This research aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for land rights holders and legal actions in cases of double certificates. The urgency of this research is to analyze the forms of legal protection for land rights holders in cases of double certificates, which often threaten legal certainty and cause social conflicts due to administrative negligence and land mafia practices, thus requiring strict legal efforts and comprehensive solutions. The type of research used is normative juridical with qualitative data processing. The data sources used in the research are primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data. The results of this study explain that the PTUN decision on the double certificate dispute case Number: 35/G/2021/PTUN.SMG dated September 2, 2021, which has permanent legal force, is 1). The appellant's request was fully granted because, based on the judge's consideration and through the administrative examination mechanism, it was proven that the appellant is the actual landowner with the legal basis of Building Use Rights Certificate (SHGB) Number 1385/Village of Sambirejo in the name of Elisa Mariani Wijaya and Ownership Rights Certificate (SHM) Number 2709/Village of Sambirejo in the name of Hartono Widjaja, which were issued in 1995; 2). In that case, the legal action taken by the BPN was the mediation effort in accordance with Article 43 of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Handling and Settlement of Land Cases.




Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah dan tindakan hukum dalam sertifikat ganda. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah dalam kasus sertifikat ganda, yang sering kali mengancam kepastian hukum dan menimbulkan konflik sosial akibat kelalaian administratif dan praktik mafia tanah, sehingga diperlukan upaya hukum yang tegas dan solusi yang komprehensif. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pengolahan data secara kualitatif, Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalaha data primer berupa wawancar dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa putusan PTUN sengketa kasus sertifikat ganda Nomor: 35/G/2021/PTUN.SMG tanggal 2 September 2021 dan telah berkekuatan hukum tetap adalah 1). Permohonan Penggunggat dikabulkan seluruhnya dikarenakan dengan pertimbangan hakim dan melalui mekanisme uji administrasi membuktikan bahwa Penggunggat adalah pemilik tanah yang sebenarnya dengan alas hak Sertifikat Hak Guna Bangunan (SHGB) Nomor 1385/Kelurahan Sambirejo atas nama Elisa Mariani Wijaya dan Sertifikat Hak Milik (SHM) Nomor 2709/Kelurahan Sambirejo atas nama Hartono Widjaja, yang diterbitkan pada Tahun 1995; 2). Pada kasus tersebut tindakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh BPN adalah dilakukannya upaya mediasi yang sesuai dengan Pasal 43 Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Penanganan Dan Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan.

Legal protection for deceased home ownership credit debtors based on insurance guarantees and Article 1100 of the Civil Code has not been clearly explained. The debtor's heirs do not yet know for sure about the risks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for deceased home ownership credit debtors based on insurance guarantees and Article 1100 of the Civil Code. The research method uses empirical juridical using analytical descriptive. The results of this study are that the implementation of legal protection for deceased home ownership credit debtors does not only involve the debtor and creditor, but also the heirs if the debtor dies. This home ownership credit agreement is regulated in Articles 1320 and 1138 of the Civil Code. The agreement between the debtor and creditor also uses an offering letter as a credit agreement. The transfer of the debtor's heirs is regulated in Article 1100 of the Civil Code which states that heirs who receive an inheritance are required to share in the payment of debts, bequests, and other burdens. This is also related to the legal theory of Gustav Radbruch and Plato which regulates law. The principle related to this is the principle of consensualism related to article 1320 of the Criminal Code, namely freedom of contract. In the future, it is hoped that the heirs of the debtor will be more aware of the credit system so that they can avoid bad credit.


