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The increasing demand for sustainable electricity requires hybrid renewable energy systems capable of improving power supply reliability and operational supervision under variable energy-source conditions. Purpose: This study aims to design and implement a laboratory-scale hybrid renewable energy control system integrating an Archimedes screw turbine and a photovoltaic system with PLC-based control and SCADA monitoring. Methodology: An experimental design and implementation approach was employed by integrating renewable energy generation, battery storage, electrical measurement devices, an industrial PLC, HMI, and cloud-based SCADA platform. Electrical voltage, current, power, energy, battery condition, and load status were acquired during laboratory testing and evaluated based on the functionality of monitoring, data logging, trend visualization, alarm notification, battery protection, and load control. Findings: The developed system successfully integrated renewable energy generation and industrial automation into a unified supervisory platform. The PLC continuously acquired electrical parameters, executed battery protection and load-switching logic, and communicated with the HMI and SCADA system. Real-time monitoring, historical data recording, graphical trend visualization, alarm notification, and remote load control operated successfully during experimental testing. Implications: The proposed architecture provides a practical platform for renewable energy monitoring, industrial automation education, and further development of automatic energy management and predictive supervision systems. Originality: Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on photovoltaic performance, Archimedes screw turbine optimization, or SCADA architecture separately, this study integrates photovoltaic generation, an Archimedes screw turbine, battery storage, industrial PLC control, HMI visualization, and cloud-based SCADA monitoring within a single laboratory-scale hybrid renewable energy platform.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the implementation of a restorative approach in the management partnership between the school and the school committee influences student discipline at SMAN 4 Southeast Maluku. The restorative approach is an alternative form of discipline to punitive disciplinary practices, focusing on relationship repair, responsibility, and students’ social reintegration, as stated by Pranoto and Suwarjo (2021) and Hopkins (2016). This research employed a case study design with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies involving the principal, teachers, student representatives, and school committee management. The results indicate that there is a synergistic partnership between the school and the school committee in implementing restorative practices, such as peer mediation, restorative circles, and disciplinary conferences. These practices were effective in reducing repeated disciplinary violations, increasing students’ sense of responsibility, and fostering an inclusive, participatory, and respectful school climate. It can be concluded that strong collaboration between the school and the school committee is a key factor in the successful implementation of a restorative approach to discipline as an educational process for the school community.

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, price, and location on consumer purchasing decisions at King Fresh Fruit Store Samarinda. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 100 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicate that service quality, price, and location have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly influence purchasing decisions. Price is identified as the most dominant variable affecting consumer purchasing decisions. The coefficient of determination test shows that service quality, price, and location explain 63.7% of purchasing decisions, while the remaining 36.3% is influenced by other factors outside the research model.

The rubber roll production line at CV. ABC exhibited considerable workload imbalance among workstations, particularly at the steam and turning processes. Differences in processing times resulted in potential bottlenecks, high balance delay, and inefficient utilization of available production-line capacity. Objective: This study aims to analyze the existing rubber roll production-line balance and compare the Ranked Positional Weight (RPW) and Region Approach methods to identify a workstation configuration with improved line utilization and more uniform workload distribution. Methodology: A quantitative engineering case-study approach was applied. Primary data were collected through direct observation, interviews, documentation, and stopwatch time study, while secondary data were obtained from company production records and relevant literature. Processing-time data, precedence relationships, performance ratings, and allowances were analyzed to determine work-element times and production-line characteristics. The existing configuration was evaluated using line efficiency, balance delay, idle time, and smoothness index. Work elements were subsequently reallocated using RPW and the Region Approach, and the resulting production-line performances were compared. Findings: The existing production line consisted of six workstations with a line efficiency of 52%, a balance delay of 48%, and a smoothness index of 214.04. Both RPW and the Region Approach reduced the number of workstations to five and increased line efficiency to 70%, while balance delay decreased to 30%. However, RPW produced a smoothness index of 117.4179, considerably lower than the 223.29228 obtained using the Region Approach. The RPW configuration also resulted in a total idle time of 204.38 min, indicating improved utilization of available workstation capacity. Implications: The findings provide an engineering basis for reorganizing work-element allocation in rubber roll production. The proposed RPW configuration can support more uniform workstation loading and improve production-flow efficiency, particularly in manufacturing processes with substantial variation in processing times. Originality: This study provides a direct comparison between cumulative positional-weight allocation and precedence-region grouping under the same rubber roll production conditions. The results demonstrate that identical line efficiency and balance delay do not necessarily indicate equivalent workload uniformity, highlighting the importance of smoothness index as a complementary criterion for selecting a line-balancing configuration.

