Minimally invasive surgery offers several advantages, including reduced blood loss, smaller incisions, less pain, and a lower risk of complications than open surgery. This approach enhances patient comfort and supports faster recovery. When guided by optimal path planning, surgical robots can accurately navigate the body to remove malignant tumors with high precision. This study proposes a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm to determine the optimal path for robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery targeting brain tumors. The algorithm improves upon standard PSO by modifying the velocity update equation and incorporating an adaptive inertia weight, enhancing convergence speed, global search ability, and solution accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed MPSO achieves a maximum fitness value of 19.10 in a sparse obstacle environment, outperforming standard PSO and IPSO in quality and in the required number of iterations. The approach effectively balances path efficiency and obstacle avoidance, making it well-suited for complex surgical scenarios. In conclusion, the MPSO-based method provides a reliable and precise solution for robotic surgical navigation, improving outcomes and safety in minimally invasive procedures.

Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di MAN 1 Kebumen belum berjalan dengan optimal dan cenderung menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang masih terfokus pada guru (teacher centered), sehingga dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang mampu mengembangkan keterampilan siswa, salah satunya adalah discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Membuat rancangan pembelajaran Model Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 2) Menganalisis implementasi Model Discovery Learning pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 3) Menganalisis keaktifan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen, 4) Menganalisis hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran geografi materi biosfer dan antroposfer kelas X MAN 1 Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan bentuk double shoot case pretest -posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Rancangan pembelajaran discovery learning sesuai standar dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran, 2) Implementasi model discovery learning pada materi biosfer dan antroposfer berjalan sesuai rancangan dan memenuhi kriteria model discovery learning, 3) Keaktifan siswa tergolong tinggi dengan keterlibatan yang baik selama pembelajaran, 4) Hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan peningkatan setelah penerapan model discovery learning, dimana meningkat dari 75,00% pada posttest pertama menjadi 87,50% pada posttest kedua.

This study aims to describe the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) teachers in shaping the character of students at MAN 2 Kota Bogor. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that Civics teachers have an important role in shaping the character of students through exemplary, habituation, and learning moral and national values. Teachers act as motivators, facilitators, and mentors in instilling Pancasila values such as responsibility, honesty, and discipline. In conclusion, the role of Civics teachers is vital in shaping the character of students with integrity and high nationalism.

This study aims to analyze the development of research on fund or financial management in non-profit organizations using bibliometric analysis methods utilizing VOSviewer software. The data used is taken from scientific publications sourced from Google Scholar. The results of the analysis show that the topics of accountability and financial transparency in nonprofit organizations have become a trend and have been widely studied, while specific research on financial management and the need for implementing national defense accounting in mosque is is still rare. Thise research can provide insight to encourage further research related to the development of practices in mosque financial management based on national defense accounting principles. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to improving the financial management system in others non-profit sector.

The purpose of this study is to describe the perspective of students in Jayapura city using the e-payment method in every payment transaction. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The respondents selected were students who were carrying out lecture activities in Jayapura city. The results of the study found and concluded that the e-payment method is a new breakthrough in payment transactions that affect students who carry out lecture activities in Jayapura city. With the e-payment method, students in Jayapura city can make non-cash payment transactions and can reduce the use of cash as a means of payment. The results of this study indicate that the e-payment and payment transaction variables show valid and reliable results. The coefficient of determination value of the research results shows the ability of the e-payment variable in its influence on payment transactions by 57% and the rest are variables not discussed in this study. The results of the regression equation Y = 3.491 + 0.786X show a positive direction coefficient result from e-payment on payment transactions and the hypothesis results show positive and significant results of e-payment on student payment transactions in Jayapura city, in the sense that with the existence of the e-payment payment method, students in Jayapura are much freer and much more motivated to make purchases in this case referring to payment transaction activities that are more in line with a practical lifestyle.

