This research aims to identify flexible and dynamic business strategies in adapting to market changes. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study approach to understand ideas and theories relevant to the research topic. The analysis employed is descriptive analysis, which analyzes the data by describing or presenting the information without attempting to draw broad conclusion or generalization. Furthermore, Flexible and dynamic competitive strategies allow companies to not only adapt to market changes, but also take advantage of these changes to increase intelligence and business efficiency. These constraints include changes in the market, which are often accelerating, and companies respond slowly to market changes, thereby reducing adaptation and competition. A flexible and dynamic competitive strategy in changing markets would demonstrate that companies were able to successfully adapt to market changes, increase their capacity and achieve business success. This research is expected to help society, especially businesses, to determine flexible and dynamic strategies to adapt to changes in a market

Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pada era industri 4.0 berkembang begitu cepat dimana mengharuskan adanya transformasi digital perkembangan melalui teknologi. Salah satu inovasi media pembelajaran di era digital adalah multimedia interaktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa multimedia interaktif pada pembelajaran matematika materi mata uang dikelas III SD/MI. Model pengembangan ini dirancang menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D ( Four-D Models ) yang terdiri dari Define (pendefinisian), Desain (perancangan), Develop (pengembangan) dan Desseminate (penyebaran). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil validitas ahli materi mendapat rerata skor 4,9 yang termasuk dalam kategori “Sangat Baik”, hasil validitas ahli multimedia mendapat rerata skor 3,8 termasuk dalam kategori “Baik”, hasil validitas guru kelas mendapat rerata skor 4,5 termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik”, dan hasil validitas peserta didik mendapat rerata skor 4,7 termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik”. Setelah melakukan rangkaian tahapan penelitian dan pengembangan, dihasilkan multimedia interaktif ini layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran matematika materi mata uang untuk peserta didik kelas III SD/MI.

This study aims to analyze students' mathematical connections through the application of the Think Talk Write (TTW) learning style and collaboration in the context of mathematics learning. The Think Talk Write (TTW) method emphasizes developing critical thinking, communication and writing skills in understanding mathematical concepts. Collaboration between students is also integrated to strengthen mathematical understanding through discussion and joint problem solving. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies as the analytical framework. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews with students, and analysis of students' writing. Research findings show that implementing the Think Talk Write (TTW) method with collaboration can improve students' mathematical connections, strengthen conceptual understanding, and improve communication and mathematical problem solving skills. Pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed to promote more effective and inclusive mathematics learning practices.

This research discusses the application of Sharia business ethics in the marketing strategy of Turqiy chocolate products. As a brand committed to Islamic principles, Turqy integrates Sharia ethical values, such as honesty, justice, and transparency, into every aspect of its operations and product promotions. This product marketing strategy is designed to meet the needs of increasingly selective Muslim consumers for halal and high-quality products. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, exploring how Turqiy applies Sharia principles in the packaging, communication, and distribution of its products. The research results show that the application of Sharia business ethics not only enhances consumer trust but also creates a competitive advantage in the global market. This article makes an important contribution to the development of the sharia marketing concept, especially in the food and beverage industry.

Soil fertility is an important element in agricultural sustainability, especially in supporting plant growth. One natural way to increase soil fertility is through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (FNB) by Rhizobium bacteria. These bacteria have a symbiotic relationship with legume plants, forming root nodules that convert atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants can absorb, such as ammonium (NH4+). The purpose of this article study is to determine the potential of Rhizobium bacteria in increasing and efficiency of nitrogen fixation which has an impact on soil fertility and increasing plant productivity. This study adopts a library research method or approach, which involves a series of systematic activities, starting from collecting data through various library sources, reading in depth, recording important information, to processing the research materials. The study results show that Rhizobium can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, increase soil fertility, and produce growth hormones that support nutrient absorption. These findings emphasize the important role of Rhizobium in supporting sustainable agriculture, especially in tropical regions where access to synthetic fertilizers is minimal.

Science Education (IPA) has a very important role in the development of science, technology, and in forming critical and analytical thinking patterns of students. Through science learning, students not only gain knowledge about scientific concepts, but are also trained to think critically, systematically, and creatively in dealing with various problems. One aspect that influences the success of science learning is cognitive psychology, which focuses on how individuals process, store, and remember information. Cognitive psychology plays an important role in designing effective learning strategies, which are tailored to the way students understand and manage information. In addition, the learning paradigm used in science education also greatly influences the success of learning. The two main paradigms that are widely considered in science learning are absolutism and constructivism. The absolutism paradigm argues that knowledge is absolute and must be accepted without change, while the constructivism paradigm assumes that knowledge is built through experience and active interaction with the environment. This article aims to explore how the tradition of cognitive psychology influences science learning and examines the differences in the impact of the two paradigms in the context of science education in Indonesia. This discussion is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of applying cognitive psychology and selecting the right learning paradigm in improving the quality of science education.