Industri konstruksi gedung kerap menghadapi keterlambatan, pembengkakan biaya, dan cacat mutu akibat lemahnya koordinasi antarpemangku kepentingan dan minimnya integrasi data. Building Information Modeling (BIM) hadir sebagai metodologi berbasis representasi digital tiga dimensi yang sarat informasi untuk mengatasi persoalan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi BIM terhadap efisiensi waktu, biaya, dan mutu proyek konstruksi gedung, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan faktor keberhasilan implementasinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian deskriptif-analitis melalui studi literatur sistematis dan sintesis temuan empiris dari berbagai studi kasus proyek gedung bertingkat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa BIM pada dimensi 3D–5D mampu menekan durasi pelaksanaan melalui penjadwalan terintegrasi dan deteksi benturan (clash detection) sejak dini, menurunkan pemborosan biaya akibat pekerjaan ulang, serta meningkatkan akurasi estimasi volume pekerjaan. Dari sisi mutu, model informasi yang konsisten meningkatkan ketertelusuran spesifikasi dan kualitas dokumen perencanaan. BIM berperan signifikan sebagai instrumen pengendalian proyek terpadu, meskipun keberhasilannya sangat bergantung pada kesiapan sumber daya manusia, dukungan kebijakan, kematangan kolaborasi tim, serta kesiapan organisasi dalam mengelola perubahan. Kata Kunci: Building Information Modeling, Efisiensi Biaya, Konstruksi Gedung, Manajemen Proyek, Mutu Konstruksi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien skizofrenia dengan diagnosis keperawatan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus pada satu orang pasien yang mengalami skizofrenia dengan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui proses pengkajian keperawatan, observasi, wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, serta dokumentasi keperawatan. Asuhan keperawatan dilaksanakan berdasarkan tahapan proses keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, penetapan diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah diberikan asuhan keperawatan, pasien mampu mengenali tanda dan gejala kemarahan, mengendalikan emosi dengan lebih baik, mengikuti terapi yang diberikan, serta menunjukkan penurunan risiko perilaku kekerasan. Keberhasilan intervensi didukung oleh penerapan strategi pelaksanaan yang sesuai, komunikasi terapeutik, serta keterlibatan pasien dalam setiap tahap terapi. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan secara komprehensif mampu meningkatkan kemampuan kontrol diri pasien sehingga risiko perilaku kekerasan dapat berkurang. Kata Kunci: Skizofrenia, Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan, Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa, Studi Kasus

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya  praktik-praktik pembelajaran Fiqih yang sistematis dan terintegrasi dalam seluruh aktivitas Siswa di SMA Darul Ulum 1 Unggulan.  Sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui peran Guru Fiqih dalam perkembangan dan pembentukan karakter Siswa di SMA Darul Ulum 1 Unggulan BPPT Jombang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana peran guru dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di SMA Darul Ulum 1 mencerminkan pembelajaran Fiqih yang baik melalui kegiatan sehari-hari seperti sholat berjamaah, mengaji, dan aktivitas lainnya. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dengan Kepala Sekolah, Guru Fiqih, dan Siswa, serta analisis dokumen. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah peran Guru Fiqih dalam perkembangan dan pembentukan karakter Siswa yaitu Guru Fiqih sebagai pendidik dan pengajar, pembimbing dan konselor, teladan (Uswah Hasanah), motivator . Adapun faktor pendukung yaitu dukungan kebijakan Sekolah, kompetensi Guru yang memadai, lingkungan Sekolah yang kondusif, kurikulum yang terintegrasi. Faktor penghambat yaitu pengaruh lingkungan eksternal yang negatif, keterbatasan waktu pembelajaran, perkembangan zaman dan modernisasi. Dan mengakibatkan dampak yaitu peningkatan kesadaran beribadah, pembentukan Akhlak Mulia, peningkatan ketahanan mental dan spiritual.

The leadership of the village head plays a strategic role in determining the effectiveness of community empowerment programs in rural development. This study examines the leadership of the Penghulu in implementing the catfish farming empowerment program in Sungai Tengah Village, Sabak Auh District, Siak Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the village head, the Village Consultative Body (BPKam), the program coordinator, and members of catfish farming groups. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, while source triangulation ensured data credibility. The findings indicate that the Penghulu demonstrated effective leadership by promoting participatory planning through village deliberations, establishing clear task distribution among farming groups, and facilitating the provision of seeds, feed, and farming facilities. Leadership was further reflected in continuous communication, motivation, and institutional support that encouraged community participation. Despite these achievements, program implementation remained constrained by technical challenges in fish cultivation, limited field supervision, ineffective communication between stakeholders, and security issues related to fish theft. Strengthening supervisory mechanisms, communication, and collaborative management is therefore essential to improve the sustainability and effectiveness of community-based aquaculture empowerment programs.

