The purpose of this research is to measure the financial performance of Surakarta City Local Government using the value for money approach. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this research. Postpositivist research utilizes natural conditions, with the researcher as the main instrument. Based on the data, the financial performance of the Surakarta City Government was evaluated using economic ratios in 2020-2021, and with an overall average of 85.28%, it fell into the economic category. In terms of efficiency, it is measured by the efficient ratio from 2020-2022 with an overall average of 96.24% but in 2020-2021 which is included in the efficient category and in 2020 it is not included in the efficient category. From the effective side, it is measured by the effective ratio from 2020-2022 with an overall average of 98.74% but only in 2020 which is not included in the effective category and the following year 2021-2022 is included in the effective category.

The development of technology in the world at this time is very influential and has an impact on education. Therefore, interactive learning media is needed with the aim of attracting the attention of students. The purpose of this research is (1) Producing learning media in the form of board games with three-dimensional material for students 12th Grade SMA Negeri 51 Jakarta. (2) Knowing the effectiveness of learning media for students 12th Grade SMA Negeri 51 Jakarta. The research method used is the model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate). because the research method with the ADDIE model has systematic and specific steps in each stage

Water is a very important need for living creatures on earth. Humans, animals, plants and other living creatures need water, clean water is very much needed and is a source of life for living creatures. However, bacteria or germs that cannot be seen by the eye are still detected in the water. The bacteria that are mostly detected in water are; Escherichia coli bacteria. Escherichia coli forms colonies that are convex, smooth with distinct edges, and round. Method used The qualitative literature review research method is an approach used to collect, evaluate, and synthesize studies in the scientific literature that are relevant to a particular topic. Based on research results, Escherichia coli bacteria are found in various types of water such as refillable drinking water, well water and river water as well as swimming pool water

This research aims to analyze village financial management in terms of efficiency and effectiveness based on the performance of the village head in Banjarejo Village, Batanghari District, East Lampung. Village officials should be transparent in managing the village budget APBD in accordance with the principles of accountability, participation and budget responsibility. Village financial management includes planning, implementation, management and reporting stages. The village head's performance is measured using indicators of productivity, service quality, participation, responsibility and accountability. The number of research methods used is explained, and the research subject is the Head of Banjarejo Village. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with village heads, while secondary data was obtained from books. Good and fair forecasts are made based on budget figures and determination of village income and expenditure in 2022 and 2023. The research results show that productivity reaches 100% in 2022 and 2023, which means the village head's performance is effective. The efficiency level which reaches 100% in 2022 shows good performance, but falls to 89% in 2023 which shows good performance. This situation shows that village fund management must be improved for the success of village funds.

implemented and evaluated the edge detection method using the Sobel Operator, which calculates the gradient of image intensity through two convoluted kernels for horizontal (Gx) and vertical directions. (Gy). The magnitudo gradient is obtained from the combination of both such directional gradients to represent the edge force on each pixel. The main steps include image pre-processing, the application of the Sobel kernel, the calculation of magnitudo gradients, and the filtering of results to extract significant edges. The results show that the Sobel Operator is effective in highlighting intensity differences that indicate the boundary of the object, although it is sensitive to noise and less accurate for fine edges. Despite its limitations, this method is simple to implement and useful as an initial step in image processing applications such as segmentation, pattern identification, and object shape analysis.
 

Human rights violations are actions that violate humanitarian principles, which are principally carried out by individuals, state institutions, or other institutions, which aim to deprive other individuals of their human rights without juridical pretexts and convincing rational evidence. Human rights violations that currently occur often have a high complexity. One of them is the human rights violations that occurred in the tragedy at Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang on October 1, 2022. The impacts of the tragedy experienced by victims and their families include physical, emotional and financial. After the Kanjuruhan incident, it is necessary to limit the rights and responsibilities between parties who have a role in organizing football matches. So, for this reason, structured steps are needed to restore the rights of victims that should be given. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method by making secondary data as research material obtained from books, similar works and research, as well as draft laws. This research highlights the importance of implementing compensation and restitution mechanisms as an effort to restore victims' rights, in accordance with applicable law. Through in-depth analysis of relevant legal regulations and related cases, this research provides insight into the efforts that have been made by the government and related institutions in providing compensation and restitution to victims.

An agreement is when a person commits to another person to do something or when both parties commit to carry out something. However, in practice, there are often cases of default, where there are parties who do not fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contents of the agreement, as happened in the case of a kiosk sale and purchase agreement in Kupang District Court Decision Number 132.18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG. This article aims to analyze the occurrence of default in the kiosk sale and purchase agreement and analyze the judge's decision in resolving the default with the principles of justice. This article adopts a qualitative approach by using the normative juridical method and conducting a literature study. The results of this research analysis explain that the judge's decision in this case has fulfilled the necessary conditions. The Defendant has been found in default by the Panel of Judges and is entitled to pay the remaining money according to the agreement letter. The principles of legal certainty and justice have also been applied properly by considering all evidence and witness testimony before making a decision.

The use of learning media in high-level reading classes plays an important role in improving students' reading abilities. Various types of learning media, including visual, audio-visual, and interactive computer-based materials, are used for this purpose. The process of utilizing learning media includes analysis of student characteristics, design, development, implementation and evaluation of learning outcomes. This learning media has various functions in teaching reading, such as facilitating access to information, motivating students, helping understanding and retention of information, fostering critical thinking skills, enabling differentiated learning, encouraging independent learning, and developing digital literacy skills. In addition, many studies have investigated the effectiveness of various learning media, such as comics, modules, computer-based interactive learning, and picture cards, in increasing elementary school students' interest in reading and academic achievement.

Penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menyelidiki peran dinasti politik dalam demokrasi dan menggali dampaknya terhadap stabilitas dan kualitas proses demokratisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan mencakup pendekatan kualitatif melalui tinjauan literatur komprehensif terhadap berbagai studi kasus dan teori terkait dinasti politik, serta pendekatan kuantitatif dalam menganalisis data statistik yang relevan. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa dinasti politik dapat mengancam demokrasi dengan memperkuat oligarki dan menghambat partisipasi politik, namun juga dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dengan menawarkan stabilitas politik yang berkelanjutan. Kesimpulan yang ditarik adalah bahwa peran dinasti politik dalam demokrasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks, dengan rekomendasi kebijakan yang bertujuan meminimalkan risiko negatif dan memanfaatkan potensi positif dinasti politik dalam proses demokratisasi.

The motives for motorbike robbery behavior in Bekasi have become a significant concern in recent years. The research results show that economic, social and cultural factors have an important role in influencing motorbike theft. This research shows that motorbike theft in Bekasi occurs more often in areas with high levels of poverty and low levels of education. The method in this research uses the literature study method. Apart from that, research also reveals that motorbike theft in Bekasi is mostly carried out by individuals who have criminal records and are involved in criminal organizations. Based on the research results, the government and society should make efforts to increase public awareness of the importance of protecting motorbikes and improving people's quality of life. to reduce motorbike theft in Bekasi