Digital literacy at the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) scale is part of the digital transformation that can drive economic growth in Indonesia. Business actors are required to have digital skills, one of the important aspects to build a sustainable strategy as a form of solution for business people in an effort to develop their business. This research aims to explore the understanding of digital literacy among Indonesian MSMEs, focusing on the development of digital transformation, digital adoption, challenges and obstacles, and strategies used for business sustainability. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with stages: planning, implementation, and reporting. SLR in this study was conducted using a collection of literature studies published from January 2020 to October 2024. The results of this study indicate that digital literacy is an important factor affecting performance among MSMEs, through skills in utilizing digital platform opportunities in the context of business development such as e-commerce platforms. Challenges faced such as limited resources in managing technological devices and lack of digital literacy can be overcome by implementing strategies to improve skills and understanding related to digitalization, fostering a supportive ecosystem, and socializing the importance of entrepreneurial leadership optimally to achieve sustainable growth and higher competitiveness.

Self-confidence is a crucial aspect of student development and academic success. However, many students still struggle with low self-confidence. This article reviews the effectiveness of group counseling through a literature review of 22 journals (2013–2025). Findings show that group counseling effectively enhances self-confidence across various educational levels. Techniques used include REBT, bibliocounseling, self-instruction, and role play. Success also depends on the stages of implementation. Group counseling provides a reflective and supportive space, making it a suitable intervention strategy in guidance and counseling programs.

This study aims to apply integral calculus methods to calculate the volume and arc length of an ice cream cone design shaped like a flower petal. The cone design is modeled using a quadratic function derived from three reference points on the petal curve. Using the solid of revolution method around the y-axis, the calculated petal volume is 150.8 cm³, and the arc length is 7.14 cm. The results demonstrate that calculus-based modeling supports efficient material usage while enhancing aesthetic and functional aspects of packaging. This research highlights the connection between mathematical concepts and practical product design in the food industry

Kebutuhan akan pelayanan merupakan aspek penting yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam struktur sosial masyarakat. Begitu pula dengan pelayanan publik yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Baik atau buruknya kualitas pelayanan bergantung pada kemampuan penyelenggara layanan dalam memenuhi harapan masyarakat secara konsisten. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan pada Mall Pelayanan Publik (MPP) Kabupaten Batang masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh pemanfaatan media sosial, profesionalisme pegawai dan tata ruang kantor terhadap kualitas pelayanan pada MPP Kabupaten Batang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain kausalitas. Populasi penelitian adalah pengguna layanan di MPP Kabupaten Batang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 115 responden yang dihitung menggunakan rumus iterasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media sosial berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Profesionalisme pegawai dan tata ruang kantor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Saran pada penelitian ini adalah hendaknya MPP Kabupaten Batang meningkatkan keterlibatan dengan masyarakat melalui media sosial dengan membalas komentar dan pertanyaan dengan tepat waktu serta mengadakan diskusi aktif di media sosial

Abstract: This study aims to develop students’ 6Cs skills—critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, character/compassion, and citizenship/culture—through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in a program titled Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah (History Learning Society). The research responds to the relatively low competitiveness of students in East Kalimantan amid the challenges of the 21st-century VUCA world, Indonesia’s demographic bonus, and the development of the new national capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan. Using Kemmis & McTaggart’s action research model, the study involved students from the History Education Program, FKIP, Mulawarman University, across three cohorts (2020–2022). Data was collected through observation, documentation, questionnaires, and interviews in March and June 2023. Students collaborated with schools, non-formal institutions, professionals, and local communities in Samarinda to design creative, contextual historical learning products. The findings show significant improvements across all 6Cs indicators. The project enhanced students’ academic and social competencies and bridged the gap between classroom learning and real-life community engagement. The results highlight the potential of PjBL as a transformative learning strategy for equipping future educators with essential 21st-century skills. This research contributes to history education innovation by positioning students as agents of change within their communities.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan 6Cs mahasiswa—berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, kolaborasi, karakter/kepedulian, dan kewargaan/budaya—melalui penerapan model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dalam program Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya daya saing mahasiswa di Kalimantan Timur di tengah tantangan dunia abad ke-21 yang ditandai dengan kondisi VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), bonus demografi Indonesia, serta pembangunan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) baru di Kalimantan Timur. Menggunakan model penelitian tindakan Kemmis & McTaggart, subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Mulawarman dari angkatan 2020–2022. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, angket, dan wawancara pada Maret dan Juni 2023. Mahasiswa bekerja sama dengan sekolah, lembaga nonformal, profesional, dan masyarakat Kota Samarinda untuk merancang produk pembelajaran sejarah yang kreatif dan kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada seluruh indikator 6Cs. Proyek ini tidak hanya meningkatkan kompetensi akademik dan sosial mahasiswa, tetapi juga menjembatani pembelajaran di kelas dengan keterlibatan nyata di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi PjBL sebagai strategi pembelajaran transformatif yang relevan untuk membekali calon pendidik dengan keterampilan abad ke-21.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires proper management, including the use of conventional and alternative medicines such as herbal medicines. Patient knowledge about the benefits, risks, and potential interactions of herbal medicines with conventional medicines is very important to prevent complications. Objective This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of diabetes patients about the use of herbal medicines, including the benefits, risks, and interactions with conventional medicines at the Kebondalem Health Center, Pemalang Regency. This study uses descriptive observational analytic Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to diabetes patients who were treated at the Kebondalem Health Center. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively with percentages to measure the level of patient knowledge.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with the incidence rate continuing to increase every year. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often have limitations, especially related to selectivity towards cancer cells and toxic side effects caused to normal cells. Therefore, an alternative approach that is more effective and safe is needed. One promising approach is the utilization of bioactive compounds from natural materials that are optimized through a medicinal chemistry approach. This study aims to examine the potential of natural compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea, berberine from Berberis vulgaris, curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa), and cardiotonic steroids (CTS) from Digitalis purpurea and Nerium oleander as anticancer agents, as well as their optimization strategies through structural modification, increased stability, and modern delivery technology. The method used is a systematic literature review of scientific articles from 2020 to 2025 obtained through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the study indicate that these compounds have various anticancer mechanisms of action, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle inhibition, and activation of specific signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and ferroptosis. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, poor stability, and toxicity are still obstacles in their application. Through a medicinal chemistry approach, these compounds can be structurally modified or reformulated to improve their clinical effectiveness. In conclusion, the combination of natural wealth with medicinal chemistry innovation opens up great opportunities in the development of more selective, effective, and safe anticancer therapies in the future.
 