Cooperatives play a strategic role in driving the local economy; however, they currently face challenges regarding digital transformation and the need for professional governance. This community service initiative in Surakarta City aims to enhance the capacity, professionalism, and readiness of cooperative administrators for competency certification, while also strengthening digital-based organizational management. The program integrates interactive education and training methods—including lectures, discussions, case studies, and simulations—with intensive support for competency certification, covering everything from portfolio preparation to assessment simulations. Results indicate a significant improvement in participants' understanding and skills regarding cooperative governance and risk management, as evidenced by pre-test and post-test evaluations. Furthermore, participants gained confidence in facing competency assessments and began adopting digital innovations, such as financial applications, administrative digitization, and social media utilization. In conclusion, the program proved effective in preparing cooperative administrators for certification and fostering digital transformation. To ensure sustainability, the implementation of a continuous post-certification program and expanded access to local government financing are recommended.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that has long-term impacts on the quality of human resources in Indonesia, particularly in Pemalang Regency, Central Java. The government has implemented various nutrition intervention policies, one of which is the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) as an effort to improve the nutritional status of the population, especially school-age children, toddlers, and pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the policy of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) as a nutrition intervention instrument in stunting prevention. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving informants from the Health Office, Education Office, schools, health workers, posyandu cadres, and beneficiary communities. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was tested through source and method triangulation The results show that the MBG program has a positive impact in improving community access to nutritious food, enhancing children’s dietary patterns, and increasing parents’ nutrition awareness. The program also strengthens cross-sector collaboration between local government, schools, and health facilities in efforts to reduce stunting. However, the implementation of the program still faces several challenges, such as limited supervisory personnel, budget constraints, uneven distribution, and low nutrition literacy among the community. In addition, the effectiveness of the program in significantly reducing stunting rates still requires long-term evaluation due to the multidimensional nature of stunting determinants. In conclusion, the Free Nutritious Meal Program has strong potential as a nutrition intervention policy instrument in stunting prevention in Pemalang Regency. However, its success largely depends on strengthening governance, cross-sector coordination, capacity building, and policy sustainability. Therefore, integration with other health and social intervention programs is needed to achieve optimal stunting reduction.

This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to hone the creativity and fine motor skills of Generation Alpha children through an Islamic-themed coloring competition at the Baitul Ilmi Mosque, West Semarang. The background of this activity stems from the need for fine motor stimulation and strengthening Islamic character in a generation growing up in the digital age. The method applied was hands-on practice with an emotional approach, mentoring, and a fun learning atmosphere for 32 early childhood participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in fine motor coordination, creativity, courage to express themselves, and children's self-confidence. Coloring activities not only strengthen cognitive and psychomotor aspects but are also effective in instilling religious values from an early age. In conclusion, the integration of Islamic values in art competitions can shape character, develop creativity, and improve the fine motor skills of Generation Alpha children and has the potential to be widely applied in early childhood education institutions.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of tax burden, tax compliance, and tax-saving strategies and their influence on business survival strategies in Indonesia’s retail and trade sector amid the economic slowdown in 2026. Indonesia’s economic growth declined to 4.2% in the first quarter of 2026 from 5.1% in the previous year, creating considerable pressure on business sustainability, particularly in the retail and trade sector. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 120 retail and trade business owners located in Jakarta, West Java, and Banten. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that met validity and reliability requirements and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26 after fulfilling the classical assumption tests. The results indicate that tax burden (B = 0.287; p < 0.001), tax compliance (B = 0.341; p < 0.001), and tax-saving strategies (B = 0.398; p < 0.001) each have a positive and significant effect on business survival strategies, both individually and simultaneously. The F-test (F = 62.847; p < 0.001) confirms the overall significance of the regression model, while the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.621) shows that the three independent variables explain 62.1% of the variance in business survival strategies. These findings suggest that effective tax management, combined with the lawful utilization of tax incentives, plays a crucial role in strengthening business resilience and ensuring the sustainability of retail and trade businesses during periods of economic uncertainty.

