This study aims to analyze the crime of cohabitation as an absolute complaint offense in practice before and after the enactment of Article 412 of Law No. 1/2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The background is the negative stigma against cohabitation in Indonesian society and the ambiguity of the law before the existence of explicit regulations. The urgency of this study is to provide legal certainty and avoid arbitrary handling of cohabitation cases. The research method used is normative juridical with a descriptive analysis approach, using secondary data from laws and regulations, literature, and dictionaries. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the handling of cohabitation before and after the enactment of the new Criminal Code Law. The results of the study show that before Law No. 1/2023, the handling of cohabitation varied, ranging from customary sanctions to the application of adultery articles. With the enactment of the new Law as of January 2, 2026, cohabitation is regulated as an absolute complaint offense with limitations on complainants. In conclusion, although cohabitation now has a clear legal basis, its implementation still considers aspects of social balance and family resolution, similar to the concept of restorative justice. Customary law can still be applied in handling cohabitation, but requires government regulations as derivative rules for its implementation.


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindak pidana kohabitasi sebagai delik aduan absolut dalam praktik sebelum dan setelah berlakunya Pasal 412 UU No. 1/2023 tentang KUHP. Latar belakangnya adalah stigma negatif terhadap kohabitasi di masyarakat Indonesia dan ketidakjelasan hukum sebelum adanya aturan eksplisit. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan kepastian hukum dan menghindari penanganan sewenang-wenang terhadap kasus kohabitasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, menggunakan data sekunder dari peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, dan kamus. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis komprehensif terhadap penanganan kohabitasi sebelum dan setelah berlakunya UU KUHP baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum UU No. 1/2023, penanganan kohabitasi bervariasi, mulai dari sanksi adat hingga penerapan pasal perzinahan. Dengan berlakunya UU baru per 2 Januari 2026, kohabitasi diatur sebagai delik aduan absolut dengan limitasi pengadu. Kesimpulannya, meskipun kohabitasi kini memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas, penerapannya tetap mempertimbangkan aspek keseimbangan sosial dan penyelesaian kekeluargaan, mirip dengan konsep keadilan restoratif. Hukum adat masih dapat diterapkan dalam penanganan kohabitasi, namun memerlukan peraturan pemerintah sebagai aturan turunan untuk implementasinya.

The industrial revolution has transformed the global economic landscape, and Indonesia is not exempt from its impacts. This article discusses Indonesia's readiness to face the challenges posed by the industrial revolution, focusing on sectors such as manufacturing, technology, and human resources. This research is a  qualitative analysis method with a literature study and interviews approach. The findings indicate that while Indonesia has made progress in infrastructure and technology, there are still significant challenges in terms of human resource quality and the industry's readiness to adapt to technological advancements. Therefore, more targeted policies are needed to optimize Indonesia's potential in facing the industrial revolution.

Introduction: In daily routines, especially in heavy weight lifting activities, grip strength is important. This study aims to investigate grip strength with muscle mass and fat mass in the arms. Methods: Cross-sectional study with the subjects of this study were 45 students (15 females and 30 males) with male characteristics (age 19.8±0.83, height 168±6.10, weight 64.7±11.5, BMI 22.9±3.82) while in women (age 20±0.78, height 159.3±4.43, weight 57.3±11.6, BMI 22.6±4.33). Spearman correlation from SPSS version 26 with a significance level of P-value < 0.05. Finding: Based on the data, there was no significant correlation between grip strength and muscle ma and arm fat mass. Then the muscle mass of the right side with (P-value: 0.079, r: 0.265) and the left side (P-value: 0.059, r: 0.284), while the mass of fat on the right side (P-value: 0.090, r-value -0.256) and the mass of fat on the left (P-value: 0.180, r-value: -0.204). Conclusion: This study proves that there is no correlation between grip strength and muscle mass or arm fat mass. 

The approach to Islamic education through martial arts organizations, such as PSNU Pagar Nusa, holds significant potential in shaping the character of the youth based on Islamic values. However, limited research has delved into how this martial arts organization internalizes Islamic educational values in Lampung Province. This study aims to identify and analyze the Islamic educational values internalized through PSNU Pagar Nusa in Lampung Province and their implications for the behavior and character of the students. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from PSNU Pagar Nusa members and relevant community figures. The findings reveal that Islamic values such as i’tiqadiyyah (faith), khuluqiyyah (ethics), and amaliyyah (practice) are successfully instilled through various activities such as martial arts training, Quranic recitation, and congregational prayers. These values manifest in the daily attitudes and behaviors of the students, reflecting discipline, responsibility, tolerance, and compassion towards all creatures. The implications of internalizing these values include the formation of resilient, virtuous, and positively influential youth within the community. The study concludes that PSNU Pagar Nusa not only plays a role in preserving traditional martial arts but also effectively shapes the Islamic character of its members.