 

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential application in health, including antimicrobial properties. To date, the application of fermentation to black rice to enhance its bioactivity, particularly as an antimicrobial, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of solid fermented black rice against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Black rice was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion test method, agar dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermented black rice extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. The minimum inhibitory value obtained was 20% against all microbes, but the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) could not be determined. The SEM analysis showed morphological changes in microbes exposed to fermented black rice extract, including cell shrinkage, elongation, and lysis in Bacillus cereus, fragmentation and irregular cell shape in Escherichia coli, cell size reduction in Staphylococcus aureus, and bleb formation in Candida albicans. These changes indicate the mechanism of microbial growth inhibition. We found that fermented black rice (EFBR) extracts produce different effects from unfermented black rice extracts (EUBR), which tend to induce biofilm formation. We propose that EFBR functions as an antimicrobial by rupturing cell walls, preventing cell division and DNA synthesis. This research provides new insights into natural antimicrobial mechanisms at the cellular level and offers a potential alternative for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Solid fermented black rice may serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for developing health products or natural preservatives.

This study discusses 5G network security regulations and policies from a national and international perspective, with a focus on the challenges and handling of global cyber threats. Given the cross-border threats, security and regulation are important issues in the implementation of 5G technology. The approach used is qualitative interpretive with additional limited experiments, including cyber attack simulations. The result of the study show that cyber policies in Indonesia are not yet fully coordinated, unlike countries such as the US, the European Union, and China which have more comprehensive regulations. Experiments prove that the implementation of protocols such as IPSec and TLS can reduce risks in 5G networks. Therefore, Indonesia is advised to form more integrated regulations that comply with international standards. This study also suggests further research in real scenarios and the development of a more in-depth policy evaluation system.

Inovasi sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial telah menjadi strategi utama dalam menciptakan solusi berkelanjutan bagi tantangan sosial dan ekonomi yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh pendekatan bisnis konvensional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Menganalisis inovasi sosial dan perannya dalam kewirausahaan sosial; 2) Mengidentifikasi hubungan antara inovasi sosial dan keberlanjutan UMKM dalam konteks ekonomi berbasis dampak sosial; 3) Menjelaskan faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inovasi sosial berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan ketahanan UMKM melalui penerapan model bisnis berbasis dampak sosial, ekonomi sirkular, serta digitalisasi bisnis. Keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal, seperti kepemimpinan yang visioner, strategi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang efektif, serta model bisnis yang adaptif dan inovatif. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal yang berperan mencakup dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, akses terhadap pendanaan berbasis dampak sosial, serta kemitraan strategis dengan sektor swasta dan akademisi. Indikator utama keberhasilan kewirausahaan sosial mencakup pengukuran dampak sosial dan ekonomi, keberlanjutan finansial dan operasional, serta efektivitas model bisnis dalam menjangkau masyarakat yang lebih luas. Sebagai implikasi, makalah ini merekomendasikan penguatan kebijakan publik yang mendukung bisnis sosial, peningkatan akses pendanaan berbasis dampak, serta integrasi inovasi sosial dalam strategi pengembangan UMKM. Dengan menciptakan ekosistem yang lebih mendukung bagi kewirausahaan sosial, diharapkan inovasi sosial dapat menjadi pilar utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.