enforcement agencies. These principles also explain in detail the guarantee of the right to life fulfillment.

In Indonesia, the central issue of all elections is the management of election money. This issue creates various consequences for election administrators, voters, and voters, so increasing monetary policy practices also becomes a major issue in every election administration. The amount of money circulating in the 2024 election will likely increase from the 2019 legislative election. This is based on several factors. First, the electoral system and mechanism have not changed since 2019. This means that the personal side of elections, or the orientation of competition, still relies on candidates, not political parties. Second, the direction of the 2024 Pileg contestation is still based on the popularity and personality of the candidates. Third, to be elected, each candidate continues to try to increase his popularity, increase campaign activities, and finance himself.