The background of this study is FORKI as the basis for sports coaching to produce outstanding karate athletes. Achievement itself is influenced by many factors, one of which is psychological personality. Sports psychology requires personality to understand the personality characteristics of an athlete. This study aims to measure the level of aggressiveness and power of Karate Athletes in Forki Jepara Regency. This survey was conducted using a quantitative approach method. In this study, 17 PPAP athletes from Jepara Regency will be used as samples through purposive sampling techniques. As a data collection instrument, the author used the SPQ20 questionnaire which was disseminated online via a goog;e form consisting of 168 questions that looked at various elements such as achievement and competition, belief and toughness, interaction and sportsmanship, aggressiveness and power. The results of the research obtained for male and female athletes are in the same item, namely Aggressiveness has a score of 205 with an average of 3.66. Meanwhile, femaleathletes have a score of 270 with an average of 3,375. And Power has a score of 124 with an average of 3.54. Meanwhile, female athletes have a score of 174 with an average of 3.48. It can be concluded that the level of aggressiveness and power of karate athletes in FORKI Jepara Regency is high

Human resource development and empowerment are key elements in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of HR management performance in today’s competitive era. This study aims to examine the extent to which HR development and empowerment influence HR management performance improvement. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, the study explores the relationship between training, competency development, employee involvement, and managerial performance within organizations. Literature review findings indicate that investing in HR development significantly enhances productivity, loyalty, and the quality of HR management.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana bahan ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) berbasis multimedia interaktif dapat membantu meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dan observasi yang melibatkan peserta didik dan pengajar. Penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa materi pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif, yang menggabungkan teks, gambar, suara, dan unsur interaktif, efektif dalam mendorong minat belajar siswa. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas bahan ajar ini meliputi kualitas konten, desain antarmuka, serta dukungan teknis dan pedagogis dari pengajar. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan akses teknologi dan resistensi terhadap metode pembelajaran baru masih menjadi hambatan dalam penerapannya. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi pengembangan bahan ajar PAI yang lebih efektif dan menarik, serta mendorong inovasi dalam pembelajaran di era digital.

Samuel's role as Israel's final judge, a leader who carried out the dual function of political and spiritual leader with integrity. Using critical historical interpretation analysis methods. Through in-depth analysis of these verses, this paper identifies Samuel's Faithful Leadership, Active and Inclusive Ministry, Worship as a Life Priority and God as a Just Judge. This article also highlights the relevance of these principles in a modern context, such as the importance of responsible leadership, consistent service, and a God-centered life. By making worship of God the basis of life, Samuel provides an example of leadership that not only brings people to justice, but also maintains a spiritual relationship with God. This paper concludes that true leadership must be based on obedience to Allah and timeless dedication.

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak seluruh tempat wisata ditutup salah satunya wisata alam Coban Putri yang berlokasi di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Pasca pandemi Covid-19 beberapa wisata alam termasuk wisata alam Coban Putri telah membuka pengunjung ke lokasi namun pengelola belum menyediakan tempat cuci tangan dan masker, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19 bagi pengunjung wisata. Tujuan kegitan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang terdiri dari tim dosen dan mahasiswa Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang adalah melakukan kegiatan pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19 pasca pandemi pada pengunjung wisata alam Coban putri di Kecamatan Batu. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian adalah survei secara langsung di lokasi wisata alam Coban Putri. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan pengunjung wisata Coban Putri yang saat berkunjung tidak taat pada protokol kesehatan namun melalui sosialisasi yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdi maka para pengunjung mencuci tangan dan menggunakan masker serta tidak berkumpul pada satu titik area selama berkunjung di kawasan wisata alam Coban Putri.  

Ketidaksetaraan pendidikan masih menjadi tantangan besar dalam sistem pendidikan Indonesia, terutama dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Artikel ini membahas bagaimana optimalisasi sumber ajar dapat menjadi solusi untuk menghadapi tantangan educational inequality.  Dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab ketidaksetaraan, seperti keterbatasan anggaran pendidikan, distribusi sumber ajar yang tidak merata, dan kualitas guru yang belum optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi digital, pelatihan guru, dan kolaborasi dengan lembaga keagamaan serta komunitas dapat memperbaiki akses dan kualitas sumber ajar dalam PAI. Dengan strategi ini diharapkan kesenjangan pendidikan dapat dikurangi dan kualitas pembelajaran PAI menjadi lebih merata di seluruh Indonesia.