Scientific literacy is a critical skill in the era of Smart Society 5.0. Recent studies show that 76.9% of students are in the lowest category, the nominal level, in terms of science literacy. This prompted the researchers to examine the effectiveness of the H5P-assisted Differentiated-Independent Learning model in enhancing the scientific literacy of low-ability students. The state of the art in this research is demonstrated through a review of previous studies that explored the implementation of innovative learning models to promote scientific literacy. However, these models either fail to integrate the use of technology with pedagogical approaches or do not specifically address students with low ability. Therefore, the novelty of this study lies in the integration of H5P learning media as a technological resource, alongside a targeted focus on lower ability students as the primary research subjects. This study employed an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design, including a replication class. The study revealed that the H5P-assisted Differentiated-Independent model was effective, as indicated by an average n-gain score of 0.74, which falls within the high category. The paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores across all classes. Furthermore, the independent t-test indicated a consistent increase in scientific literacy skills in all classes, with 83% of students responding very positively based on the questionnaire. In summary, the H5P-assisted Differentiated-Independent model has a positive impact on enhancing the scientific literacy skills of low-ability students.

Employee productivity in call centers is influenced by various factors, including job stress and leadership style. High job stress can reduce productivity, while transactional leadership is often applied in target-based work environments to improve performance. This study aims to analyze the impact of job stress on work productivity with transactional leadership as a mediating variable. The research used a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis on 164 call center employees at PT. X in Malang City. The results indicate that job stress has a negative effect on work productivity and transactional leadership. Transactional leadership has a positive impact on work productivity and serves as a mediator in the relationship between job stress and productivity. The implications of this study highlight the importance of effective stress management and the development of adaptive transactional leadership to mitigate the negative effects of job stress and enhance employee productivity.

The automotive industry is constantly evolving, demanding advanced technologies for growth. Among these is cellular technology's long-term evolution (LTE), which 3GPP is pioneering to provide vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity. It concentrates on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) direct communications, essential for safety applications like traffic management or infotainment. Something significant here is having a system that allows them to understand each other and cooperate. All vehicles should be able to do this by sending messages about what they are doing and where they are so that it will be safer for drivers moving through town where there may be several hurdles that break the signal lines or block them out completely. Still, before this goal can be reached, there is a need for clever ways of using packets to maximize radio channels while ensuring the service works correctly. This task poses a considerable challenge while constructing algorithms that can handle it, which is an open development question. To solve this development question, a simulator named LTEV2Vsim has been introduced. Written in MATLAB, this simulator uses straightforward models for managing vehicle movement or more complex ones based on realistic urban environment input files. This simulator is helpful for scholars interested in validating and designing LTE-V2V networks. The ability to simulate urban environment scenarios and give example results will help develop a better system for carrying packets and thus ensure that cooperative awareness services are successfully implemented in V2X communication.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of students' perceptions, motivation, interests and knowledge about taxes on career choices in the field of taxation. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether the influence of variables X and Y both have a significant effect. The results of the research are useful for interested parties, namely Muhammadiyah University, especially the Accounting study program, in increasing perception, motivation and interest in career choices in the field of taxation. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Economics, Muhammadiyah University of Riau. This research sample used a purpose sampling technique, namely Accounting students in 2020 and 2021 with a population of 196 students and a research sample of 66 students was taken from the Slovin formula. This research instrument uses a questionnaire and is tested with validity, reliability, regression analysis and hypothesis testing (t test) using the SPSS application. The results of this research are that perceptions influence career choices in the field of taxation, this is because one person's form of assessment in facing perceptual stimuli is the same, but in other conditions it will give rise to different perceptions. Motivation does not influence the choice of a career in taxation, indicating that students' motivation to pursue a career in taxation is very low for individuals who have a career in taxation. Interest influences the choice of a career in taxation. This is due to observations and considerations that a career in taxation will provide something positive to individuals which creates a desire to have a career in taxation.

Waste sorting is one of the important steps in sustainable environmental management. However, elementary school students' awareness in sorting organic and non-organic waste is still relatively low. This can have an impact on increasing the volume of waste that is not managed properly, which ultimately contributes to environmental pollution. This community service aims to measure the effectiveness of the use of two-compartment trash bins in improving students' understanding of waste sorting. The method used is observation with an action study approach on elementary school students. The results of observations after socialization showed an increase in students' understanding after the use of two-compartment trash bins, which was reflected in the increased accuracy in disposing of waste into the appropriate compartment. The use of two-compartment trash bins has proven effective in increasing students' awareness and habits in sorting waste.