Perlindungan Hukum debitur kredit pemilikan rumah yang meninggal dunia berdasarkan jaminan asuransi dan pasal 1100 KUHPerdata belum secara jelas dijelaskan. Ahli waris dari debitur belum mengetahui secata pasti mengenai resikonya. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum debitur kredit pemilikan rumah yang meninggal dunia berdasarkan jaminan asuransi dan pasal 1100 KUHPerdata. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum debitur kredit pemilikan rumah yang meninggal dunia tidak hanya melibatkan antara debitur dan kreditur, tetapi juga ahli waris apabila debitur meninggal dunia. Perjanjian kredit pemilikan rumah ini diatur dalam pasal 1320 dan 1138 KUHP. Perjanjian antara debitur dan kreditur ini juga menggunakan offering letter sebagai perjanjian kredit. Pengalihan ahli waris debitur diatur dalam pasal 1100 KUHP yang menyatakan bahwa ahli waris yang menerima warisan diwajibkan untuk ikut memikul pembayaran utang, hibah wasiat, dan beban-beban lain. Hal ini juga berkaitan dengan teori hukum Gustav Radbruch dan Plato yang mengatur hukum. Asas yang berhubungan dengan hal ini adalah asas konsesualisme yang berkaitan dengan pasal 1320 KUHP yaitu kebebasan berkontrak. Kedepannya diharapkan agar ahli waris debitur agar lebih mengetahui tentang sistem kredit sehingga terhindar dari kredit macet.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of legal assistance in the investigation process for economically disadvantaged suspects at the Semarang Police Department, with a focus on the challenges and solutions encountered. The criminal justice system in Indonesia regulates the rights of suspects, including the right to legal assistance. Although this right is governed by various laws and regulations, practices in the field reveal a gap between the expected norms and the reality. This research uses an empirical legal method with an empirical juridical approach, integrating the analysis of legal norms with their implementation in practice. The findings show that although the regulations related to legal assistance are generally applied, there are still significant obstacles related to public legal awareness and the lack of effective socialization. While law enforcement officers and legal aid institutions play an active role, there is still a need for improvements in facilities and legal education for the public to ensure that legal assistance is accessible to all levels of society. This study recommends improvements in the legal assistance system and an increase in public understanding of the importance of legal aid.





Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan terhadap tersangka yang tidak mampu secara ekonomi di Polres Semarang, dengan fokus pada kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi. Sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia mengatur hak-hak tersangka, salah satunya hak untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum. Meskipun diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, praktik di lapangan menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan antara norma yang diharapkan dan kenyataan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yang mengintegrasikan analisis terhadap norma hukum dengan penerapannya di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara umum peraturan terkait bantuan hukum sudah diterapkan, masih terdapat kendala utama terkait kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan kurangnya sosialisasi yang efektif. Meskipun aparat penegak hukum dan lembaga bantuan hukum berperan aktif, peningkatan sarana dan pendidikan hukum bagi masyarakat masih diperlukan untuk memastikan bantuan hukum dapat diakses dengan optimal oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya perbaikan dalam sistem pendampingan hukum serta peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai pentingnya bantuan hukum.

This research aims to analyze the use of the right of inquiry by the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in Indonesia's state governance, particularly in overseeing infrastructure development in Sleman Regency. The urgency of this research lies in the need to strengthen the supervisory function of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) to ensure the effectiveness and transparency of regional development. The novelty of this research focuses on optimizing the role of the DPRD through a normative juridical approach and an in-depth analysis of the implementation of oversight functions involving the right of inquiry. This research uses a normative juridical method by examining legislation, literature, and empirical data related to the implementation of the DPRD's supervisory function. The research results show that the DPRD's oversight of infrastructure development in Sleman Regency has been effective, supported by adequate regulations, the commitment of DPRD members, as well as budgetary support, and the enhancement of human resource capacity through training. In addition, the harmonious relationship between the DPRD and the executive, as well as community participation, also strengthens the oversight. This research concludes that the optimization of the DPRD's supervisory function can be achieved through preventive and repressive oversight, both directly and indirectly, as well as across sectors. With effective oversight, it is hoped that development in Sleman Regency can proceed more transparently, accountably, and in accordance with the needs of the community without deviations that harm the state.




Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan hak angket Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) dalam tata kelola negara Indonesia, khususnya dalam pengawasan pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Sleman. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya memperkuat fungsi pengawasan DPRD untuk memastikan efektivitas dan transparansi pembangunan daerah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terfokus pada optimalisasi peran DPRD melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisis mendalam terhadap implementasi fungsi pengawasan yang melibatkan hak angket. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, dan data empiris terkait pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan DPRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan DPRD terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur di Kabupaten Sleman telah berjalan baik, didukung oleh regulasi yang memadai, komitmen anggota DPRD, serta dukungan anggaran dan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia melalui pelatihan. Selain itu, hubungan harmonis antara DPRD dan eksekutif serta partisipasi masyarakat turut memperkuat pengawasan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi fungsi pengawasan DPRD dapat dicapai melalui pengawasan preventif dan represif, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, serta lintas sektor. Dengan pengawasan yang efektif, diharapkan pembangunan di Kabupaten Sleman dapat berjalan lebih transparan, akuntabel, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat tanpa penyimpangan yang merugikan negara.