Mothers who give birth tend to experience increased anxiety which can result in psychological disorders including anxiety, depression (Denis,2021). Postpartum psychological health disorders increase the risk of postpartum blues. The underlying factors are limited access to health services, lack of social support from various parties, and concerns about the health of herself and her baby that will be ignored by the mother. Social support helps postpartum mothers deal with stressors (Adli, 2022). This research method uses Quasi experimental with two groups pretest posttest research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample size consists of 30 participants divided into 2 groups with 15 respondents each. The intervention group received dhikr sholawat treatment while the control group only received slow deep breathing (SDB) treatment. The intervention lasted for 14 days. The measurement of depression levels carried out was a measurement using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) instrument form. The results of the study P value 0.023 (> 0.05) so it is concluded that there is a difference between the effectiveness of providing Dzishol intervention and SDB intervention. Based on the comparison of the median value after the intervention in the group, it is known that the median value in the Dzishol group (score 11) is smaller than the SDB group (score 9) so it can be concluded that providing Dzishol intervention on anxiety levels is more effective than SDB intervention.

Purpose: This research emphasizes the need to map villages' conditions and identify village potentials, evaluate the effectiveness of development capability, and address the rural-urban development gap with clustering algorithms. The study employs the village development index (IPD) indicators obtained from the village potential dataset, with various numerical and categorical indicators, to capture both tangible and intangible aspects of village potential. Challenges such as missing data and outliers in IPD data collection can be found. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of clustering algorithms, with integrated and separated imputation processes, in handling these data issues and to track the development of villages in the Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia, based on the village’s potential (PODES) dataset.
Methods: Three clustering algorithms, such as k-prototype, simple k-medoids, and Clustering of Mixed Numerical and Categorical Data with Missing Values (k-CMM) are compared. The pre-processing data, which is the imputation process for the first two algorithms, is conducted separately, while the k-CMM has an integrated imputation process. Both imputation stages are tree-based algorithms. Cluster evaluation is based on internal criteria and external criteria. Clusters resulting from the k-prototype and simple k-medoids are selected by internal validity indices and compared to k-CMM using external validity indices for several numbers of clusters (k = 3,4,5).
Result: According to data exploration, the IPD of Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia dataset contains ± 5% of outliers and six missing values in some chosen variables. Tree-based imputation methods are applied separately in k-prototype and simple k-medoids, jointly in k-CMM. Based on the elbow and gap statistics methods, this research aims to determine the optimum number of clusters k = 3. The internal validity indices performed on k-prototype and simple k-medoids resulting in three clusters (k = 3) are optimum. Trials on several clusters (k = 3,4,5) for three algorithms show that the k-prototype with k = 3 performs the best and is most stable among the two other algorithms with IPD datasets containing many outliers; external validity indices evaluate cluster results.
Novelty: This research addresses issues commonly found in mixed datasets, including outliers and missing values, and how to treat problems before and during cluster analysis. An improvement of Gower distance is applied in the medoid-based clustering algorithm, and the k-CMM algorithm is the first algorithm to integrate the imputation process and clustering analysis, which is interesting to explore this algorithm’s performance in clustering analysis.

Financial reports are a communication tool for a company or parties that need the financial report. The parties that need it are usually called internal parties and external parties. In this case, the financial report has financial accounting standards. The financial standardization of entities without public accountability (SAK ETAP) is a financial standard used by companies that are entities without public accountability such as PT Damai Gadai. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of SAK ETAP to the financial statements of PT Damai Gadai. This study uses a descriptive method, to determine the application of PT Damai Gadai's financial statements in accordance with SAK ETAP. Descriptive method, to determine the comparison of PT Damai Gadai's financial statements with reports based on SAK ETAP. The steps taken to obtain PT Damai Gadai's financial report data by conducting observations of data collection, then conducting analysis, and conducting interviews. The results of this study indicate that PT Damai Gadai's financial statements have not implemented financial statements according to SAK ETAP standards. This is due to the limited knowledge they have.

Students are required to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course, because tashrif is the main basis in understanding the structure of the Arabic language, especially in word formation and change. Mastery of tashrif helps students recognize the patterns of word changes from roots to derivatives, which is very important for understanding religious texts such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical books. In addition, this ability improves reading, writing and speaking skills in Arabic. By memorizing tashrif, students are also more confident in using Arabic actively, both in academic and practical contexts. Therefore, tashrif is an important part of Arabic language learning that not only facilitates text comprehension, but also builds language skills.This study aims to analyze the effect of the singing method on the ability to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course of class 5B students of class 2022. using quantitative approach research with data collection through questionnaires filled out by 28 students. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics to see the tendency of the influence of the singing method on memorizing tasrif. The use of this singing method is very helpful in improving students' memory in memorizing tasrif. In addition, students consider this method fun and motivate them to be more active in learning.