The implementation of Income Tax Article 22 on import activities plays a strategic role in securing state revenue and controlling international trade flows. However, corporate taxpayers frequently encounter substantial barriers regarding regulatory compliance and technical administrative procedures. This study aims to analyze the compliance level of corporate taxpayers concerning the collection and reporting of Income Tax Article 22 on import activities, while identifying the primary obstacles faced during the process. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach conducted at the Tax Allowance Office. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with corporate taxpayers and tax authorities, supplemented by secondary data from tax compliance reports and related documentation. The findings indicate that while formal compliance regarding timely reporting has significantly improved due to digital administrative transformations like the e-Bupot system, substantial challenges remain in material compliance. Corporate taxpayers routinely face difficulties in classifying import tariff codes accurately and interpreting the frequent updates to tax incentives. This study implies that the tax authority needs to intensify specialized socialization programs and optimize the integration of data systems between the Directorate General of Taxes and the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. These strategic improvements are crucial to minimizing administrative discrepancies and enhancing overall tax compliance.

Banks' Relationship Manager (RM) rotation policies conceal a retention risk: premium customers loyal to individual RMs may migrate following replacement triggered by relational disruption, not service failure. This conceptual study builds a theoretical framework explaining Emerging HNWI customer migration intention following RM turnover, integrating three antecedents adapted from the Service Provider Switching Model (SPSM): Relational Embeddedness (RE) as a mooring factor, Relational Trust toward the former RM (RT) as a paradoxical push factor through the Relational Loss Effect mechanism, and Community-Validated Trust (CVT) as the primary migration inhibitor. CVT is conceptualized as trust formed prior to direct interaction through personal communal validation distinct from reputation trust, social trust, swift trust, and social proof. Three boundary conditions of CVT are explicitly identified for testability and cross-context comparison. Primary contributions: (1) CVT as a SPSM extension for relational disruption contexts; (2) Relational Loss Effect bridging trust theory and paradoxical migration behavior.

Differentiated instruction is an approach aimed at meeting students' learning needs based on their abilities, characteristics, and requirements. This study aims to describe the experiences of a fifth-grade teacher in implementing differentiated instruction at SD 3 Jepang Kudus. The study employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was established through technique triangulation. The results indicate that the teacher perceives differentiated instruction as an effort to provide learning support tailored to students' needs. Implementation is carried out through adjustments to the learning process, guidance, peer tutoring, and the creation of an inclusive learning environment. This implementation has a positive impact on students' academic, social, and emotional development. Challenges encountered include the diversity of students' learning abilities and the suboptimal application of differentiation regarding learning products and assessments. These findings underscore the importance of teacher experience in optimally and sustainably accommodating students' learning needs.

The purpose of this study was to focus on the development and feasibility testing of the Ekorama Pop-Up Book as a learning medium, as well as to assess its practicality and effectiveness in helping fifth-grade elementary school students master science concepts related to food chains. Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model—which begins with analysis and ends with evaluation—will be applied in this study. The participants include media and content experts, teachers, and 19 fifth-grade students at MIN 8 in Medan. Data were collected using response questionnaires, concept comprehension tests, and validation sheets. The results of the expert validation indicated that the category was highly valid, highly practical (96.7%), and highly effective (N-Gain = 0.87), as evidenced by the test results showing an increase in students’ understanding. In other words, the Ekorama Pop-Up Book was deemed suitable as a science learning medium for improving conceptual understanding among elementary school students.

This article examines the concept of Gotong royong and its role as a foundation for a sustainable and ethical economy. The growing environmental challenges and the limitations of carbon-intensive economic systems highlight the need for a transition toward a green economy that balances economic development with social and environmental sustainability. This study employs the Systematic Review of the Literature (SRL) method by analyzing relevant academic publications on Gotong royong, local wisdom, and sustainable economic development. The findings reveal that Gotong royong represents an indigenous cultural value of Indonesia that reflects collective wisdom in managing economic resources through cooperation, mutual assistance, and shared responsibility. Beyond its economic function, Gotong royong contributes to character development by transforming negative traits such as selfishness, greed, envy, arrogance, and laziness into positive values including sincerity, patience, integrity, loyalty, responsibility, and willingness to sacrifice for the common good. The practice of Gotong royong also promotes harmonious relationships among humans, God, society, and nature, making it consistent with the principles of sustainable development and economic ethics. Therefore, Gotong royong can be regarded as an alternative paradigm for economic mechanisms that emphasize collaboration, moral responsibility, and environmental sustainability. This study contributes to the international discourse by demonstrating that Indonesia's local wisdom offers a relevant framework for developing a more sustainable, ethical, and inclusive economic system.