The supremacy of knowledge plays a central role in building Islamic civilization, both in classical and modern eras. This study aims to analyze the values of the supremacy of knowledge based on the perspectives of the Qur’an, Hadith, and the thoughts of classical scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi. Additionally, this research explores the relevance of knowledge in addressing the challenges of globalization and the dynamics of the digital age. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, primary data consisting of Qur'anic verses, Hadith, and classical scholars' works are combined with secondary data, including books on the history of Islamic civilization, scholarly articles, and contemporary references. The research findings indicate that knowledge is regarded as the main pillar in building a civilization rooted in Islamic values. The Qur’an and Hadith explicitly position knowledge as both an obligation and a path to the glory of individuals and society. The thoughts of classical scholars highlight the importance of integrating religious knowledge and general knowledge to create a balance between worldly and spiritual happiness. In the modern era, the supremacy of knowledge remains relevant as a tool to address the challenges of globalization, particularly through the use of technology and innovation based on Islamic values. This study concludes that the synergy between religious knowledge and modern science can shape a progressive and morally upright Islamic civilization. Knowledge not only serves as a medium for social transformation but also as a spiritual foundation for building a resilient Muslim identity in the contemporary era. The relevance of the values of the supremacy of knowledge provides a strategic guide for Muslims to contribute to global civilization without losing the essence of Islam.

Marriage is a sacred agreement in human life, although some marriages also fail and end in divorce. However, this divorce does not only stop at the end of the relationship between the two parties. But more than that, the problem of separation of joint property also often becomes a new problem after divorce. This study then aimed to review the implementation of divorce and division of property arising from marriage according to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The research method used is normative, with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study showed that the legal basis for joint property is contained in Chapter VII Article 35 to Article 37 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Based on this law, the path to division of joint property is divided through several mechanisms, namely based on religious law, based on customary law, and based on other laws. Compared to Law Number 1 of 1974, Law Number 16 of 2019 provides more detailed and modern regulations regarding joint property compared to previous provisions. Overall, according to Law Number 16 of 2019, the authority to settle the division of joint property arising from marriage involves the court in deciding fairly based on applicable law. The court has the responsibility to ensure that the division of property is carried out with the principle of justice, taking into account the contribution of each party and their needs and economic circumstances. In the case of mediation or agreements outside the court, the court still has the authority to assess and ensure that the decisions taken are in accordance with applicable legal provisions.
 

This study aims to analyze the performance of Police Sector intelligence as a detection base in supporting the maintenance of security and public order and analyze the efforts to improve the performance of Police Intelligence as a detection base in supporting the maintenance of security and public order in the Batang Police Department. The research method used is a sociological juridical. The analysis of research results shows that early detection efforts carried out by the Sector Police Unit of the Batang Resort Police security intelligence unit really need to be carried out so that they are able to detect, search and collect and dig up information from the community, then an identification process is carried out to sort, calculate and determine alternatives and consider and reading the signs of the facts from the detection results, the results are expressed in intelligence administration in the form of products that guarantee confidentiality, speed, accuracy and predictability. The discipline of the Batang Police Sector personnel in understanding the regulations and policies of leaders who are obliged to work is still lacking, as evidenced by the finding that the implementation of the Sector Police as a Detection Base has not run optimally, both operationally in the field and administratively.




Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Intelijen PoIsek sebagai basis deteksi dalam mendukung Harkamtibmas dan menganalisis upaya meningkatkan kinerja Intelijen Polsek sebagai basis deteksi dalam mendukung Harkamtibmas di wilayah hukum Polres Batang. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah sebagai acuan referensi yang mendukung bagi peneliti maupun pihak lain yang tertarik dalam bidang penelitian yang sama terutama tentang upaya meningkatkan kinerja intelijen Polsek sebagai basis deteksi. Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa upaya deteksi dini yang dilakukan Unit Polsek dari Satuan InteIkam Polres Batang sangat perlu dilakukan, sehingga mampu mendeteksi, mencari dan mengumpuIkan serta menggali informasi dari masyarakat, kemudian dilakukan proses identifikasi untuk memilah, menghitung dan menetapkan alternatif-alternatif serta mempertimbangkan dan membaca gelagat dari fakta-fakta hasil deteksi, maka hasil tersebut dituangkan dalam administrasi intelijen berupa produk-produk yang bersifat terjamin kerahasiaan, kecepatan, ketepatan dan predikitif. Kedisiplinan personil Polsek jajaran Polres Batang dalam memahami peraturan dan kebijakan pimpinan yang menjadi kewajiban bekerja masih kurang, terbukti dengan adanya temuan pelaksanaan Polsek Sebagai Basis Deteksi belum berjalan secara maksimal baik operasional dilapangan maupun secara administrasinya.

Students spend a lot of time with their peers, so that students experience changes in their lifestyle and appearance. These changes often occur when they see new and interesting things, especially their consumer behavior. The study aims to answer the following questions: 1) Does pocket money affect the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN North Sumatra, class of 2017, 2) Does self-control affect the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN North Sumatra, class of 2017, 3) Does advertising affect the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN North Sumatra, class of 2017, 4) Do pocket money, self-control and advertising affect the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN North Sumatra, class of 2017? This study uses a quantitative approach with a total of 73 people based on Proportional Random Sampling, data was collected using a questionnaire technique. The analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that partially the variables of pocket money (X1), self-control (X2), advertising (X3), and have a significant effect on the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UINSU because the significant value is <0.05. This is obtained by the significant value of pocket money 0.021, self-control 0.008 and advertising 0.000. The effect of the pocket money variable partially on the consumer behavior of students is 20.4%, the self-control variable is 26.6% and advertising is 51.4%. Simultaneously, the variables of pocket money (X1), self-control (X2) and advertising (X3) have a significant effect on the consumer behavior of students majoring in Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05 and its influence is 48.9%.

Dalam dunia komputasi awan yang semakin berkembang, ancaman serangan Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) menjadi isu yang sangat krusial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan model prediksi serangan DDoS menggunakan algoritma Random Forest dan analisis perilaku jaringan. Dataset CICIDS2017 digunakan sebagai sumber data utama untuk melatih dan menguji model prediksi yang dikembangkan. Pemilihan algoritma Random Forest didasarkan pada kemampuannya yang tinggi dalam menangani data besar dan kompleks serta kemampuannya dalam mengenali pola anomali yang sering menjadi indikasi serangan siber. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model ini mencapai akurasi yang signifikan dengan precision sebesar 97,8%, recall sebesar 98,2%, dan F1-score sebesar 98,0%. Analisis perilaku jaringan yang diterapkan, melibatkan fitur-fitur dinamis seperti waktu antar paket (Inter-Arrival Time/IAT), ukuran rata-rata segmen, dan jumlah paket per detik, yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan deteksi model. Implementasi model dalam lingkungan komputasi awan menunjukkan bahwa metode ini dapat diintegrasikan dengan sistem deteksi intrusi (Intrusion Detection Systems/IDS) yang sudah ada untuk memberikan lapisan perlindungan tambahan terhadap serangan DDoS. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan kombinasi algoritma Random Forest dan analisis perilaku jaringan sebagai solusi yang efektif untuk mendeteksi serangan DDoS dalam lingkungan komputasi awan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji model dengan dataset yang lebih beragam serta mengoptimalkan algoritma untuk meningkatkan performa deteksi.
 
Kata kunci: Random Forest, DDoS, Cloud Computing

There are three inheritance law systems in Indonesia that apply, namely inheritance law based on civil inheritance law, Islamic inheritance law and customary inheritance law. To this day, customary inheritance law still has a strong influence and is still applied in various regions in Indonesia even though the majority have adhered to Islam. This shows the complexity of the inheritance law system in Indonesia, which reflects the country's cultural and religious diversity. The differences between these three inheritance laws explain the reason why unification between these three inheritance laws is very difficult or impossible in Indonesia. This also makes it difficult to implement the regulations of The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) to eliminate discrimination against women which is still often found in the inheritance law system in Indonesia.