This study aims to analyze the internalization of the 2D2K spirit (Prayer, Charity, Sacrifice, and Witness) in fostering the missionary character of children at Stasi Hati Amat Kudus Tuhan Yesus Lewoloba. The study was motivated by the limited internalization of 2D2K values among Holy Childhood Association (SEKAMI) members despite their active participation in faith formation activities. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving SEKAMI facilitators, children, parents, and the Outstation Head as research participants. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation and analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that the internalization of the 2D2K spirit takes place through four interconnected processes: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. Prayer strengthens children’s relationship with God and nurtures their spiritual life, while charity and sacrifice develop social concern, solidarity, generosity, and a willingness to serve others. Witness encourages children to express and live out their faith in everyday life. These findings imply that the internalization of the 2D2K spirit plays a significant role in developing faithful, caring, responsible, and missionary-minded children who are prepared to witness to Christ in their families, schools, communities, and the Church.

Halusinasi merupakan gangguan persepsi sensori berupa persepsi palsu yang muncul tanpa adanya rangsangan nyata dan sering dialami oleh pasien skizofrenia. Halusinasi pendengaran merupakan jenis halusinasi yang paling banyak ditemukan, ditandai dengan pasien mendengar suara-suara yang tidak didengar oleh orang lain. Dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan dari halusinasi adalah hilangnya kontrol diri sehingga pasien berisiko melakukan tindakan yang membahayakan diri sendiri, orang lain, maupun lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penanganan yang tepat melalui asuhan keperawatan agar pasien mampu mengontrol halusinasi dan mencegah kekambuhan. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah menganalisis pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan persepsi sensori: halusinasi pendengaran di Wisma Arjuna RSJ Grhasia Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi pada satu pasien skizofrenia dengan halusinasi pendengaran selama 3 × 24 jam. Tindakan keperawatan dilakukan menggunakan Strategi Pelaksanaan (SP) 1–4 yang meliputi mengenali halusinasi, menghardik halusinasi, meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat, bercakap-cakap dengan orang lain, serta melakukan aktivitas terjadwal. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkan bahwa setelah diberikan asuhan keperawatan, pasien mampu mengenali isi dan waktu munculnya halusinasi, mempraktikkan teknik menghardik, patuh mengonsumsi obat, berinteraksi dengan orang lain, serta melakukan aktivitas terjadwal sebagai upaya mengontrol halusinasi. Pada evaluasi akhir pasien menyatakan suara-suara yang sebelumnya didengar sudah tidak muncul lagi sehingga masalah gangguan persepsi sensori: halusinasi pendengaran dinyatakan teratasi. Studi kasus ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi pelaksanaan (SP) secara konsisten dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dalam mengontrol halusinasi serta menjadi upaya yang efektif untuk mencegah kekambuhan pada pasien skizofrenia. Kata Kunci: Skizofrenia, Halusinasi Pendengaran, Asuhan Keperawatan, Strategi Pelaksanaan, Terapi Generalis.  

Masjid merupakan institusi sentral dalam kehidupan umat Islam yang berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai tempat ibadah, tetapi juga sebagai pusat pemberdayaan, pendidikan, sosial, dan dakwah. Untuk menjalankan fungsi-fungsi tersebut secara optimal, masjid memerlukan sistem pengelolaan administrasi dan kesekretariatan yang profesional dan terstruktur. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memahami definisi administrasi dan kesekretariatan masjid, mengkaji sistem pengelolaan administrasi yang baik dan profesional, serta menganalisis peran kesekretariatan sebagai basis pengelolaan administrasi masjid. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka (library research) dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis berbagai sumber relevan berupa buku, jurnal, dan dokumen terkait manajemen masjid. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa administrasi dan kesekretariatan masjid mencakup keseluruhan proses penataan perkantoran dan tugas-tugas bantuan lainnya guna menunjang kelancaran pencapaian tujuan masjid. Sistem pengelolaan administrasi masjid yang efektif meliputi tiga aspek utama, yaitu surat-menyurat (korespondensi), arsip dan dokumentasi, serta pengembangan format administrasi yang terstandarisasi. Kesekretariatan berperan sebagai basis pengelolaan yang mencakup pengelolaan dokumen, koordinasi rapat dan acara, komunikasi internal dan eksternal, serta manajemen layanan dukungan. Tradisi administrasi dan dokumentasi dalam Islam telah dicontohkan langsung oleh Rasulullah SAW yang memiliki 65 orang sekretaris, dan sistem diwan pada awal peradaban Islam menjadi bukti nyata pentingnya pengelolaan administrasi yang teratur. Kesimpulannya, kesekretariatan yang profesional merupakan tulang punggung manajemen masjid yang memastikan seluruh program dan kegiatan berjalan secara tertib, transparan, dan akuntabel.